One is the hive, nest frame, nest base, honey shaker, scraper, face net, smoke sprayer, partition and other appliances.
At present, the hive standard box widely used in China is 10 frame standard box, also known as Langshi hive. It consists of 10 nest frame, box body, box bottom, door panel, sub-cover, box cover and partition. Ten-box: it can be made of durable wood such as red and white pine, Chinese fir and poplar. The thickness of the plate is not less than 2 cm. The inside of the box is 465 mm long, 380 mm wide and 245 mm high, and there is a handle on the outside of the front and rear walls for easy handling. A notch with a width of 8 mm and a depth of 25 mm is opened at the upper part of the inner side of the front and rear walls, and an iron guide rod is nailed to the notch, and the upper edge of the guide rod is 17 mm away from the upper edge of the box. 2. Box cover A and beehive cover B (auxiliary cover) gauze cover. 3. The bottom of the box.
Second, the bee collection
The breeding and management of bees have many uses. In addition to beehives, there are also nest bases, honey dispensers, face nets, scrapers, bee brooms, king partition boards and so on. Are all necessary. According to the scale of bees, other appliances for producing royal jelly and bee pollen can be purchased as needed.
1. Bird's Nest Foundation
Nest foundation is the foundation installed in the nest frame for bees to build nests and spleen. It is made of artificial beeswax sheets and pressed by a nest foundation machine, and has a plate foundation with a nest bottom and a nest wall. There is a beehive foundation for raising European bees; The foundation of drone house for producing drone pupae; China bee hive foundation. The nest spleen built by the nest base is neat, flat and strong, and there are few unmanned computer rooms.
2. Surface grid
Face net is an instrument to protect the operator's head and neck from bee sting when managing bee colony.
Step 3 lift the scraper
Special tools for beekeeping. A machete at one end and a flat knife at the other. Use it to pry, scrape and shovel things. For example, pry the auxiliary cover and scrape the dirt in the hive and on the nest frame.
4. Smoke sprayer
It is a tool to subdue or drive away bees. It consists of a chimney and a cage. When using, light paper, hay or linen, put it in the chimney, cover your mouth, and encourage the bellows to spray smoke, but don't spray fire.
5.bee broom
It is mainly used for cleaning bees attached to bee tools such as beehives, spleens, boxes and king racks. It is a long fan-shaped brush. Generally, there are two rows of bristles, 65 mm long, made of white horse hair or ponytail hair that is not easy to absorb water.
6.bee droppings
Bee tools and notebooks for management can be placed. Sit on a stool while checking bees.
7. King separation board
The partition board is a grid board to control the queen bee's oviposition and activity, which strictly divides the bee colony into insect breeding area and honey producing area, so that larvae, pupae, pollen, etc. will not be mixed with honey, and worker bees can pass freely. 14 lead wire partition board is durable and not easy to deform; The gap between the two leads is about 4.4 mm, which the queen bee can't pass through, but it is expensive. Bamboo wire partition board made of bamboo wire with a diameter of 7.5 mm is easy to obtain materials, easy to process and low in cost in the south, but it is poor in firmness and easy to deform. Partition board is divided into plane partition board and frame partition board. The plane partition separates the insect breeding nest from the honey storage box, which is convenient for taking honey and improving the quality of honey. A frame partition board is inserted in the beehive, which can control the queen bee to lay eggs on several spleens.
8. Feeding utensils can be used to supplement honey, syrup or water. Commonly used are:
(1) Nest door feeder, also known as bottle feeder, consists of a jar and a base. A number of small holes are nailed on the bottle cap, and the bottle filled with honey juice is inverted and inserted into the base. At atmospheric pressure, honey juice can be sucked out by bees without dripping. At night, the feeding base of the nest door is inserted into the nest from the nest door, which is suitable for rewarding feeding and avoiding bee theft. For weak groups who are not full, they can be fed outside the partition in the hive. The plastic cup feeder developed by the beekeeping farm of Hebei Agricultural University is easy to carry. After filling with syrup, cover the bottom cover, turn the bottom cover down and lay it flat, and insert it into the nest from the nest door.
(2) Frame feeder
It is a long and flat trough, similar in size to a standard nest frame. There are wood, plastic and thick bamboo. There is a single board floating body in the feeder for bees to stand when feeding, and the frame feeder is suitable for supplementary feeding. In addition, the beams on the nest frame are chiseled into rectangular shallow grooves, which can also be fed as a small amount of honey.
(3) nest top feeder
It is a large feeder placed on a beehive, about the size of a shallow elephant trunk. It is suitable for emergency supplementary feed and overwintering feed, and can hold 5 ~ 10 liter of syrup at a time.
9. queen bee aspirator
There are several kinds of queen bee bait commonly used, such as wooden bait, safety bait and frame bait.
