Open classification: geography, city, Henan, urban agglomeration
catalogue
Regional scope of central plains urban agglomeration
Three-level urban system of Zhongyuan urban agglomeration
strategic goals
Construction of Zhengzhou metropolitan area
Hierarchical optimization of urban system
Construction of city scale sequence
Optimization of spatial layout of urban system
In the process of urbanization, urban agglomeration is a city-regional system formed by several densely distributed cities at different levels and their hinterland through spatial interaction in a specific regional space with high urbanization level, with regional network organization as the link. The emergence of urban agglomeration is the product of the development of productive forces and the gradual optimization of production factors. Each urban agglomeration is generally centered on one or two central cities with relatively developed economy and strong radiation-driven functions, and consists of several neighboring cities with close spatial distance, close economic ties, complementary functions and orderly grades. The development of urban agglomeration can realize the optimal allocation of resources in a larger scope, enhance the radiation effect and promote the development of cities in urban agglomeration. The construction of urban agglomeration has become a major macro-strategy to promote regional development in China, and it is also the main way to promote the process of urbanization in China.
Regional scope of central plains urban agglomeration
With Zhengzhou as the center and Luoyang as the sub-center, it includes 23 cities and 34 counties including Kaifeng, Pingdingshan, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Luohe, Jiyuan, Gongyi, Xinmi, Yuzhou, Xinzheng, Yanshi, Xingyang, Dengfeng, Wugang, Ruzhou, Huixian, Weihui, Qinyang, Mengzhou and Changge. The land area is 58,700 square kilometers and the population is 39.5 million, accounting for 35.3% and 40.3% of the total land area and population of the province respectively.
Three-level urban system of Zhongyuan urban agglomeration
The first level is Zhengzhou metropolitan area, including Zhongmou and Zhengzhou-Bian integrated areas under Zhengzhou's jurisdiction.
The second level takes Zhengzhou metropolitan area as the center and Luoyang, Kaifeng, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, Kaifeng, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe, Jiyuan, Gongyi, Yuzhou, Xinzheng, Xinmi and Yanshi as the nodes, forming a close contact circle of the Central Plains urban agglomeration;
The third floor is the outer zone.
strategic goals
In the Strategic Conception of Central Plains Urban Agglomeration Development, the development goals of Central Plains Urban Agglomeration are: by 2020, non-agricultural industries will account for more than 95%, and urban population will account for more than 60% of the total population of the region; Build an important manufacturing base, energy base, modern logistics center and regional financial center in China, and the overall competitiveness of the industry will be significantly improved, and the concentration and carrying capacity of factors will be comprehensively enhanced; GDP accounts for more than 70% of Henan Province, which has established an important position in the central and western regions and even the national urban agglomerations, driving the development of the whole province and radiating the surrounding areas.
Construction of Zhengzhou metropolitan area
The scope of Greater Zhengzhou includes the urban area of Zhengzhou and its closely connected satellite cities. The basic idea is to upgrade Zhengzhou and strengthen the position, function and economic spatial organization of the core city. With the goal of developing into a national regional central city and the opportunity of building Zhengdong New District, efforts will be made to develop "three ports and five districts", so that its urban population will gradually increase to 5 million and become a regional central city with great influence in Central China. Xingyang city will be incorporated into Zhengzhou city, and it will be built and developed as an urban functional area. Highlight gongyi city's position in Zhengzhou's development and make it a supporting point between Zhengzhou and Luoyang; Adjust the administrative divisions, and bring the Qiaobei New District north of the Yellow River and some areas of Wenxian, Wuzhi and Yuanyang counties into the development scope of Zhengzhou, so as to realize cross-river development, and make Zhengzhou's population reach about 6.5438+million, making it a metropolis comparable to Wuhan, Xi 'an and Chengdu-Chongqing. Zhengzhou Central Group should focus on developing modern service industry and high-tech industry, and traditional industries should be transferred and spread to peripheral satellite cities. If Zhengdong New District is to develop into a central business district and a "new economy" gathering area, peripheral satellite cities such as Gongyi, Xinmi, Xinzheng, Zhongmou and Qiaobei New District should focus on developing industries, and * * * support Zhengzhou to become a functional area of industrial spatial organization center in Henan and even the central region. Strive to develop Zhengzhou into a modern metropolis integrating administration, commerce, transportation and tourism services in the near future.
