On the eve of the demise of the State of Jin, the river went from bad to worse, and the territory of my hometown in Northeast China had fallen, but the area around Henan was still under control, so I had no choice but to move south.
The Rise of Jin State and the Capital's Southward Movement
The state of Jin was founded by the Jurchen nationality, and they really originated in the northeast. During the Liao Dynasty, the Jurchen nationality occupied a large territory north of the Yalu River and Changbai Mountain and south of Heilongjiang. 1 1 14 A.D., Jin Taizu rose up against the Liao State, and the Jin State was established the following year, with its capital in Huining House [now Acheng, Harbin, Heilongjiang].
In A.D. 1 125, the State of Jin perished the State of Liao. Subsequently, the State of Jin invaded the Northern Song Dynasty non-stop, and captured Huidi and the King of Qin in 1 127, which destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty. After the shame of Jingkang, the prestige of Jin reached its peak, and the Southern Song Dynasty, Xixia, North Korea and other countries were honored as courtiers.
After the state of Jin developed from a corner in the northeast to a regime that dominated East Asia, in A.D. 1 153, Wan Yanliang, the king of Hailing, moved to Yanjing [now Beijing]. When King Hailing moved the capital to Yanjing, he also cancelled his post and title in yamen, calling it Huining House. As a result, Beijing declined, the political center of Jin moved south to Yanjing, and the dominant position of Northeast China gradually weakened.
The Rise of Mongolia and the Loss of Northeast China
After dominating East Asia, the State of Jin has been constantly conquering neighboring regimes by force, and at the same time, it has savagely implemented the salary reduction policy in Mongolia, constantly provoking conflicts among Mongolian tribes. This has also aroused the dissatisfaction of most neighboring countries with Xu Jinguo.
In A.D. 1206, Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian ministries and prepared to attack the State of Jin. At that time, Genghis Khan took the lead in attacking Xixia in order to eliminate worries. Xixia lost to Mongolia, so he turned to Xu Jin for help, but Di Chin Hongyan turned a blind eye. In the end, Xixia fell to Mongolia, and Genghis Khan eliminated his worries and prepared to attack Xu Jin with all his strength.
In 12 1 1 year, Genghis Khan launched 100,000 Mongolian fighters to attack the state of Jin, and the state of Jin encountered 400,000 troops. In the end, the Jin army was defeated by the Wild Tiger Ridge, and the Mongolian army surrounded Zhongdu [Beijing]. Fortunately, the capital was strong, and the Mongols could not break it, so they retreated.
In A.D. 12 12, the Mongolian army went south again and surrounded Datong Prefecture in the west of Shanxi. At this time, a serious rebellion broke out in Xu Jin. Yeluge, a Khitan, fought against Meng in the northeast, and the nomads from the northeast were defeated again and again. In desperation, after Jin Xuanzong succeeded to the throne, he chose to make peace with Mongolia. After the Mongolian peace talks were reached, Mongolia withdrew.
After Mongolia retreated, Jin Xuanzong wanted to move the capital to Kaifeng. However, this move was strongly opposed by people of insight in the state of Jin. They thought that the southward movement of the capital would definitely lead to greater chaos in the northern territory, and even Mongolia would use this as an excuse to go south again.
However, Jin Xuanzong was frightened by Mongolia. In a state of anxiety, he didn't consider the gains and losses of the northern territory at all, and finally chose to move the capital to Kaifeng regardless of everyone's dissuasion.
After Jin Xuanzong moved to the capital, the situation in Northeast China changed suddenly. Pu Xian Wannu, who was originally sent to suppress Yeluge, rebelled, became independent in Liaodong and established a real country in East China. At this point, Xu Jin's troops basically withdrew from the northeast.
The feud between the Jin State and the Southern Song Dynasty and its demise
When Emperor Xuanzong of Jin moved south, he not only lost his hometown in the northeast, but also the rule of Shandong and Hebei was in jeopardy. At this time, the areas that Jin Guo can effectively rule are limited to Henan and Guanzhong. At that time, the Yellow River was diverted, and disasters occurred frequently in the area actually ruled by the State of Jin, and the national strength plummeted.
Jin Guo, whose national strength is declining, is on the verge of collapse under the constant attack of Mongolia. In desperation, he was prepared to adopt the policy of "losing the north to make up for the south", that is, plundering the land lost to Mongolia from the Southern Song Dynasty.
At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court was also making corresponding policies for the rise of Mongolia. Everyone thinks that the rise of Mongolia is more terrible than the state of Jin, so everyone thinks that we should not unite Mongolia to resist gold, but we should unite gold to resist Mongolia, but the Southern Song Dynasty stopped the old coins first.
At this time, the state of Jin was extremely vicious, ignoring the voice of domestic support for the state of Jin in the Southern Song Dynasty, and began to attack the Southern Song Dynasty with its final national strength, but the result was flatly rejected. It led to the complete fall of the Southern Song Dynasty to Mongolia and jointly attacked the State of Jin with Mongolia.
1At the end of 232, Jin Aizong gave up Bianjing and moved to Germany. Jin Aizong fled to Cai Zhou because the Mongols were in hot pursuit. An hour before the fall of Caizhou City, the legend of Jin Aizong was located in the last emperor of the Jin Dynasty, and then both of them were executed, and the State of Jin was declared extinct. The late Jin emperor also became the emperor with the shortest reign time in history.
Judging from the rise and fall of the State of Jin, the reason why the State of Jin moved south was that Yanjing gradually relaxed its management of the Northeast after it became the capital, which led to chaos in the Northeast.
Secondly, because the south is far away from Mongolia, it can temporarily avoid Mongolia's attack. Finally, the state of Jin also planned to attack the Southern Song Dynasty in an attempt to continue the regime by relying on the policy of "making up for the losses in the north". As a result, the policy of transporting goods from the north to the south accelerated its demise.