Brief introduction of Tianjin
In the early years of Qing Qianlong, Wang Ling, a poet who came to Tianjin from Jianjiang, wrote the first Zhi Zhu Ci describing Tianjin folk customs. The poem says: "Tianjin is named after Changling." Changling refers to the Ming emperor Judy buried in the Ming Tombs. Tianjin was named in the second year of his reign (Yongle II, AD 1404). At that time, it was not named after a place name, but after a military establishment. It was Tianjin Wei.
Three Neglect-Heather
There are flyovers in Beijing, Confucius Temple in Nanjing, and "Three Blacks" in Tianjin, all of which are the paradise of underworld figures before liberation and the den of sin.
In the south of the old city of Tianjin (now the square circle formed by four roads in the east, west, north and south of Tianjin is the base of the old city), the Kangxi people Shalincheng once said: The terrain is marked down, summer and autumn are swamps, and the water surface is frozen like a mirror in winter. The southern part of the old city mentioned here includes the third place, which was originally uninhabited. Therefore, there is no such place name as "San Gu" in the Miscellaneous Notes of Jinmen published in the 10th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1884), the Geography Textbook of Tianjin County published in the 22nd year of Guangxu (1897) and the Map of Tianjin City drawn by Liu Ruiqing. Its appearance is directly related to Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of Tianjin.
1900 Before the Boxer Rebellion, the bustling area of Tianjin was Matou (Beidaguan), so there was a saying in the poems of the Qing Dynasty that "the bustling clothing street is also the northern market of Gongnan Palace". There were teahouses, theaters, pubs, restaurants, bathhouses and brothels in Houjia area. At that time, it was a playground in Tianjin and was called "selling gold pots". 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance fought the Boxer Rebellion, and the area around Gongnan Street and Yuyi Street became a scorched earth. The city walls were also torn down. There are nine foreign concessions on both sides of Haihe River in Tianjin, including Britain, France, Germany, the United States, Russia, Japan, Italy, Austria and Belgium. The prosperity along the Daguan River, behind the Hou family and outside the North Gate plummeted. Wang Ren 'an's History of Tianjin's Political Customs said: "Outside the south gate, it looks desolate and there is much water. Since Gengzi (according to 1900), foreigners have rented land to the southeast (city) corner and the east bank of Haihe River, and attic restaurants have been staggered. " At that time, a vulgar open-air amusement place was gradually formed in the depression (about 100 mu) near the original site of Dongxing market. Including those who are "upside down" in Dawa, those who sell fake powerful pills, those who sell "folded" snacks (restaurant leftovers), those who shave their heads and braid their hair, those who pull foreign films, those who set up tea stalls, and so on. Among the "abandoned stalls", the first four businesses are called "gold, batch, signing and hanging", followed by "physiognomy" (divination), storytelling (singing opera), juggling (magic) and juggling (selling martial arts). These businesses were originally located on the other side of Yanyun yamen, which was equivalent to the vacant land at the east exit of Yuyi Street (opposite to the west exit of Wenhua Street). Later, it continued to the south bank of the South Canal east of Beidaguan. After the boxer movement failed, they all moved to Dawa. People call this place: the origin of the name "three cares", and there is a saying: "Nobody cares about burying the dead (burying the dead casually);" Nobody cares about fighting; Nobody cares about kidnapping. Another way of saying it is: "This big depression is located in the south of China City and the northwest of the French-Japanese Concession. The three countries all shirked the cases that happened in this Concession, so it was called" three concerns ". In short, this was a boundary beyond the control of the police and the law at that time. This is the situation at the beginning. With the prosperity and development of the whole urban area of Tianjin, the scope of "three no matter" is expanding day by day, and later it became "South City".
Heather is not a big place, but it is an active place with all kinds of religions and tricks. It turns out that what's at home is what's here. . Heather concentrates on tea gardens, theaters, restaurants, hotels, shoes, hats, clothing, cakes, sweets, opium pipes and other shops in Tianjin, while Dongxing Market (formerly Dawa) still preserves the original appearance of "three cares" and is a place where Jianghu artists "stand out". There are all kinds of martial arts schools here (such as Bazhou Li, the home of the famous martial arts teacher Li Wenzhen, at the market), wrestling halls, Qiangli Pills (such as Mu Xiangfeng, who is tall and stunned and throws stones), slingshots (specializing in eating raw mutton), selling sheep intestines, bean juice, telling stories and singing.
Due to the prosperity of heather and the rising land price, Rong Yuan, the father-in-law of the last emperor Puyi, and Chun Li, the governor of Jiangxi, both bought land and rented houses here at low prices after the Revolution of 1911. From the present Ye Rong Street and Dongxing Street, we can also see the close relationship with Ye Rong Real Estate Company (owned by Rong Yuan and others) and Dongxing Economic Leasing Office (owned by Chun-Li). Heather, a small place, used to have more than 20 restaurants and more than a dozen theaters (Quyi). People come and go here during the day, which is called buying and selling. The night is full of bright lights and gongs and drums. Reactionary military police, spies and hooligans are all violent and evil in heather. The leader of Zaba (Yuan) and Zhang Ba (shopkeeper of Zeng Xingde Dumpling House) have been running rampant for 30 years, which is a crime of reactionary rule. Because of heather's special status, there were more than 20 newspapers registered in 1930s, such as Popular Times, Tianjin Lunch and Vernacular Morning Post. Some tabloids are notorious for publishing "pornographic news".