Zhengzhou actively develops eastward and northward, focusing on the construction of Zhengdong New District (Putian Group), accelerating the development of Huayuankou Group, and continuing to do a good job in the construction of central city groups, Xu Shui groups and airport groups. The construction of urban blocks and roads strives to embody cultural characteristics, and the architectural modeling highlights individuality. The construction of new areas and the transformation of old cities put ecological construction in an important position, which embodies people-oriented. In 2005, Zhengdong New District basically formed a scale of 33 square kilometers, and it was completed in 20 1O years 150 square kilometers. In 2020, the population of Zhengzhou metropolitan area will reach 1 10,000,10.2 million. The population of the central city will exceed 5 million, and the urban area will be 500 square kilometers. Take the lead in eliminating the dual structure of Zhengzhou metropolitan area and build Zhengzhou into a modern city with perfect functions and beautiful environment.
Give full play to the location advantages of Zhengzhou as a transportation and information hub and build an important modern logistics center in China. Accelerate the pace of financial opening, attract Chinese and foreign financial institutions to set up branches in Zhengzhou, and build Zhengzhou into an important financial institution gathering area and regional financial center in China. Vigorously develop intermediary services such as accounting, taxation, lawyers, management consulting and engineering consulting, and build Zhengzhou into a city with concentrated intermediary institutions and strong competitiveness in the central and western regions of China. Accelerate the construction of institutions of higher learning and research institutes, actively develop tourism and cultural industries, and form an important regional science, education and cultural center in China.
Focus on the development of information product manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, biochemistry and food manufacturing, and form a pattern of coordinated development of capital-technology-intensive and labor-intensive industries, making Zhengzhou the core area of the modern manufacturing base of the Central Plains urban agglomeration.
Construction of urban system in Zhengzhou metropolitan area. Xingyang, Xinmi, Xinzheng, zhongmou county and Shangjie are 30-50km away from Zhengzhou, and Gongyi and Dengfeng are within 70km. Zhengzhou and seven neighboring cities (counties) are separated by farmland (urban agriculture) and green space, and the industries complement each other, forming a core-satellite city structure. Further speed up the construction of satellite cities such as Gongyi and Dengfeng, withdraw cities (counties) from districts in time, and improve the urban system of Zhengzhou metropolitan area.
Hierarchical optimization of urban system
1.20 10 urban system development
20 10 years ago, due to Henan province's urgent concern for the development of the Central Plains urban agglomeration, Kaifeng and Luohe, which have a good foundation in the east and south and have external radiation significance, are expected to become regional central cities, making the layout of sub-central cities in the urban system more reasonable.
Promote Jiyuan, Gongyi, Yuzhou and Yanshi, which have relatively strong economic development momentum, as regional sub-central cities to make up for the vacancy and strengthen and improve the third-level central city layer of the urban system.
In the same period, Weishi County, Changyuan County, Baofeng County, Wenxian County, Linying County, Xin 'an County and other counties with strong economic development strength are expected to be upgraded to county-level cities, and together with Ruzhou, Dengfeng and other local central cities, they will form a four-level central city layer of the urban system, and the urban layout tends to be relatively unified.
By 20 10, through the development and upgrading of various channels in different cities, a reasonable urban system hierarchy will be formed, with a total of 29 cities, and the proportion of the fourth-level central cities will be 3.5%, 20.7%, 24. 1% and 5 1.7% respectively, laying a framework for further optimization of the urban system structure.
2.2020 urban system development
After 20 10 years, with the continuous optimization and upgrading of the internal structure of the urban system, resources will be used efficiently, the economy, society and environment of urban agglomerations will develop in harmony, some cities will enter a new development stage, and the whole urban agglomeration will gradually move from an unbalanced development stage to a relatively balanced development stage.
In this process, a new pattern of "dual-core traction" with Zhengzhou as the main core and Luoyang as the sub-core will be formed in the central plains urban agglomeration area, and the overall driving force of the urban system will be greatly strengthened;
Xuchang should develop into a regional central city and form a complete circle around Zhengzhou with six regional central cities such as Luoyang;
Ruzhou, Wugang, Dengfeng and other local central cities with good economic development foundation are expected to develop into regional sub-central cities, and strengthen and improve the third-level central city layer of the urban system;
Aibo County, Luanchuan County, Yuanyang County, Wuzhi County, Mengjin County and other counties with rapid economic development are expected to be promoted to county-level cities before 2020, enriching the fourth-level central city layer of the urban system.
