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A Dream of Red Mansions:
A Dream of Red Mansions vividly and truly depicts a picture of the decline history of aristocratic families through the activities of various characters, the collusion and contradiction of court nobles, the kudzu vine of various men and women in love, and the daily life and trivial matters in the family. The historical significance and artistic value of the historical tragedy of A Dream of Red Mansions are not simply based on the failure of love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, but mainly based on exposing the arrogance and extravagance of aristocratic families. Due to all kinds of corruption and evil, Qin Keqing's prediction that "the tree falls apart" was fulfilled, and the structure of A Dream of Red Mansions was transformed from the joyful form of the old novel, creating a very high tragic aesthetic value. In China's classical novels, there are few other works that can be compared with A Dream of Red Mansions in terms of completeness of structure and fine layout.
The great achievement of A Dream of Red Mansions is that in this genealogical novel, it boldly exposes the extravagant life of consorts and nobles in the monarchical era, and points out their hypocrisy, fraud, greed, decay and spiritual and moral degradation. It not only points out the inevitable collapse and death of that family, but also implies the inevitable collapse and death of the society to which that family belongs. But to do this, we must have rich life experience, subtle and in-depth observation, and through superb language skills and beautiful artistic skills, we can vividly describe the essence of that family and the real images of various characters in the field.
Cao Xueqin happens to have this kind of material, which not only has a high degree of literary accomplishment, but also has a deep foundation of aristocratic family life; So what he wrote about Jia Fu is both true and concrete. The lifestyle of wealthy families, the words and deeds of various characters, as well as housing, equipment, food and clothing, are all written in a concrete and vivid way, which almost dazzles readers.
It would be a big mistake if readers only pay attention to this flashy life and ignore the poverty of farmers who support this family economically. You know, for the luxury and greed of the Jia family, many families have lost money, many families have sold their children, and many young girls have become domestic slaves and maids of the Jia family. On the one hand, the Jia family's economic source is public funds, on the other hand, extortion and usury. The Jia family's dizzying enjoyment of food and clothing is actually the essence of people. And those poor households in debt can't stand oppression because they can't meet the demands of landlords. As a result, some sell industries and some sell daughters. Those girls can't resist, they can only resent their slave life. Baoyu once saw Aron's sister was beautiful and wanted to take her home. Aaron sneered, "I'm just a slave. Can't even my relatives be slaves?" "This is how sad, how painful.
When we read A Dream of Red Mansions, it is very incorrect if we only pay attention to the lively scenes of Yingying and Yanyan, and even envy the clothes and diet of Pinger girls who attack people, without paying attention to their mental pain and poor slavery. Let's imagine that these lovely girls, Jinchuan, Qingwen, Yuanyang, Second Sister You and You Sanjie, have all become victims of the slutty and absurd ghosts of the Jia family. When describing them, Cao Xueqin touched their pure hearts with a very sympathetic tone in the extremely ugly reality. Let readers feel extremely disgusted with the evil virtues of those playboys.
Cao Xueqin showed Jia's group of fatuous and stubborn bureaucrats, hypocritical and stubborn conservative ideas, and those arrogant, extravagant, insidious and decadent dudes in various colors without mercy, vividly and concretely showing them to readers. Most of the luxurious "ladies" who come and go in the Jia family are intoxicated and can't see the ghostly shadow of the sun. They don't know the hard source of a grain of rice and a foot of cloth, the function of plowing cattle and hoeing the ground, they are rich and powerful, pampered and don't do a serious thing. Some are just "drinking today, watching flowers tomorrow, gambling and whoring, and doing whatever you want"; Some are "communicating with the government, taking legal action, raping commoners and exploiting by usury". Jia Lian and his wife, Jia Zhen and his son are typical of this kind of characters. Cao Xueqin described them with the most realistic brushwork and hatred. It's really written with pen and ink and tears. As Jiao Da said, "I don't know anything about giving birth to these animals and actually raising a brother-in-law every day. We broke our arms and hid them in our sleeves. "The author of" A Dream of Red Mansions "scolded the Jia family. In this genealogical novel, Cao Xueqin describes the history of the rise and fall of aristocratic families in the monarchy in such a profound and subtle way that readers can clearly understand that A Dream of Red Mansions is an epic, an epic of the demise of aristocratic giants.
Cao Xueqin's era is a famous literary inquisition era. During the Kang, Yong and Gan Dynasties, literary inquisitions, large and small, were really continuous, with many dead people and wide involvement, which was rare in previous history. Although Cao Xueqin was a standard-bearer, he had to worry about the terrible ethnic discrimination and oppression policies of the Qing rulers. Although he didn't "interfere in the imperial court" in A Dream of Red Mansions, and didn't blatantly criticize the supreme ruling authorities, he skillfully reflected the dark and decadent politics of the Qing Dynasty through the social relations and personnel relations of the Jia family. Jia Yucun, a sycophantic and corrupt bureaucrat, has been endowed with a very profound typical significance of local officials in Qing Dynasty by the author. Because he is good at finding opportunities, he finally succeeded in his official career through the personnel relationship between Lin Ruhai and Jia Zheng. At first he was inexperienced and timid. Later, the greater the courage, the darker the conscience. Flattery to the powerful is a slave; He who oppresses the people is the king of hell. He did a lot of unnatural things, as can be seen from the two cases of Feng Yuan and Stone Idiot.