(1) wooden sleeve inducer
The wooden sheath inducer is a flat iron sarong, with a small hole in the cork at one end and a drawable iron sheet. A thin board is inserted into the open end of the iron sarong.
(2) The safety inducer, also known as spleen-detaining inducer, is a rectangular silver gauze cage. The lower part of the four walls has teeth made of iron sheets, which can be pressed into the nest spleen, and the lower part has iron sheets that can be pulled out.
(3) Full-frame inducer
The frame is made of wood or iron plate, and two large sides are equipped with lead wires. Its internal width is about 43 mm and its height is 245 mm, which is just enough to fit into a nest spleen with a drawing board on it.
(4) queen bee cage
It is a rectangular cage made of lead wire, with a volume of about 23 meters ×33 mm× 50 mm. There is a round hole on the iron wall above, which can hold the queen bee platform or queen bee. A sliding iron cover is arranged on the round hole, and an openable wooden feed trough is arranged at the lower part, and refined sugar can be filled in the trough. It can be used to lure queen bee or queen bee, and it can also be used to imprison queen bee. In recent years, the queen bee cage made of bamboo silk has been widely used. Plastic sheets with holes drilled around them are used as the upper and lower ends, and bamboo filaments with a diameter of 2 mm are inserted into the holes to form a rectangular cage with a volume of about 20 mm× 33 mm× 50 mm. The spacing between each bamboo filament is 3 mm, and one bamboo filament is long, movable and drawable, and the queen bee can be placed here. Mostly used in late autumn or winter, the queen bee of the bee colony is put into a bamboo-silk queen bee cage, which makes the queen bee stop production and is convenient for preventing and controlling bee mites.
Third, the species of bees
Choose bees. At present, the main bee species raised are the hybrid bee species of Italian bee and black bee strain. The first time you keep bees, you usually buy about four boxes, three to four boxes. This kind of bee can be kept.
Oriental bee
There are many natural species of oriental bees, such as Indian bees, Java bees, Japanese bees and China bees.
Chinese bee is an indigenous bee in China. Worker bee length 10 ~ 12 mm; The ventral backboard is black with obvious or inconspicuous brownish yellow rings. In high latitudes and high mountains, the belly of bees is dark; At low latitudes, the color of the plain is yellow. The whole body is covered with short gray fluff. The beak is 4.5 ~ 5.6 mm long. The length of UAV is 1 1 ~ 14 mm, the body color is black or dark brown, the body surface is covered with gray fluff, the queen bee is l4 ~ 19 mm, and the body color is black and dark yellow fluff.
Worker bees have a keen sense of smell, find honey sources quickly, are good at using sporadic honey sources, fly quickly, collect actively, do not collect glue, and wax contains no glue. Strong resistance to bee mites, strong theft, strong bee separation, lack of honey source or easy to fly away when pests and diseases attack. Weak resistance to nest worms, love to bite the old nest spleen. Susceptible to cystic larval disease and European larval disease. The queen bee's oviposition ability is weak, and the daily oviposition rarely exceeds 1000, but it can be adjusted quickly according to the change of honey powder source conditions. The loss of queen bee in the bee colony is easy to cause worker bees to lay eggs.
Chinese bee is a native bee species in China, which has strong adaptability to local climate and honey source conditions and stable output, and is suitable for local breeding, especially in the southern mountainous areas, and has an irreplaceable position for other bee species.
(b) western bees
There are three types of western bees: European, African and Middle Eastern. All the domestic western bees belong to the European type, and we often call them European bees.
1, Italian bee
The Italian bee is a yellow variety. The webbed worker bees are yellow with chitin, and there are yellow bands at the front edge of the backboard of the second to fourth abdominal segments. Body length 12 ~ 14 mm, light yellow fluff; The beak is 6.2 ~ 6.9 mm long. The ability to divide bees is weak and can maintain a strong colony; Good at collecting lasting honey sources. Quickly strengthen the spleen and produce more wax. Mild temperament, not afraid of light, when checking the spleen, bees are very quiet. Strong resistance to nest worms. Italian bees are easy to get lost in their nests, love to be thieves and have weak resistance to bee mites. The queen bee has a strong ability to lay eggs, and the worker bees secrete a lot of royal jelly, which has a strong feeding ability. From spring to autumn, they can maintain a large area of spleen and maintain a strong group potential.
Italian bee is the main bee species in China. Its wintering performance is not as good as that of Northeast Black Bees and other European Black Bees. Italian bees are kept all over the country except that it is difficult for them to spend the summer in the subtropical region of South China, and Tibet does not breed.
