The flora of Yinzhou district has complex geographical elements, mainly tropical elements. Pantropical elements, tropical America and tropical Asia elements, old world tropical elements, tropical Asia and tropical Australia elements account for the main proportion in the forest flora of Yinzhou District. In addition, East Asian elements are also prominent in Yinzhou District. In addition, there are many kinds of flora in this county, which belong to East Asia-North America discontinuous type. There are gymnosperms with north temperate elements such as Pinus and Juniper. It embodies the transitional nature from tropical to temperate zone and the regional characteristics of East Asian flora.
In the long-term development, the vegetation in Yinzhou District has been gradually artificial, the original vegetation has been almost destroyed, and the remaining semi-primitive vegetation is very few. Only in natural forest farms and a few mountainous areas with traffic jams can there be small semi-primitive evergreen broad-leaved forests. Most hills and mountains are covered by secondary coniferous forests. The vegetation in Yinzhou District can be divided into two types. One is natural vegetation, which is mainly composed of subtropical coniferous forest (Pinus massoniana forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, Cryptomeria fortunei forest, Huangshan pine forest and Qian Qian pine forest), evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved deciduous mixed forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, bamboo forest and shrub grass. The other is artificial cultivation of vegetation. The wild animals in this area belong to Oriental flora in geographical distribution, and there are abundant animal resources in history. Due to the serious destruction of forest resources, the habitat and activity range of wild animals in mountainous areas have been reduced, and animal resources have been decreasing day by day. A large number of graves and beaches have been demolished on the flat land in the plain area, making small animals lose their habitat.
Among vertebrates, mammals are mostly distributed in hills and low mountains. Today, crested deer and leopard are occasionally found in China. They are national first-class protected animals. Roe deer is a second-class protected animal. After 1980s, due to closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, various animals increased, including 28 species of 14 family. There are 48 species of birds in 34 families in Yinzhou District, which inhabit and move by mountains and rivers. 1988 survey found that the common birds in China are basically insectivorous birds, and the common carnivorous birds, such as eagles, basically disappeared in the early 1970s. Among birds, storks are national first-class protected animals; Jay and ring-necked pheasant are national second-class protected animals. Reptiles 7 families 13 species. Amphibians are mainly frogs, distributed in rice and cotton areas, and mountain stream wetlands are also common. Tiger frog is a national second-class protected animal. There are 8 families and 9 species of common shrimps and crabs.
Common arthropods include Chinese horseshoe crab, spider, amusement ant, and annelids include leeches, earthworms and jellyfish.
Insects include dragonflies, bees, mantises, grasshoppers, parasitic bees, lac insects, wax insects and silkworms. The average total water resources in Yinzhou District for many years is1/kloc-0.07 million cubic meters, including surface water/kloc-0.028 million cubic meters and groundwater 79 million cubic meters. Because rivers run through the territory, the annual inflow and outflow is considerable, with an average annual inflow of 2.076 billion cubic meters and a total outflow (including transit water) of 2.773 billion cubic meters.
According to the geographical characteristics of Yinzhou District, water resources include rivers, lakes, rivers and groundwater. Taking the Ming attic-Wanghaishan-Baiyanshan line in Yindong Mountain as the watershed, the Yongjiang River system in the west and the Dasong River system in the east, and the Yongjiang River system is the main water system in Yinzhou District.
The tributary of Fenghua River in Yinjiang River originates from the foot of Baiduchang Mountain in Siming Mountain, and the Yinjiang River is behind Tashan Weir in Yinjiang Town, with a total length of 10.8km, an average riverbed width of 62m and a depth of 2.4m The river slope is gentle and mostly fresh water. In years of severe drought, salt tides can be traced back to the vicinity of Xiang Yan. The whole Yinjiang River is within the territory.
Fenghua River originates from Jiangke River at the southern foot of Xiujian Mountain in Siming Mountain. It joins the Yinjiang River in the west and Dongjiang River in the south, which is called Fenghua River (South Sanjiangkou) and flows northeast to Ningbo. Fenghua River has completely entered the area since the South Sanjiangkou, with gentle water flow, plains on both sides and twists and turns. It reaches the urban area of Ningbo through eight bends, with a length of 27 kilometers, an average width of 208 meters, an average depth of 3.5 meters and a water surface area of 5.62 square kilometers.
