1. 1 Licensed pharmacists refer to pharmaceutical technicians who have passed the national unified examination, obtained the qualification certificate of licensed pharmacists, and registered to practice in drug production, marketing and use units. 1.2 Clinical pharmacists in a broad sense refer to pharmacists who monitor patients' medication in clinical departments. In a narrow sense, it refers to having received systematic advanced clinical pharmacy education and having a bachelor's degree in clinical pharmacy or full-time pharmacy in medical colleges; Have solid theoretical knowledge and skills of modern clinical pharmacy; Have the basic knowledge and skills of medicine and related majors of medicine and clinical medicine, as well as the knowledge and skills of medical literature; He has the knowledge and skills to participate in the design and practice of clinical drug treatment scheme, research and implement rational drug use, and undertake clinical pharmaceutical technical work in medical institutions. After standardized training and examination, he has obtained the title of clinical pharmacist. 1.3 Although clinical pharmacists and licensed pharmacists can coexist in the positioning of the hospital, licensed pharmacists, as the access conditions for pharmaceutical work qualifications, should have this qualification for pharmaceutical workers in the hospital, which can be equal to licensed doctors and practical nurse in nature. Clinical pharmacists mainly belong to a specific post in the field of pharmacy. Whether in a narrow sense or a broad sense, there are essential differences between the two.
2. The threshold of licensed pharmacists is different from that of clinical pharmacists. 2. 1 All citizens of People's Republic of China (PRC) and persons of other nationalities who are allowed to work in China can apply for the qualification examination for licensed pharmacists: (1) They have obtained secondary school education in pharmacy, Chinese medicine or related majors and have been engaged in pharmacy or Chinese medicine for seven years. (2) obtain a college degree in pharmacy, Chinese medicine or related majors, and have been engaged in pharmacy or Chinese medicine for five years. (3) Having obtained a bachelor's degree in pharmacy, traditional Chinese medicine or related majors, and having been engaged in pharmacy or traditional Chinese medicine for three years. (4) Obtained the second bachelor's degree in pharmacy, traditional Chinese medicine or related majors, graduated from postgraduate courses or obtained a master's degree, and worked in pharmacy or traditional Chinese medicine for 1 year.
(5) obtain a doctorate in pharmacy, Chinese medicine or related majors. 2.2 Clinical pharmacists: (1) must receive advanced pharmacy education, which lasts for five years, including six months of clinical practice, and will be awarded a bachelor's degree in clinical pharmacy or a bachelor's degree in pharmacy upon graduation. (2) When conditions are ripe, gradually cultivate or introduce a master's or doctor's degree in clinical pharmacy. (3) Five-year undergraduate clinical pharmacy students need to strengthen their post-graduation education and clinical practice, supplement the necessary clinical courses and specialized practice, and improve their ability to participate in clinical drug therapy. 3. The positions of licensed pharmacists and clinical pharmacists are different. Licensed pharmacists are mainly engaged in pharmaceutical-related work in the fields of drug production, management and use. Clinical pharmacists mainly work in clinical pharmacy posts in hospitals above Grade II (including Grade II).
4. The theoretical knowledge and professional skills that licensed pharmacists and clinical pharmacists should master are different. 4. 1 The theoretical knowledge and professional skills that licensed pharmacists should master mainly include: (1) Familiarity with the national knowledge about drug production, sales and circulation, such as Drug Administration Law, Product Quality Law, the State Council Emergency Notice on Further Strengthening Drug Management, GMP and GSP.