2. luis carniglia canis
Italian bees are similar in size and shape to Italian bees, with black webbed skin, gray fur on the body surface and a beak length of 6.4 ~ 6.8 mm. Kappa bees are good at collecting early honey sources in spring and early summer, and can also use sporadic honey sources. Strong bee isolation, cold resistance, strong orientation and less glue collection. Mild temperament, not afraid of light, bees are very quiet during spleen examination. The queen bee has a strong ability to lay eggs, and the bee colony develops rapidly in spring. During the main honey collection period, the queen bee's spawning is easily limited by the amount of honey collected, which makes the spawning circle compressed. 3. Carpathian bees
It is a native species of Carnivora with the same morphological and biological characteristics as Carnivora.
3. Black bees in northeast China
Black bees in Northeast China raised in Heilongjiang Province. It is a hybrid of carnivores and European black bees, and mixed with the blood of Italian bees. The body shape is similar to that of Carnivora, the dorsal plate of abdominal segment is black, the fluff is gray, the average beak length is 6.4 mm, and it is weak in bee division, cold-resistant, gentle in temperament and not afraid of light. The queen bee has a strong ability to lay eggs, and the bee colony develops rapidly in spring. She is good at collecting honey sources with large amounts of honey.
4. European black bee
Worker bees are 12 ~ 15 mm long, with thick abdomen and black backboard. Some of them have yellowish brown spots on the backboard of the second and third abdominal segments, and their villi are dark brown, with an average beak length of 6.4 mm. Collect a lot of chewing gum, afraid of light, bees crawling around during inspection. The queen bee has a strong ability to lay eggs, and the population trend develops smoothly in spring. She is good at collecting the main honey sources in summer and autumn. European black bees raised in Yili, Xinjiang, China are also called Xinjiang black bees, and most of them have been interbred with Italian bees.
(3) High-yield bees bred in China.
1. Zhejiang Agricultural University 1 Italian bee species
Zhejiang Agricultural University 1 Italian bee variety is a double high-yield Italian bee variety bred by College of Animal Science of Zhejiang Agricultural University, Bee Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bee Department of Fujian Agricultural University and Peking University College of Life Sciences. Won the second prize of national invention, and 1995 was the gold medal of the second China Agricultural Fair. According to expert identification, the royal jelly yield of Zhejiang Agricultural University 1 bee is obviously higher than that of other bee varieties (strains) raised in China. In spring, the population potential growth rate is large, and more pollen is collected and utilized; The honey yield is equivalent to that of other Italian bee strains, and changes have also taken place in morphology and isozyme. It is a double high-yield variety of royal jelly and honey. In early spring, 1 kg bee (4-frame bee) can produce 4 kg royal jelly within 7-8 months.
2. Baishan No.5 three-way bee
Baishan No.5 triple cross bee is an excellent hybrid bee successfully bred by Jilin Institute of Beekeeping Science and won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award. Compared with the common Italian bee, the fertility of Baishan No.5 triple-cross bee is high 18%, the honey production is increased by more than 30%, the royal jelly production is increased by more than 20%, the weakening rate of overwintering population is reduced by 10%, and the overwintering feed consumption is reduced by 25%. It has the advantages of rapid proliferation, strong population potential, high yield, low consumption and safe wintering.
3. High-yield hybrid varieties
The honey yield and royal jelly yield of the high-yield hybrid (Guofeng 2 13) and the high-yield hybrid (Guofeng 4 14) bred by the Bee Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences are 70% and 60% higher than those of the common Italian bees, respectively.
4. High-yield Italian bee strain of Pinghu royal jelly.
Pinghu royal jelly high-yield Italian bee strain is a high-yield royal jelly strain bred by Italian bees after more than 20 years of directional breeding by professional beekeepers in Pinghu County, Zhejiang Province. According to experts' appraisal, the royal jelly output of Italian bees in Pinghu is 30% ~ 228% higher than that of ordinary Italian bees raised locally, with an average increase of 87%. In the period when honey source is poor or even lacking honey powder source, higher royal jelly yield can be obtained by feeding, which is suitable for long-term production of royal jelly in fixed places and can obtain higher economic benefits.
5. Gong Xiaoshan Royal Jelly High-yield Italian Bee Strain
The high-yield Italian bee strain of Xiaoshan royal jelly was selected by Hong Dexing, a professional beekeeper in Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province, after 18 years. Italian bee Xiaoshan royal jelly has strong high yield. As long as there is enough powder source or artificial pollen, high and stable yield of royal jelly can be obtained. The bee species also has the advantages of weak bee separation, easy maintenance of strong colony and strong honey collection.
6. Song Dan 1 and Song Dan No.2 are double-cross bees cultivated by Jilin Institute of Beekeeping Science. The output of honey increased by 73% and 56% respectively, the output of royal jelly increased by 65438 04% and 26% respectively, the decline rate of overwintering population decreased by 65438 02% and 7.5% respectively, and the feed consumption decreased by 33% and 6544 respectively.