First, the development and opening up of Pudong and its own industrial evolution track
After ten years of development and opening up, Pudong New Area has undergone remarkable changes in all aspects. In terms of comprehensive economic strength, in 1999, the GDP of Pudong New Area reached 80.05 billion yuan, 3.3 times higher than the 6 billion yuan in 1990, with an average growth of 2 1.3% in ten years. The proportion of Pudong New Area in the city's total GDP also rose to 19.8%.
Due to the rapid economic development, the economic and industrial forms in Pudong have also undergone significant changes:
-The economic form has changed from a unit economy with public ownership economy (state-owned economy and collective economy) as the main body to a diversified economy with modern enterprise system as the framework, diversified investment as the foundation, state-owned and state-controlled economy playing an active role, and various economic components prospering and developing together.
-The economic structure has changed from a traditional economy dominated by suburban agriculture with supporting processing and manufacturing industries to a modern economy supported by financial and trade services, high-tech industries and pillar industries.
-the industrial structure has changed from a single structure with secondary production as the main factor to a diversified structure with secondary production and tertiary production simultaneously.
-Pudong's functional radiation has changed from Shanghai's east-west linkage to its interaction with the Yangtze River basin, other parts of China and the international market. The development of Pudong has entered a new stage of simultaneous development of basic development and functional development, and simultaneous development of economic growth and social development. An export-oriented, multi-functional and modern prototype of the new urban area has been initially built on the east bank of Huangpu River.
Second, the positive role of Pudong development in Shanghai's industrial restructuring
Pudong's development and opening up has provided a rare historical opportunity and broad space for Shanghai's industrial restructuring. Different from the "isolated island" development model, the development and opening up of Pudong is closely linked with the adjustment of industrial structure in Shanghai as a whole. Under the guidance of the policy of "relying on Puxi, introducing the East to the West and linking the East and the West", Pudong relies on Shanghai's industrial base to promote its own industrial upgrading, and Shanghai also takes Pudong as the "leader" to promote industrial adjustment, achieving the effect of mutual promotion and accelerated development. It can be said that the process of Pudong's development and opening up for ten years is the process of Shanghai's industrial structure from adaptive adjustment to strategic adjustment, and it is also the process of Shanghai's industrial structure from adaptive high-speed adjustment to strategic adjustment. Pudong's development and opening up has played the following roles in the adjustment of Shanghai's industrial structure:
1. Make full use of foreign capital and cultivate new industrial growth points.
The decade of Pudong's development and opening-up is a period of global industrial restructuring. In the past ten years, Pudong has adhered to the all-directional, multi-level and wide-ranging opening up, and has continuously improved the level of attracting foreign investment. By the end of 1999, there were 5,942 foreign-invested enterprises from 67 countries and regions in Pudong, with a total investment of $29.443 billion and contractual foreign investment of1156.8 billion. Among them, 98 Fortune 500 companies have invested in the 18 18 project in Pudong, with a total investment of 8.6 billion US dollars. There are 479 large projects with an investment of 65.438+million dollars, with a total investment of 25.6 billion dollars. Pudong New Area has accounted for 28.8% of the city's total foreign capital utilization and 30% of the total number of projects. By grafting with foreign capital, Pudong New Area has become an important base for Shanghai's information industry, modern biomedical industry, home appliance manufacturing industry and automobile and parts manufacturing industry, and has also created a number of industries and enterprises in Shanghai that directly face the international market and have the ability to participate in international competition. Through the establishment of these industries and enterprises, Shanghai enterprises and products have participated in the global division of labor system, and Shanghai's export commodity structure has also been upgraded. Shanghai's total foreign trade exports increased rapidly from $53/kloc-0.70 billion in 65.438+0.90 to $ 654.38+0.99/kloc-0.8785 billion, an increase of 3.5 times. From the composition of export enterprises, the export of foreign-funded enterprises has accounted for 66% of the total export; From the perspective of export product structure, Shanghai's mechanical and electrical products accounted for 43.75% of total exports last year; The content of "Gao Shuang" products has also reached nearly 40%, which shows that the international competitiveness of Shanghai industry, especially industry, is rapidly improving.