By 2020, through the development and upgrading of different cities, a relatively perfect urban system hierarchy will be basically finalized, with 34 cities, and the proportion of fourth-level central cities will be 5.9%, 20.6%, 26.5% and 47.0% respectively. The Central Plains urban agglomeration will basically form a "Central Plains platform" for the rise of Central China.
Construction of city scale sequence
In 2020, the optimization index of urban non-agricultural population will be established, and the ranking of urban non-agricultural population will be Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Kaifeng, Luohe, Xuchang, Jiyuan, Yuzhou, Xinzheng, Weihui, Gongyi, Ruzhou, Qinyang, Changge, Wugang, Xingyang, Huixian, Xinmi, Yanshi, Dengfeng and Mengzhou. * * * 34 cities, the total non-agricultural population of 34 cities reached 25 million.
The basic framework of the urban system of the Central Plains urban agglomeration is to build an urban system with Zhengzhou as the center, Luoyang as the sub-center, and other provincial capitals as the support, with coordinated development of large, medium and small cities, clear functions and orderly combination.
In 20 10, it is estimated that the population of Zhengzhou and Luoyang will reach over 4 million and 2.6 million respectively. Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo and Pingdingshan have a population of more than 1 10,000, and they have entered the ranks of megacities. More than 800,000 people in Xuchang and 600,000 people in Luohe have entered the ranks of big cities; Medium-sized cities with a population of more than 200,0001,and small cities with a population of less than 200,000/3 1.
In 2020, it is estimated that the population of Zhengzhou central city will exceed 5 million and become a national regional central city; The population of Luoyang city has reached 3.5-4 million; Xuchang and Luohe have also entered the ranks of megacities; Jiyuan, Yuzhou, Gongyi and Yanshi have entered the ranks of big cities; The scale of urban agglomeration has further developed and expanded, and it has achieved integrated development with surrounding cities.
Optimization of spatial layout of urban system
1 structural characteristics of spatial layout of urban system
Cities and towns are densely distributed. Central Plains urban agglomeration is the most densely populated area in central China, and the number of cities accounts for about 60% of the total cities in Henan Province. The average density of 23 cities is 3.9/ 10,000 km2, slightly lower than that of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (4/ 10,000 km2) and higher than that of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (2.9/ 10,000 km2). The distribution density of 43 1 town is 7.3/thousand km2, which is lower than that of Pearl River Delta (9.8/thousand km2) and higher than that of Yangtze River Delta (6.8/thousand km2).
The urban layout is centralized, and the traffic direction and hierarchy characteristics are obvious. The urban distribution has obvious fractal geometric characteristics, and the agglomeration dimension of the urban spatial distribution in this region is calculated to be 0.5 127 (the determining coefficient R2 = 0.979 1), which indicates that the urban distribution is highly concentrated and the urban regional distribution belongs to agglomeration type [20]. And the traffic directivity is very obvious. In addition, the urban distribution is outward with Zhengzhou as the core, which has obvious spatial distribution characteristics of the circle, which is conducive to the diffusion effect of the central city and the division and coordination of functions between cities.
First-class urban network pattern with four main arteries. One main shaft and three auxiliary shafts constitute four main arteries of the urban network of the Central Plains urban agglomeration, and those towns distributed on the transportation network composed of developed provincial roads and dense county and township roads constitute branches of the urban network. Numerous branches and four main arteries crisscross each other, forming the embryonic form of urban network. At the same time, the network branches in the eastern region are underdeveloped, the urban network density is relatively small, and the overall network function of urban agglomerations is reduced.
