1. Taboo culture of Chinese characters. Taboo is a unique cultural phenomenon in China. The so-called taboo means that the names of monarchs and elders cannot be written or said. For example, Qin Shihuang's surname is Win, so the word "Zheng" can't be said, nor can words with the same pronunciation as "Zheng", so people pronounce "Zheng Yu è" as Zheng Yu è. Because of its name, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang called the country a "state home" in the Qin Dynasty, which has been used ever since the Han Dynasty.
In ancient China, this taboo phenomenon was not limited to emperors, but also existed among the following officials or literati. According to Cai Taize's conversation in Tiewei Mountain, there was a local official named Tian Deng. Because of taboo, he was forbidden to say the word "light", even the word "light", and changed the word "light" to "fire". On the fifteenth day of the first month, the Lantern Festival was lit, and the notice he wrote was: "The state set fire for three days according to law." This leaves the saying that "only state officials are allowed to set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps".
In ancient times, some literati also had family taboos. If you go to his house as a guest, you must first ask what words are taboo in his house, so you say "getting started and asking taboos". Can't say the host's father's name. If his father has passed away and you accidentally say his father's name, the host will burst into tears and say that he thinks of his father. Do you think this guest is still interesting? Shi Shuo Xin Yu recorded such a thing that a man named Chen Wang went to visit his friend Huan Xuan's house and Huan Xuan bought wine for dinner. Wang Chen said, because of the medicine, can't drink cold wine. Please bring hot wine. Unexpectedly, Huan Xuan burst into tears. Because Chen Wang leaked family secrets, Huan Xuan's father Huan Wen died, which reminded him of his father. This is really a disgrace to Wang Chen. This pretentious and arty taboo of Wei and Jin literati is really ridiculous to us today.
2. The cultural custom of Chinese characters lacking strokes and strokes. It is out of this cultural psychology, in order to show respect and worship, so deliberately write less strokes when writing. For example, Confucius is revered as a saint, and his name is Kong Qiu. When writing, you should remove the small vertical bar in the middle of the word "autumn" and change the pronunciation to "seeks". The last emperor, Puyi, was the emperor of Manchukuo, with the title of "Kant" and the word "one" above the word "heart" in the word "virtue" cannot be written. In A Dream of Red Mansions, Jia Yucun said that Lin Daiyu, because her mother's name was Jia Min, read all sensitive words as "secrets" and left out a sentence or two.
3. Cultural psychology of taboo. If someone accidentally says something wrong, or mispronounces it, which violates the taboo psychology of the ruler, it is a great sin and will be beheaded. This taboo was later developed to the point that not only the name could not be said or used, but also the words that the emperor didn't like, so the phenomenon of "literary inquisition" appeared in China. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was born in humble origins. After he became emperor, a beggar picked up a gold nugget for fear of losing it again. Therefore, he is psychopathic and suspicious. If people speak carelessly and violate their taboo psychology, they will be punished and executed. Professor Lin from Zhejiang used a sentence in his recital: "If you do something, you will respect the Constitution". This is a traditional eulogy, but Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and thought that he used the homonym of "doing something" and "being a thief" and deliberately called him "being a thief", so Lin lost his head. On Zhu Yuanzhang's birthday, historian Xu Yikui gave him a congratulatory table, because there were sentences such as "Under the skylight" and "Born a saint, set a rule for the world". Zhu Yuanzhang thought it was intended to ridicule his humble birth, becoming a monk, and "then" was homophonic with "thief" and was naturally executed. Others include Lu Rui, who was regarded as the "Emperor Gate" by Zhu Yuanzhang, because he used the phrase "Seeing the Emperor Gate from a distance", which means that the emperor was wrong and was killed. Lin Bojing of Fuzhou wrote "Rule the World by Rites" and Meng Qing of Fengzhou wrote "Virtue the World", both of whom were killed for violating Zhu Yuanzhang's taboo. It's really a state of mind that Ah Q is not allowed to say "light" and "bright" because he has a scar on his head.
The Qing emperor was Manchu, and he was very taboo about the words "barbarian, foreigner, Lu and Hu" in Chinese. Whoever accidentally commits a taboo will be in big trouble. There is a man named, who was sentenced to death. In his poems, there are such words: "Loyalty and diligence, carrying the original intention of Lu" and "shame". Xu Jun, an ordinary scholar in imperial academy, was described as "missing the Ming Dynasty, but not the present dynasty" and naturally lost his life because of the phrase "the bright moon shines on my heart, and the breeze has no intention of leaving no one behind". During the Qianlong period, Hu Zhongzao, a bachelor of Hanlin, wrote a poem "One Heart is Turbid and Clear", which angered Emperor Qianlong. He scolded him and said, why did you add the word "turbid" to the word "clear"? What is the heart? Hu Zhongzao lost his life. Xu Shukui, a Zhejiang juren, said in Poem on a Pillar Building that "the Ming Dynasty is auspicious and bright in one fell swoop", which was also regarded as "a great rebellion" by Emperor Qianlong, because the word "Chao" was not only the morning and evening dynasty, but also the Ming Dynasty's dynasty, which was considered as "prospering the Ming Dynasty to the present dynasty", which not only killed him, but also harmed future generations. This irrelevant political taboo makes people live in fear and fear.