2. Promote structural adjustment and industrial rationalization.
As an old industrial base, Shanghai's industrial structure was not reasonable at the beginning of Pudong's development and opening up, with the tertiary industry as the main industry and the tertiary industry as the low proportion. The proportion of traditional industries in the secondary industry is large, and the trend of high processing degree and high technology content is not obvious. Therefore, under the overall goal of developing Shanghai into an international economic, financial and trade center, Pudong's development strategy is positioned as "finance, trade and high technology first", and the two directions are the same. In the past ten years, Shanghai has adhered to the principle of optimizing market allocation, vigorously developed the tertiary industry and promoted the upgrading of the secondary industry, which has played a leading role in rationalizing the overall industrial structure in Shanghai. Pudong's facility agriculture, sightseeing agriculture and foreign exchange earning agriculture represented by Sun Qiao Modern Agricultural Development Zone are growing rapidly. The high-tech and pillar industries of Jinqiao Modern Industrial Park have begun to take shape, the innovative economy of Zhangjiang High-tech Park has begun to take shape, and the processing trade function of Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone has begun to show. With the functional construction of Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone, the agglomeration radiation effect of people flow, logistics, capital flow, technology flow and information flow began to play, and the financial and insurance industry became the pillar of the tertiary industry in Pudong New Area. Due to the rapid development of the primary industry in 1999, the proportion of the primary industry in Pudong's GDP reached 44. 1% last year, which promoted the average annual growth of the tertiary industry in Shanghai's GDP by 1.7 percentage points, and began to form a pattern in which the tertiary industry and the secondary industry jointly promoted economic growth. Judging from the development of Shanghai's secondary industry, during the adjustment period, 1.028 Shanghai industries went bankrupt and1.5000 people were laid off. Production in traditional industries such as textiles, light industry and nonferrous metals declined, while Shanghai's industry grew at an average annual rate of 14.5% in the same period. This reflects that the development of secondary production in Pudong is an extremely important new growth point, an extremely important incubator and an extremely important reservoir.
3. Celebrate the development trend of science and technology and promote high-tech industries.
As a development zone open to the outside world, the key to attracting foreign investment is to introduce advanced science and technology to promote the development of Shanghai's industry to high technology. In recent ten years, especially since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, Shanghai has built "One River and Three Bridges" (namely Zhangjiang, Jinqiao, Waigaoqiao and Sun Qiao) with the help of Pudong New Area, and entered a period of rapid development. Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park has made great efforts to promote the industrialization of high-tech and the construction of technological innovation system, and initially formed a new pattern of joint development of science and technology innovation zone, national biomedical science and technology industrial base, national microelectronics information industrial base and Shanghai Software Park. By the end of 1999, Zhangjiang Park had introduced 67 Chinese and foreign projects, with a total investment exceeding 10 billion US dollars. The four high-tech pillar industries in Jinqiao Export Processing Zone, which are mainly auto parts, electronic information, modern household appliances and biomedicine, rely on each other, and the cluster effect of traction radiation is obvious. The high-tech industrial belt has also opened up "dual channels" in the international and domestic markets, forming two national technology centers, Shanghai Bell and Shanghai Hitachi, and more than 40 high-level enterprise R&D centers. Through the radiation of Pudong, Shanghai Industrial System has established 70 key enterprise technology centers, including 23 national-level and 47 municipal-level ones. By digesting and absorbing international advanced technology, it has created domestic leading products, promoted the upgrading of traditional industries, and continuously improved Shanghai's industrial level, especially its industrial science and technology content. From 65438 to 0999, the output value of six pillar industries such as automobiles and communication equipment and high-tech industries has accounted for nearly 60% of Shanghai's total industrial output value, and Shanghai is constantly building new industrial highlands.
4. Provide new development space and promote the rationalization of Shanghai's industrial layout.
Judging from the spatial layout of traditional industries in Shanghai, industrial enterprises are mainly scattered in urban areas, which is not conducive to the overall development of urban functions, nor to the matching and scale of industrial enterprises and products. According to the requirement of building Shanghai into an international metropolis and the guiding ideology of "the urban area reflects Shanghai's prosperity and prosperity, and the suburbs reflect the strength and level of Shanghai's industry", Shanghai has made the adjustment decision of "retreating from two to three", that is, taking the inner ring line of the city center as the boundary, mainly developing urban industries within the inner ring line, developing urban industries, high-tech industries and supporting industries between the inner ring lines, and mainly developing industries such as steel, petrochemicals and automobiles outside the outer ring line. By 1998, more than 500 factories (workshops) had moved out of the inner ring 106 square kilometers of the central city, freeing up 3.5 million square meters for the development of the tertiary industry and urban infrastructure. In this new round of adjustment, on the one hand, through the ripple effect of Pudong's development policy, it will promote the development of Shanghai's financial, trade, information and other service industries and real estate industries, and serve the urban economy; On the other hand, Dong Qing New District, as the "leader" of Shanghai 1+3+9 industrial zone series, has built a number of new industrial zones, such as Jinqiao Export Processing Zone, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Gao Qiao Industrial Zone, etc., which has made Pudong rise to industries such as fine chemicals, biomedicine, electronics and communication equipment, reflecting the new situation of Shanghai's industry and industrial layout.