Yao Jiangyuan left Baiyanjian at the northern foot of Siming Mountain in Yuyao City and arrived in Qiyang.
Near Wudongmen, it enters Yinzhou District as a boundary river and flows out of Jinxian Temple in Wangchun. The length of the river in China is18km, and the water surface area is 4.95km2, with an average width of 275m and a depth of 7m. Its land and water are wide, the shore is flat, the river is smooth and the navigation is slow. Now it is Xudanjiang Road, and two pumping stations have been built in Yinzhou District, which can pump about 5.5 million cubic meters of water.
The second water system in yinzhou district of dasong river. Tingxi in the upper reaches originates from Wudutou, Shuangshiling, and joins Meixi in the south to form Dasong River in Yuwang Village Pavilion. The total length is 2 1.2km, the average width is 68m, the average depth is 3.2m, and the water surface area is1.44km2.1974. In Jiangfutou, a large sluice with 15 hole was built, making the river channel a freshwater river. Both sides of the plain river are protected by ponds.
There are three main rivers in Yindong and Yinxi, but there is no big river in Yin Nan, and each river enters the river separately through wedge gates.
Silverstream River includes Zhangxi, which is connected with the upper reaches of Tashan weir (from Guangxi Bridge in Yinzhou District), Nantang River in Ningbo from Nanshuimen, Tangzhong River in the middle of Silverstream Plain and Yin Da in Cao Wanggang Mountain, and Xitang River in the west entrance of Ningbo from Wangchun Bridge to Tang Zhong River. Yindongjiang River includes Qiantang River, which originates from Jiukuo Ridge (Hengxi Reservoir) in Cheng 'ao of Jin 'e Township, Tangzhong River, which is connected with Qiantang River from Mozhi to Hengshiqiao, and Houtang River, which originates from Tiantongshan (Sanxipu Reservoir is built upstream).
Dongqian Lake is located in the middle of Yindong Plain, with a width of 6.5km from east to west, a length of 3.5km from north to south, a coastline of 45km and a water surface area of 19.89km2. It is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Zhejiang Province. The east and south sides of the lake are the remnants of Tiantai Mountain, and the northwest is connected with the vast Yindong Plain by scattered plains and hills. The whole lake is divided into three parts: outer lake, millet lake and plum lake. Humei Lake was reclaimed as farmland at 1960. The drainage area is 8 1 km2. Dongqian Lake is a comprehensive utilization lake which mainly focuses on irrigation, and combines freshwater aquaculture, urban water supply and shipping and transportation. There are 7 weir dams and 5 wedge gates between rivers and lakes, with a total discharge of 63.4 cubic meters per second. The water around the lakes and mountains merged into 72 streams, which were stored in Dongqian Lake and flowed into Yindong River network through five wedge gates.
The natural resources of groundwater in Yinzhou District are 78,628,500 m3/year, including 62,943,300 m3/year in hilly areas and 654.38+05,685,500 m3/year in plain areas. The available groundwater is 28.63 million m3/ year, which is distributed in areas with good centralized water supply conditions, with a total water volume of18.58 million m3/ year, and the available resources in areas with poor water supply conditions are10.00544 million m3/ year, including 8.0534 million m3/ year in hilly areas.
200 1 1,000 cubic meters/year in plain area. There are deep confined fresh water 1.226 million cubic meters and irrigation return water 1.38 million cubic meters in Yinzhou district every year. There are more than 20 kinds of mineral deposits found in Yinzhou District, including peat, iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, fluorite, alunite, clay, stone, sandstone and sea salt, with nearly 100 producing areas. Among them, most metal mines are mineral (chemical) sites, which have no development and utilization value. Relevant departments attach importance to the comprehensive evaluation of precious metals associated with gold and silver, which is expected to have a new breakthrough. Non-metallic and building materials minerals have advantages in China. There are mainly the following types:
Peat is distributed in Dongqian Lake, Wang Chunhe. Peat in Wang Chunshan is the best. Fluorite is commonly known as mans stone. There are fluorite mines 13 in Yinzhou district. The fluorite mines that have been exploited and have further exploration value include Zhoujiapu, Baiyue JOE, Feng 'ao Tengling, Feng 'ao Lingdun, Meiyuan Nantun, Yinjiang Henglingtou, Longguan Daluyan and Tangxi Dabipu. Among them, Tengling and Zhoujiapu are small mines, which are mined by the county and Qiyang Township respectively.