In the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1404), Tianjinwei was set up and troops were sent to guard the species. At that time, the station soldiers could live in the health center with their families and be hereditary. So, in fact, they became permanent residents of Tianjin Health Center. After the establishment of the State of Wei, earth walls were built, and Tianjin Zuo Wei and Tianjin Youwei were successively added. At this time, 1 10,000 people and their families have settled in the station. Ten years after Tianjin was built, the Grand Canal from Hangzhou to Tongzhou, Tianjin was unblocked. Since 1487, the grain transported through Tianjin every year is about 4 million stones. The salt produced by Luchang is also transported to the mainland through Tianjin. Ming officials also allowed grain ships to carry 20% of the goods, which promoted the prosperity of Tianjin Acropolis. The permanent population and floating population have increased greatly, and the buildings inside and outside the city hall have also increased greatly.
Architectural layout of Tianjin Wei in the early Ming Dynasty. The characteristics are very obvious; This city is a political center with many public buildings. Located at the intersection of the central axis is the Drum Tower (built during the period of private ownership). A brick arch rises from the top and runs through the heart on all sides. It rises from the second floor of the building, and there is a big clock inside, which is quite exquisite in structure. To the west of the Drum Tower are Tianjin's military organs and right guards, and to the east are the Universiade, Daying and Guang Bei Sancang (the place name of "Cangmenkou" still exists today). There are households in the north gate; East Gate has Zuo Wei Yamen, Minglun Hall and Confucian Temple. There is a Tianjin office in the south gate. The Jade Emperor Pavilion, Ji Gu Temple Scripture Pavilion (Jingdangge) and other religious pavilions are located in the northeast corner and northwest corner of the city, dotted with archways such as Yongquan Temple, Wang Guan Temple, Wang Yao Temple, Baiyi Temple and "Haitian Yao Zhen" (gulou west). The four gates, especially Gongbei Gate, are magnificent. These buildings are built by traditional methods, such as cornices, exposed columns and high platforms. The spatial contour line is undulating, colorful and magnificent, resplendent under the sunlight, which shows the authoritative position of Tianjin Acropolis in the coastal areas.
Brief introduction of Shanxi
Shanxi is a plateau sandwiched between the valley in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and Taihang Mountain. Most areas in the province are above 1000 meters above sea level, and the mountainous area accounts for more than 70% of the total area of the province. Looking at the plane map of Shanxi, it is an oblique rectangle, from northeast to southwest, with a width of about 290 kilometers from east to west and a length of about 550 kilometers from north to south. Topographically, this is a plateau composed of many complex mountains. There are many mountains in Shanxi. Taihang Mountain in the east, Luliang Mountain in the west, Hengshan Mountain and Wutai Mountain in the north and Zhongtiao Mountain in the south, both of which have Taiyue Mountain. The mountains are undulating, vertically and horizontally arranged, steep and majestic. There are many rivers in Shanxi, among which Qinhe River, Sushui River and Fenhe River flow into the Yellow River. Fenhe River runs through the whole province. This is the main river in the province. Originated in ningwu county, the total length is 76 1 km. It is the second largest tributary of the Yellow River after the Weihe River. Sanggan River and Hutuo River. Zhanghe River also originated in Shanxi and flows into Haihe River system. There are six great basin in Shanxi, namely Datong. Xinzhou, Empress Dowager, Linfen and Yuncheng. In addition, there are small basins in the east of Changzhi Basin, such as Yangquan, Shouyang, xiang yuan, Licheng and Jincheng.
Shanxi lies inland on the east coast of the mainland. The outer edge is surrounded by mountains. Therefore, it is difficult to be influenced by the sea breeze and form a relatively strong continental climate. At the same time, due to the attack of cold air mass in Inner Mongolia in winter, the north is relatively cold, forming the climate characteristics of Shanxi. Winter is long, cold and dry; Summer is short, hot and rainy; In spring, the daily temperature difference is large and there are many sandstorms; Autumn is short and the climate is mild. Shanxi province belongs to temperate and warm temperate monsoon climate zone, that is, temperate continental climate. The average precipitation is 400 to 650 mm.
Shanxi is known as the "hometown of coal and iron" and "energy and heavy chemical industry base". The main mineral deposits are coal, iron and aluminum. Copper, refractory clay, limestone, gypsum, etc. The proven coal reserves are 200 billion tons, accounting for one-third of the country; Iron ore reserves are 3.05 billion tons. Because of its abundant coal reserves, the coal industry occupies a first-class and important position in Shanxi's industry. In recent years, the power industry, textile industry, consumer goods industry and civil industry have also developed rapidly. Shanxi highway traffic has reached all counties and districts, with a total length of more than 30 thousand kilometers.
Shanxi is rich in tourism resources, and the ancient buildings on the ground before the Song Dynasty account for more than 70% of the national total, so it is known as the museum of ancient buildings. Wutai Mountain, Hukou Waterfall, Mount Hengshan in Beiyue and Yungang Grottoes are famous tourist attractions in China. In addition, the Hanging Temple, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, Jinci Temple, Ningwu Tianchi, Hong Tong Sophora japonica and Qiao Family Courtyard all attract tourists from inside and outside the province. There are many local products in Shanxi, such as Xinghua Village Fenjiu, Zhuyeqing Liquor, Mature Vinegar, Qingxu Grape, Pingyao Beef, Jinci Rice, Qinzhou Yellow Millet, Hengshan Huangqi, Changzhi Dangshen, Liulin Jujube and so on.