Xi- feng is a housekeeper "grandma", bold and tough, with a sour face and a hard heart. "I'm afraid I have ten thousand brains." She not only holds the personnel and economic power of the Jia family, but also extends to all aspects of society with the strength of the family. She said frankly, "It doesn't matter if we sue our family for rebellion." So bold, she can't do anything terrible? In the process of Wang Fengjie seizing power in Tiejian Temple, she showed an ugly face. She colluded with the government, broke up a happy marriage for 3.2 thousand silver, and killed two people.
Although the author of A Dream of Red Mansions repeatedly declared that he would not interfere in politics, he skillfully reflected the social and political corruption in the Qing Dynasty through the complicated social relations of that family, and reflected all kinds of collusion, evil deeds and crimes of murder for money between aristocratic giants and local officials. In Qing society, Jia Yucun and Guang Yun were by no means individual, but universal. Jia She and Feng are powerful people not only in the Jia family, but also in all prominent families. The greater their universality, the more they can reflect the darkness of politics and the hardships of people's livelihood. These vivid descriptions make A Dream of Red Mansions a great literary masterpiece.
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Dream of Red Mansions
abstract
A Dream of Red Mansions is set in four families: Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue. The story consists of two contradictory clues, primary and secondary.
One is centered on the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, which runs through the book. It takes the contradiction between Jia and Lin's thought of fighting for freedom of love, independence of marriage and liberation of personality and feudal system and feudal ethics as a clue, and ends with Jia and Lin's complete betrayal of feudal system and feudal ethics and the tragic ending of love.
From the third and fourth times, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai came to Jiafu one after another, and their love entanglements with Baoyu began to form and developed in contradictions. Until the 97th and 98th chapters, Daiyu and Baochai were completely different in mourning and joy. Under the strong contrast between mourning and joy, one "left the soul to hate the sky" and the other "became a bride's gift", which ended in tragedy, which was the climax of the main line and the focus of realizing the theme of the book. After the second1turn, it is the aftermath of the climax, the decline of the plot, and the ending stage. At this stage, Jia Jia was copied and won a reflective situation. At last Baoyu escaped into an empty door, and the book was over.
Judging from this main line, the root cause of Jia Helin's love tragedy is that under the shackles of feudal system and ethics, young men and women can't love and marry independently, but rely on the wishes of feudal parents. Specifically, the love and marriage between Jia and Lin was not based on their personal will, but was decided by the authorities who thought they represented based on the interests of the feudal class. Her "pain" for Lin Daiyu is only based on the relationship of flesh and blood, and she doesn't like her "self-restraint", "dust-free" and "smallness" that don't meet the requirements of feudal ethics. The "love" for Xue Baochai is based on her "extreme" feudal character, especially her character of "keeping up with the times with an open mind" which meets the requirements of feudal morality. So I finally chose Xue Baochai and abandoned Lin Daiyu. As a result, three tragedies were caused at the same time: Lin Daiyu endured the last tear for love and died with hatred; Jia Baoyu finally abandoned the "land of tenderness and wealth" and fled into an empty net; Although Xue Baochai became Fu Rong's "second grandma", she didn't really win love, and she was accompanied by her life's desolation and loneliness. She and Lin Daiyu are just two bitter melons with different properties on the same feudal poison vine.
This main line exposes the evils of feudal system and feudal ethics; It also praised the rebellious spirit of young men and women against feudal ethics.
Another claim line in A Dream of Red Mansions is a sub-line centered on Ningfu, Rongfu and their social relations, which consists of several independent and interrelated plots. It takes the oppression of the feudal class, the contradiction between the hierarchy and the feudal system itself caused by the parasitic, decadent and decadent life of feudal adherents as the clue, the contradiction of the feudal system itself caused by the Jia family as the clue, and the decline of the Jia family as the ending, which not only constitutes the social background of the main line, but also leads to the same goal with the main line, prompting and whipping the evil of the feudal system.
Appreciation and evaluation
A Dream of Red Mansions has made brilliant achievements in art, and the author is good at depicting characters in many ways through daily life details and various life events. This book describes hundreds of people of different classes and strata, different ages and genders, different appearances and personalities. Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, Shi Xiangyun, You Sanjie, Qingwen, Wang Xifeng, and Xue Baochai all have distinct personalities. The novel is large in scale, novel and ingenious in structure, coherent from beginning to end and seamless. It marks the perfection and maturity of Zhang Hui's novels. The novel language is beautiful and vivid, the image is vivid and vivid, the characters can be seen and painted, and the colors are colorful; When painting, you can hear singing and whispering, which marks the highest achievement of China's classical literary language. The works also show the author's rich knowledge and unique views on cooking, medicine, poetry, novels, painting, architecture, drama and other cultures and arts.
The achievements of A Dream of Red Mansions in thought and art are inexhaustible. To truly appreciate its beauty, we must open our books and think again and again. A dream of red mansions is a flower city of life and a kaleidoscope of art. As long as you step into it, you will find endless gorgeous flowers inside.