Hepler pointed out in the report 1987 "Pharmacy is experiencing the third wave" that in the next 20 years, pharmacists (pharmaceutical service personnel with the same level) should demonstrate their drug control ability in the whole medical and health care system, especially the participation of pharmacists can reduce the whole service cost, such as shortening the hospitalization period and reducing other expensive services.
Chinese name: pharmaceutical service mbth: the meaning, goal, elements, characteristics and significance of pharmaceutical service (PC) 1990 H. Kohler and strand put forward that PC is a new stage of clinical pharmacy development and a new model of hospital pharmacy work developed on the basis of clinical pharmacy, changing from biomedical model to bio-psychological-social medical model. The concept of PC is a fundamental change in concept. This indicates that hospital pharmacy has changed from the previous concept of providing drugs and rationally regulating drug use to the new concept of "interaction between drugs and people" and "patient-centered" providing all-round and whole-process services. The development of hospital pharmacy will inevitably urge pharmacists to go out of the pharmacy, enter the clinical departments, approach patients, doctors and nurses, change the previous service mode of "serving patients indirectly" and serve patients directly. The concept of PC can be simply summarized as: individualized medication, responsible for providing patients with safe, effective and economical (optimal cost/effectiveness ratio) drug treatment programs, ensuring effective treatment effects and improving patients' quality of life. The specific contents of PC are: ① patient-centered, designing reasonable drug treatment scheme for patients. Drug therapy has gradually changed from empirical medication and group mode medication to individualized medication. Including: participating in consultation and decision-making in the process of clinical medication with clinicians; On the basis of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, the types and dosage forms of drugs are selected according to the individual situation of patients, and the dosage is determined. In the process of disease treatment, it is necessary to monitor patients' therapeutic drugs, adjust the dosage of drugs, and formulate a reasonable medication plan for each patient to avoid adverse drug reactions (ADR). Inform the patient of the whole drug treatment plan and the possible adverse reactions and complications caused by the drug. ② Monitoring the safety, effectiveness and clinical effect of drug therapy. Monitor ADR. (8) Collect and provide drug information, carry out pharmaceutical consultation and evaluation to ensure rational drug use and achieve the expected therapeutic effect. As the birthplace of clinical pharmacy, the United States has formed a complete pharmaceutical system. Education and clinical pharmacy practice training system. This new idea has been accepted by more and more countries in the world. The American Society of Clinical Pharmacy adopted the first edition of the Work Guide for Drug Therapists as the work guide for clinical pharmacists in 1990, and revised the guiding principle in 2000, further emphasizing the work of clinical pharmacists as drug therapists in the process of patient drug treatment. Clinical pharmacists are required to make full use of information resources for drug treatment and cooperate with other professionals. 1997 the international conference on clinical pharmacy co-sponsored by AACP and European Society of Clinical Pharmacy was held in the United States. Up to 2006, the International Conference on Clinical Pharmacy has been held for six times. Through the development of clinical pharmacy in the United States, we can see that the education of clinical pharmacy and the training of clinical pharmacists are promoting the development of clinical pharmacy in the United States step by step, which is precisely the part that may be ignored in the development of clinical pharmacy in China. Note: PC also refers to the positive control in biological experiments! Pharmaceutical service is a direct and responsible service provided by pharmacists to the public by using pharmaceutical professional knowledge. Objective (1) To improve the safety, effectiveness and economy of patients' medication. (2) In order to achieve the ideal goal of improving and improving the quality of human life, the medical education network has been collected and sorted out. Point (1) The basic requirement of pharmaceutical service is "drug-related" service. (2) "Service" is to meet some special needs of the public related to drug use in the form of providing information and knowledge. (3) "Service" is the care and responsibility of one group (pharmacist) to another group (patient). Features (1)PC's "service" is different from the general function limited to behavior, and it is carried out in the form of providing information and knowledge. (2) The "service" of 2)PC has a strong social attribute, involving patients who use drugs in the whole society, including inpatients, outpatients, community patients and family patients, and monitoring their safety, effectiveness, economy and suitability in the process of drug use. (3) (3) PC's "drug-related" and "service" are not only therapeutic drugs, but also preventive drugs and health care drugs. (4)PC is patient-centered.