Psychological counseling is a process in which psychological counselors help visitors solve psychological
Psychological counseling is a process in which psychological counselors help visitors solve psychological problems. According to its nature, it can be divided into development counseling and health counseling. According to the scale, it can be divided into individual psychological counseling and group psychological counseling; According to the course of treatment, it is divided into short-term psychological counseling, medium-term psychological counseling and long-term psychological counseling; According to the psychological theoretical basis of psychological counseling, it can be divided into psychoanalytic counseling, behavioral psychological counseling, cognitive counseling and humanistic counseling. According to the forms of consultation, it can be divided into outpatient consultation, telephone consultation and network consultation.
Different schools of psychological counseling have different counseling goals, and the humanistic school takes self-realization as the counseling goal. For example, Maslow, a representative figure of humanism, believes that the ultimate goal of consultation is to help the seeker develop into a healthy, mature and self-fulfilling person. Rogers put forward that consultation should make the seekers independent, not too demanding, and the whole person can be better organized and integrated; Behaviorism school expects to help customers learn constructive behavior to change and eliminate unsuitable behavior, and the consulting goal is very specific; The counseling goal of psychoanalysis school is to realize the subconscious, reorganize the basic personality, help seekers relive their early experiences, deal with repressed conflicts and conduct rational exploration; The consulting goal of Gestalt School (Gestalt Theory) is to help seekers perceive the experience at the moment, inspire them to take responsibility, and support internally and resist the dependence on external support; The consulting goal of rational emotion school (rational emotion therapy) is to eliminate the outlook on life of self-failure for help seekers and help them live a more tolerant and rational life; The Institute of Interactive Analysis (TA) hopes to help those who seek help to have the freedom of creation and strategy, become independent people, choose and get in touch with the people they want to be, help them test their early decisions and make new decisions on the basis of consciousness. TA divides everyone into three parts, and everyone is transformed in three roles: P (parents), A (adults) and C (children), which correspond to the superego, ego and id of psychoanalysis. Realistic therapy school emphasizes guiding the help-seekers to learn true and responsible behavior and cultivate a sense of success. Help them evaluate their behavior and decide on a plan for change; As an independent discipline that studies the whole person, the goal of Nine Personality is to help the seekers to use the Nine Personality Atlas and realize their emotional habits, thinking habits, coping habits and psychological needs, so as to comprehend, understand and accept themselves and others, get rid of or alleviate their emotional troubles, and live and work more freely and easily.
? The research holds that all psychological counseling methods are effective, but only by carefully selecting the most appropriate counseling methods and methods according to different help seekers and their specific psychological problems can the greatest effect be exerted.
At present, it has not been found that any psychological counseling method is always superior to other methods, and there is no one method that can solve all kinds of different problems of various help seekers. Even if all the psychological counseling methods add up, plus first-class psychological counseling experts, there will always be some problems that are difficult to solve.
In fact, the counseling goals of various psychological counseling schools are not incompatible. For example, the above differences between humanism and behaviorism in consulting objectives are not antagonistic. In a sense, they just have different emphases and are at different stages of their goals.
Swiss psychologist Jung told us: Try your best to study your theory, but when you come into contact with the miracle of human living soul, you should put it down. No theory can determine everything except your own creative personal experience.