(2) Master the theories and skills of various medical specialties including pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis and pharmacy, master the basic theories and methods of modern pharmaceutical enterprise management, and have certain practical experience;
(3) Constantly update knowledge, pay attention to the collection and collation of medical information at home and abroad, master the latest medical knowledge and advanced medical technology, and maintain a high professional and technical level;
(4) Familiar with comprehensive knowledge related to medicine;
(5) Master more than one foreign medical language. (six) to correctly understand and implement the principles and policies of the party and the state on pharmaceutical work, correctly analyze, judge and deal with major problems in the production, operation and quality management of enterprises in a timely manner;
(seven) have the ability to independently carry out business according to law;
(8) Be good at absorbing management experience at home and abroad, combining with the actual situation of enterprises and market changes, reform and innovate, and improve the operating mechanism of enterprises;
(9) Being able to scientifically organize relevant production and business activities according to the business objectives of the enterprise;
(10) Effectively supervise the production and operation of drugs to ensure the safety and effectiveness of people's drug use. 4.2 The theoretical knowledge and professional skills that clinical pharmacists should master are as follows: (1) They must have solid theoretical knowledge of modern clinical pharmacy and basic knowledge of medicine and clinical medicine, and master the anatomical parts of human organs and tissues and the normal structure and function of human body; Grasp the abnormal pathophysiological changes of body structure and function when the disease occurs. Familiar with the main factors affecting health and disease and the risk factors of disease, the interaction and influence between human beings and nature, social environment and psychological factors. And can apply this knowledge to solve practical problems. (2) In addition to mastering the basic medical theories, we should also master the basic knowledge of clinical medicine and medical related majors, such as internal medicine, general surgery, pediatrics, infectious diseases, clinical diagnostics, pharmacotherapy, clinical medical examination and medical philology. Understand the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases. Familiar with the basic theories of medical psychology and interpersonal communication. Common clinical diagnosis techniques, such as images, electrocardiogram, clinical test reports, etc., have general reading and analysis ability.
(3) Have the professional technical knowledge and skills to participate in clinical rounds, consultations, medical record discussions and drug treatment for critically ill patients, and attach importance to the accumulation of clinical drug treatment practice and drug treatment experience. Be able to use professional knowledge of pharmacy and basic medical knowledge to analyze and explain the relevant clinical diagnosis reports and observation results, and put forward drug treatment plans and implement rational drug use according to the principles of evidence-based medicine (pharmacy).
(4) In the practice of pharmaceutical care, it can help doctors to choose drugs and use them rationally; Instruct nurses to receive, manage and use drugs safely. Have the knowledge and skills to provide information and consultation on drugs and drug treatment to doctors, nurses and other medical personnel, as well as to provide drug information consultation services to patients.
(5) Have a high level of foreign language, initially meet the requirements of the "Four Meetings", be proficient in reading and translating foreign language documents of this major, and have strong foreign language communication skills.
(6) Ability to write and analyze medical calendars and to write, read and process medical documents. Have strong writing ability, write at least one academic paper every year and publish it in open medical journals.
(7) Master the skills of monitoring blood drug concentration; Can carry out experimental research on pharmacokinetics, drug evaluation and utilization, and pharmacoeconomics under the guidance of superior clinical pharmacists; Have the knowledge and skills to investigate and analyze the drug use and put forward the rational use of health resources. Pay attention to the recording, sorting, summarizing and archiving of pharmaceutical affairs and pharmaceutical technical services in order to analyze and improve pharmaceutical services.
(8) Understand the principles and provisions of major relevant policies and regulations, and be able to make appropriate and necessary responses and treatments according to time and events. It has good communication skills with medical staff and patients, strong writing skills, and can create an environment for mutual learning and communication with patients, patients' relatives, colleagues and other health professionals through effective communication, thus improving the quality of pharmaceutical technical services. Use communication skills to deeply understand the needs of patients and their families and let them receive pharmaceutical services as collaborators. Use communication skills and smile service to correctly handle and explain disputes.
(9) Be familiar with the post responsibilities, work contents, working procedures and rules and regulations of outpatient department, emergency department, infectious department, pediatric department and ward pharmacy, drug storehouse, intravenous infusion and mixed preparation. Understand the setting, technical specification and working principle of instruments and equipment in intravenous infusion mixing room. Understand the principle of drug quality monitoring, and master the regulations and methods of drug quality monitoring in this medical institution.