5. Give play to the new advantages of adjustment and promote enterprise reform and system innovation.
In the decade of Pudong's development and opening up, Shanghai is in a critical period of industrial restructuring. In order to adjust Shanghai's industrial structure, product structure and enterprise organization structure in time, Shanghai will give full play to the comprehensive functions of Pudong's development and opening up and provide a stage for enterprise system innovation. The establishment of a market system for the means of production such as oil, automobiles and steel with securities, futures, property rights, talents and real estate as the first level has provided a broad space for the reform of state-owned enterprises and the development of mixed economy in Shanghai.
A number of established state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises invested in Pudong and grafted with foreign capital economy, which promoted the industrial level and became an important force in building a new industrial highland in Shanghai. A group of state-owned enterprises have improved their capital structure by raising development funds in the capital market, and realized the reform of property rights system with the investment of many bad elements as the core; A group of state-owned enterprises have integrated in many aspects in the factor market, standardized the market advance and retreat behavior, and gradually strengthened the market mechanism of survival of the fittest; A number of state-owned enterprises began to adjust their industrial upgrading strategies and build production clusters of pillar industries. The spillover effect of technological progress between industries has promoted the overall progress of the industry. At the same time, the rapid development of a large number of mixed economies and non-public economies has also provided good social conditions for the reform and adjustment of state-owned enterprises, including capital grafting, industrial restructuring, and labor employment. According to statistics, in the past ten years, nearly 30% of the bankruptcy, merger and asset reorganization activities of industrial enterprises in Shanghai have been realized by relying on Pudong.
Third, further play the role of Pudong's development and opening up in Shanghai's industrial restructuring.
In the process of Shanghai's industrial structure adjustment, Pudong's development and opening up has played a leading, demonstrating and driving role, which has promoted the rationalization and upgrading of Shanghai's industrial structure. After ten years of construction, Pudong's development and opening up has entered a new period, and Pudong's development and opening up will face a new stage, a new situation and a series of influences brought about by China's accession to the WTO. From the perspective of industrial development, how Pudong New Area further strengthens the coordinated development with Shanghai's industrial structure, basically forms an industrial development system dominated by finance, trade and high-tech industries, and how to promote the upgrading of Shanghai's industrial structure needs further discussion and exploration. Here, I emphasize the following aspects for your reference only:
First, strengthen the interaction between East and West industries and define the orientation of Shanghai's industrial structure.
The industrial system in which Pudong participates can be divided into three rings, namely, the first ring is Pudong's own industrial space, the second ring is Pudong's integration into Puxi to form Shanghai's industrial space, and the third ring is Shanghai's entry into the national and global industrial system. Among these three rings, the key is to do a good job in the development of the second ring as a middle level. Generally speaking, Pudong's own industry should be adjusted and developed accordingly, but at the same time it should be consistent and coordinated with Shanghai's overall industrial policy. Therefore, in the overall industrial upgrading of Shanghai, we should guide Pudong's industrial orientation, give full play to its function as a comprehensive experimental zone, vigorously develop industries such as finance, information, communication, electronics and service trade, and enhance the proportion of tertiary industry and high-tech industry in Shanghai's total economic output. Because the development of Pudong is carried out in a relatively densely populated and economically developed area, it is necessary to increase the adjustment and technological transformation of traditional industrial enterprises with low technology content and poor product competitiveness in Pudong's own industries, quickly improve the grades of industries and products, and solve the problem of industrial convergence that still exists in Puxi, Pudong. At the same time, we will strengthen the industrial linkage and industrial policy planning in Pudong, provide a good environment for the utilization of foreign capital and industrial services, change the phenomenon of industrial structure convergence between Pudong and Shanghai to a certain extent, and give play to the leading role of Pudong New Area in industrial adjustment.
Second, in the face of the new situation of joining WTO, there is a big pattern of integration into international industries.
Because China has the highest market access, it is open to the outside world, and it is the first to integrate into the international economic integration. In the light of the new situation of China's accession to the WTO, Pudong will continue to play the role of a comprehensive experimental zone, continue to improve the investment environment, expand the fields of opening to the outside world, and create better conditions for attracting foreign investment.