4. Homophonic culture composed of Chinese characters. Because Chinese itself has fewer syllables, 1, more than 600, and there are more words in one syllable. For example, "X" has 77 words such as "Xi, Xi, Xi, Xi, yesterday …". This has formed the unique cultural psychology of China people. People use this phenomenon to express their pursuit of good luck and avoiding evil spirits.
5. The homophonic culture of auspicious Chinese characters and New Year Chinese characters. Happiness, happiness. Shun. Wealth and luxury are what people like and pursue. People write the word "Xi" as "Xi" and "Xi" (double happiness), all of which have auspicious words to show their attention and emphasis. There is a word "money" in the words "money" and "expensive". Moreover, during the Spring Festival, the word "Fu" was posted backwards, meaning "Fu arrived". Eating glutinous rice cakes means "increasing year by year". Draw a big fat boy with a big carp on the New Year picture, which means more than one year.
6. The homophonic culture of happy characters and wedding Chinese characters. People in China should get married with double happiness. Some people put dates, chestnuts, peanuts and other things under the bedding of the newlyweds, which means "early fruiting" and "early flowering".
7. Chinese homophonic culture in place names. Some place names don't sound good because of "indecent words", so homophonic method is also adopted to change them into names that are both beautiful and elegant, the same as or similar to the original sound. For example, there used to be a sow alley in Beijing, but now it is renamed "Zhu Mo Hutong"; Dog Tail Hutong was renamed "Gao Yibo Hutong"; Smelly skin alley, changed to "Shoubi Hutong"; Braised gourd jar changed to "Meng Fulu Pavilion"; Dafenlang Hutong was changed into Yongming Hutong. Keelung, Taiwan Province Province, formerly known as Chicken Cage, 1883 was changed to Keelung. With this change, the pronunciation has not changed much, and the meaning is much more elegant.
8. Taboo of Chinese characters and Chinese homophonic culture. In daily life, people don't want to say bad things like "death", "loss" and "bad", and they don't want them to happen, so they are very careful about what they say and do. For example, when giving gifts to people, especially to the elderly, don't send clocks, because "sending clocks" is homophonic with "sending them out"; Don't give an umbrella as a gift, because "umbrella" and "scattered" are homophonic. Couples should not share a pear, because "sharing a pear" and "sharing a pear" are homophonic, which will make people feel unhappy. On New Year's Day, people are very afraid of breaking utensils, thinking that if the utensils are broken in the first month of the Spring Festival, it will bring bad luck to the year. If the child accidentally breaks the cup, his mother will say, "Never mind, never mind." People use this homophonic method to free themselves from bad mood. Bad things turned into auspicious words. Besides, there are many dialects in China. Because of their different pronunciations, they also have different taboos. For example, Cantonese people call "pig tongue" as "pig plum" and "loofah" as "winning melon", because in Cantonese, "tongue" and "silk" are homophones for "erosion", which means losing money. Many people in the north avoid saying "eggs" because many swearing words contain "eggs". Such as: bad guys, bastards, bastards. So some people call "eggs" chicken, "egg soup" mushu soup and "scrambled eggs" fried yellow vegetables. When eating, don't ask others, "Are you jealous?" Because it will make people have bad associations. Some places simply changed the word "vinegar" to "taboo" and asked, "Do you want to be taboo?"
This kind of culture exists not only in China, but also in the Japanese cultural circle of Chinese characters. The word "subway" in Osaka, Japan is written in traditional Chinese characters, not in simplified Chinese characters (two words are commonly used in Japan). Because the simplified word "iron" means "losing money", isn't the company losing money? In Singapore, there is a place full of bookstores called Book City. In order to avoid the sound of this book, people call this place Huang Jincheng.
9. Humor. In our daily conversation, we often use homophonic words to improve the sense of humor in language. For example, a person said, "Lao Li has bronchitis and is a bedside table all day." At first glance, there seems to be something wrong with Lao Li's respiratory tract In fact, "tracheitis" is the homonym of "henpecked" and "bedside table" is the homonym of "kneeling beside the bed". This means that Lao Li is strictly controlled by his wife. Every day, he kneels on the bed and sarcastically criticizes Lao Li for being afraid of his wife. It is very funny. There are many homophonic two-part allegorical sayings in Chinese, which are even more interesting when used in speech. For example, a wife carrying a basket-lack of sleep (sedan chair), a monk carrying an umbrella-can't be lawless, gongs and drums go up the mountain-money is tight (before), big radish is talking-you can stop (pull out) me, tie chicken feathers on telephone poles-how bold (dust), little bastard's ass-new rules (turtle) will be set (.
10. In recent years, in the commercial tide of China's economic development, a homophonic culture of Chinese characters and China has emerged. For the sake of economic benefits, some businesses make use of Chinese characters and homophony of Chinese characters to make big advertisements, create commercial gimmicks and attract people's attention. For example: "Everything is obedient" (suit advertisement), "Chicken (machine) must not be lost" (roast chicken advertisement), "No leakage (slack) can be reached (beaten)" (leakage medicine advertisement), "Sauce (will) become famous" (pickles advertisement) and "Not afraid of hemorrhoids (dependence). Some advertisements have also caused confusion, which not only does not conform to the norms of language and writing, but also causes typos and destroys Chinese idioms. Some content is still unhealthy and has a bad influence on teenagers. Don't advocate it.