2. The goal of optimizing the spatial layout of urban system
Central Plains urban agglomeration is the key and core area of "strengthening the core, axial development and gradient promotion" in the urbanization strategy of Henan Province. Only by optimizing urban spatial layout and urban resource allocation can we enhance urban functions, expand advantageous industries and amplify the overall advantages of urban agglomerations. The goal of spatial layout optimization is to build a number of cities with distinctive characteristics, livable and suitable for industry, resource-saving and environment-friendly through more than ten years' efforts, and form a multi-level and network urban system; Promote the Central Plains urban agglomeration to become a modern urban agglomeration with perfect functions, great potential for sustainable development and integration of urban and rural development; Building the Central Plains urban agglomeration into the main platform for the province's opening to the outside world, connecting the east with the west and connecting the south with the north, forming an important growth pole for the economic development of the central and western regions, driving the rise of the Central Plains and promoting the rise of the central region; Establish the important position of the Central Plains urban agglomeration in the national urban agglomeration, and make it truly become the economic center and important urban agglomeration area of the Longhai-Lanxin belt in China. Accordingly, the spatial layout of urban system should generally reflect the central agglomeration, axis expansion and network connection pattern of urban spatial development, and focus on the future, and gradually form the spatial layout of urban system based on central cities at all levels, with rapid traffic trunk roads and industrial metropolitan areas as the development axis, and with the flow of various production factors, traffic and communication lines at all levels as the connection network.
3 urban system spatial layout optimization scheme
The optimization of the spatial layout of the central plains urban agglomeration should be divided into whole and part, and should also be emphasized in different stages of urban agglomeration development. Around 2020, the Central Plains urban agglomeration should strive to form a "two circles, two cores, four belts and one triangle" urban spatial layout and overall functional pattern.
Two laps. The first circle is Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area, and the second circle is the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration with Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area as the center and Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe, Jiyuan, Gongyi, Yuzhou and Xinzheng as the nodes. At present, the Central Plains urban agglomeration is forming a Zhengzhou metropolitan area with Zhengzhou as the center and seven neighboring satellite towns as the nodes, a close contact circle with several central cities except Zhengzhou as the nodes, and a peripheral radiation circle composed of other central cities in Henan Province except the Central Plains urban agglomeration, including some cities in neighboring provinces. Based on the hierarchical spatial distribution of urban circle, adopting the spatial integration development model of "circle layer" with Zhengzhou as the center should be the overall model to optimize the spatial layout of urban system.
Dual core. Namely Zhengzhou, the main core city, and Luoyang, the sub-core city. At present, relying on Zhengzhou to pull the Central Plains urban agglomeration and then pull the whole Henan Province is weak, which is bound to form a weak nuclear traction state. Moreover, it is unrealistic, even dangerous, to rapidly expand the scale of Zhengzhou in a short time, to "enhance" its comprehensive strength by administrative power, or to create a "commercial miracle" by "vigorously" developing the tertiary industry. In this situation, Luoyang, the ancient capital of the 13th Dynasty, which is 7 km west of Zhengzhou1/KLOC-0, has been an old industrial base city under national key construction since the "First Five-Year Plan", and naturally enters the sight of spatial layout optimization. If Zhengzhou is the main core and Luoyang is the sub-core, the situation of dual-core traction will be formed, and the rise of the Central Plains urban agglomeration and even the change of Henan Province's position in the rise of central China will be more convincing.
Four belts. The first belt is a compound development axis consisting of Longhai Railway, Lianhuo Expressway and National Highway 3 10 from east to west along the Yellow River. The second belt is a compound development axis composed of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and National Highway 107 from north to south. The third belt is a composite shaft composed of railways and highways connecting Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Jiyuan and Luoyang. The fourth belt is a composite shaft composed of Luofu Railway connecting Luohe and Pingdingshan and expressways under construction from Luoyang to Pingdingshan, Luohe, Zhoukou and Fuyang to Shanghai. Accordingly, Zhengzhou-Bianluo City Industrial Corridor (Longhai Industrial Development Zone), Xinzheng-Luo Jing-Guangzhou Industrial Axis, Xinjiao-Jinan Taihang Industrial Axis and Luoping-Luoping Industrial Axis will be built respectively. These four axes correspond to the four industrial development axes, which constitute four important "meridians" for the integrated development of the Central Plains urban agglomeration.
Triangle. Refers to Pingdingshan, Xuchang and Luohe as nodes, relying on their industrial development, forming a "growth triangle" that drives the southwest development of urban agglomerations. There is a growth polygon composed of Zhengzhou-Kaifeng-Xinxiang-Jiaozuo-Jiyuan-Luoyang in the north of Zhongyuan urban agglomeration, and a growth triangle composed of Pingdingshan-Luohe-Xuchang in the south. In contrast, Pingxuluo growth triangle in the south has convenient location conditions and good cooperation foundation, which can further strengthen the economic ties among the three cities, pay attention to industrial integration and infrastructure integration, realize integrated development, and form the "Golden Triangle" in the south of urban agglomeration.