(10) Be familiar with and have strong information technology knowledge and application skills, and use computer and network technology to provide pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical knowledge information for pharmaceutical technical services and pharmaceutical affairs management. Medical education network collects and sorts out. Master the collection, sorting and classification of drug information, and the retrieval of network and CD-ROM, analyze the information of pharmacy, drug therapy and biomedicine, and analyze the information related to patients, so as to help solve the difficult problems in pharmaceutical service practice.
Use information and communication technology and knowledge to serve the treatment and prevention of drugs, and investigate and monitor problems related to pharmacy and rational drug use.
4.3 The knowledge of licensed pharmacists is mainly based on comprehensive skills and pharmaceutical laws and regulations, followed by medication knowledge. The knowledge of clinical pharmacists is mainly the knowledge of clinical medication, followed by management regulations.
5. The responsibilities of licensed pharmacists and clinical pharmacists are different.
5. 1 The responsibilities of licensed pharmacists mainly include:
(1) Licensed pharmacists have the right to establish or lead pharmaceutical production and trading enterprises according to law. "Licensed Pharmacist Qualification Certificate" is a necessary document to apply for the certificate of pharmaceutical production and operation enterprises;
(2) In pharmaceutical production and operation enterprises, licensed pharmacists must be responsible for drug quality;
(3) Licensed pharmacists have the right to participate in the formulation of standards, rules and regulations and operating procedures in all aspects of drug total quality management and the handling of violations of the above provisions;
(4) Licensed pharmacists have the right to suggest or refuse to implement the decisions made by the leaders of enterprises and departments in violation of the Drug Administration Law and other laws and regulations, and report to their superiors;
(5) Licensed pharmacists have the responsibility to question prescriptions and the legal and professional responsibility to verify prescriptions;
(6) Licensed pharmacists have the responsibility to guide patients to use drugs;
(seven) licensed pharmacists can only practice in one unit, and be responsible for the business.
5.2 The main responsibilities of clinical pharmacists are as follows: (1) Clinical pharmacists have the responsibility to participate in the design and implementation of clinical drug treatment schemes, assist clinicians in drug selection and rational drug use, so that patients will not be hurt or reduced due to drug use, go deep into clinical departments to understand the drug use trends, and put forward suggestions for improvement of drug clinical application; $`) Attend rounds and consultations, participate in the treatment of critically ill patients and discuss medical records, and make suggestions on drug treatment; & ampW# i3 C 1 o9 can improve the level of clinical drug treatment and the quality of life of patients. S( N: j) w( d0 @0 U
(2) Clinical pharmacists have the responsibility to carry out pharmaceutical information and consulting services, provide relevant drug consulting services, and publicize the knowledge of rational drug use; (E8 @ 2c & amp； T & amp？ % d" M to carry out medication education, publicize and guide patients to use drugs safely. # G8 q 1 Z； I, ~ 8 b (m.e.
(3) Clinical pharmacists have the responsibility to carry out clinical pharmaceutical research, monitor therapeutic drugs, design individualized drug delivery schemes, and provide scientific monitoring or experimental data for improving the level of drug treatment. Combined with clinical medication, drug evaluation and drug utilization research were carried out.
(4) Clinical pharmacists have the responsibility to undertake hospital clinical pharmacy education, train pharmacists, doctors and community doctors, and carry out patient medication education. 6 ? 1 N！ o； w，p( T)
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(5) Clinical pharmacists have the responsibility to assist clinicians in clinical observation, collect, sort out, analyze and feed back drug safety information after new drugs are marketed; Instruct nurses to correctly ask for, keep and use drugs. 4 X6 F 1 6。 Licensed pharmacists and clinical pharmacists belong to different functional departments. Licensed pharmacists are managed by the State Administration of Pharmaceutical Products. Clinical pharmacists are managed by the Ministry of Health.