Alum stone is produced in South Phoenix Mountain in Hengxi Town.
Clay and clay minerals include: kaolin (Phoenix Mountain and Wang Chunshan), bentonite (Shishan Lane in Wuxiang), dickite, pyrophyllite (Dachongqiu Mountain) and clay (Taogong Mountain in Mo Zhi, Zhangxi, Miyun, Yinjiang and Hanling). With the expansion of application fields, it also includes yellow (red) soil, underwater silt soil and purple sand soil.
(Maojiaao, Tiandayan, Longguan to Xueao in Yinshan Mountain).
Building stone: Yinzhou District has a long history of building stone development. It is famous for Xiaoxi Stone produced by Yinjiang Bridge and Meiyuan Stone produced by Meiyuan Township. Xiaoxishi rock is thin, with uniform bedding, nearly horizontal and few joints. It can be directly stripped into boards along the bedding, and can also be processed into strips and blocks, which are used for building houses, paving roads, bridging, building ponds and weirs, and chiseling stone slabs. And sold in Ningbo and other places. Meiyuan stone is produced in Meiyuan mountain stope, and the rock is brown-gray tuff. Because of the large thickness of single layer, it is difficult to peel it into plates along the layer, but it can be used as needed, and the stone is even and delicate, which is very suitable for decorative carving of stone tablets.
Sandstone: Sandstone in Yinzhou District is mainly produced in the riverbed and floodplain of Yuyao River, Fenghua River and Dasong River. Used for paving roads and building government aggregates. In addition to local civilian use, most of them are sold in Ningbo and Shanghai. Yinzhou District is located in the easternmost part of Xiangshan Bay, covering an area of 53.5 square kilometers. The northeast is the sea area of Beilun District, the southwest is Fenghua County, and the southeast is Xiangshan County. The average depth of seawater is about 10 meter, the deepest point at the southern end can reach 23.5 meters, and the average tidal range is 3.20 meters. Between the highest tidal level and the lowest tidal level, the total tidal flat area is16300mu (12.2Km2), and the usable area is 5500mu, of which 2200mu has been used. The beach and seabed are flat and inclined to the southeast, and the bottom material is composed of silty silt. In the meantime, there are seven rocky islands and reefs scattered sporadically.
The coastline of Yinzhou District is 25.66 kilometers, which consists of seawalls and foothills, of which seawall 2 1 section * * * is 24.3 kilometers. There are shallow water surface 14097 mu and inland water surface 9357 1 mu in the area. The number of days suitable for fish growth and reproduction in a year reaches 43, with an average monthly minimum water temperature of 6.2℃ and an average monthly maximum water temperature of 365,438+0 ~ 33.8℃. The climate is mild from May to September, and abundant rain provides water and nutrients for inland water bodies, which just adapts to the characteristics of fish growth, activity and maximum food intake. Fixed point sampling determination
In the Ming Dynasty, inland waters were rich in water quality and rich in animal and plant bait. The exchange of seawater and water body in shallow water area is timely, and all indexes are suitable for the reproduction and growth of aquatic animals and plants.
Domestic aquatic products include fish, crustaceans, shellfish and algae. There are inland fresh water and seawater fresh water tides in Fenghua River, and there is seawater in Xiangshan Port. Dongqian Lake is a typical inland freshwater lake, and its aquatic products are composed of five fish systems: Chinese river plain complex, southern tropical plain complex, Paleogene complex, seawater complex and northern plain complex. In 1982 and 1987, 83 species of fish belonging to 9 orders and 20 families were collected in this county, including 60 species of CYPRINIDAE and 52 species of CYPRINIDAE. There are 3 species of crustaceans, 3 species of reptiles, 2 species of amphibians and 0/5 species of molluscs. Due to the characteristics of tidal rivers, the ecological environment of each section of Ningbo water system is not consistent, and the fish fauna belongs to Jianghuai subregion of East China and gradually transits to Zhejiang and Fujian subregion of South China. There are five flora complexes of inland fresh water in Yinzhou district, as well as the flora of Sino-Indian mountainous areas (such as loach); There are 338 species of aquatic products in Xiangshan Port waters, including fish 120 species, shellfish 90 species, crustaceans 90 species, algae 30 species, and there are 54 species along the coast of Yinzhou District.