We will continue to make good use of foreign capital directly, focus on attracting investment from multinational companies, encourage foreign capital to enter high-tech industries and tertiary industries, and vigorously introduce key industries and projects with high-tech content. At the same time, we should study the main form of international financing-indirect use of foreign capital, and actively attract international investment into the fields of finance, trade, insurance and so on. Attract foreign capital to participate in the reorganization of enterprise assets in Pudong and Shanghai, and increase the space for industrial restructuring in Shanghai. With China's entry into WTO, Pudong should not only boldly "bring in", but also give full play to its own advantages, actively "go out" and make use of both domestic and foreign resources and markets to accelerate its development. Therefore, with the help of Pudong policy, we should actively promote more than 1000 foreign trade companies to further explore the international market and expand exports; Promote all kinds of enterprises in Pudong to invest and set up factories abroad, set up technology centers, transfer industries, promote Shanghai enterprises and products, make use of Pudong's information advantages, actively cultivate all kinds of "going out" talents for Shanghai, and understand and master internationally accepted businesses, laws and rules.
Third, strengthen services for the whole country and play the role of "bridge" and "hub" for economic development.
In order to meet the needs of Shanghai's industrial adjustment and extension along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the whole country, it is necessary to highlight Pudong's function of serving the Yangtze River Delta and the whole country, improve the urban layout of "extending the periphery, radiating Jiangsu and Zhejiang and serving the whole country", and form the role of "window", "bridge" and "link" for Pudong to serve the whole country. At present, the state has put forward the strategy of developing the western region, which is both a challenge and a golden opportunity for Shanghai. In order to give full play to the radiation role of Pudong and Shanghai in the world economy and actively participate in the strategy of developing the western region, we should further improve the infrastructure network focusing on "airports, deep-water ports and information ports" and actively expand the functions of Shanghai and Pudong as transportation, communication and information hub ports. It is necessary to give full play to the role of Pudong's factor markets such as securities, finance and property rights trading, especially through the establishment of emerging factor markets such as diamond trading and gold trading, so as to form the service functions of Shanghai and Pudong in terms of funds, projects and factor allocation; Strive to improve Pudong's advantages in talent introduction, training and scientific and technological development, and make Pudong and Shanghai become national talent bases and scientific and technological industrialization bases facing the market economy. Give full play to Pudong's functions of exhibition, consultation and tourism, and make Pudong and Shanghai become the meeting point and "window" of goods, culture and information at home and abroad. At the same time, it is necessary to further create conditions, improve the service environment, and do a good job in attracting domestic enterprises and large group headquarters to settle in Pudong, so that Pudong will become a national Pudong and Shanghai enterprises will become national enterprises.
Fourth, in the face of the future industrial competition trend, Pudong will become a hot spot for technological innovation and high-tech industrialization.
From the perspective of industry, especially industrial development, after a country or region has completed heavy industrialization and high processing level, its industrial structure should evolve to high technology, and the sustainable industrialization of high technology is the key goal.
Combined with the development stage of Shanghai's economy, the next step is to make full use of Pudong's unique advantages, take the lead in transforming Pudong from technology introduction to technological innovation, and make Pudong a "leader" in Shanghai's industrial and technological innovation. In terms of industrial upgrading and structural optimization, we should take the development of high-tech industries as the guide, promote the comprehensive penetration of high-tech into traditional industries, strive to cultivate advantageous industrial clusters, and build a modern industrial system composed of strategic industries, pillar industries, urban industries and knowledge-based industries, so that Pudong can play a demonstration, radiation and driving role in industrial upgrading. At the same time, it is necessary to form a gathering situation of four types of scientific and technological innovation institutions, namely, "internal, external, private and small", and comprehensively create the concept of "Science and Technology Pudong". Actively attract domestic enterprises and research institutes to settle in Pudong, and encourage domestic enterprises to set up R&D centers in Pudong; Actively attract foreign capital to set up a regional R&D center in Pudong, and encourage foreign capital to participate in R&D institutions of enterprises; Create conditions for private scientific and technological enterprises to form high-tech enterprise groups in the form of partnership and shareholding system; Actively encourage scientific and technological personnel and young scientific and technological personnel of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to start businesses in Pudong, and form a group of scientific and technological enterprises with dumbbells and brains.
In order to support the above-mentioned scientific and technological innovation forces, Pudong and Shanghai will concentrate on building Zhangjiang High-tech Park, and strive to expand the functions of Zhangjiang High-tech Park in R&D innovation, incubation and entrepreneurship, radiation transformation and mechanism innovation, so as to make Pudong a base for scientific and technological innovation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements in Shanghai and even the whole country.