Seven battles and seven wins refer to the Soviet War, which is the general name of seven battles carried out by the Central China Field Army in central Jiangsu during the initial period of strategic protection of the China People's Liberation Army during the Liberation War, so it is also called "seven battles and seven wins" in the Soviet Union.
From the Qianlong period to the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty actively pursued the policy of closing the country to the outside world. The Qing Dynasty was extravagant and closed to the outside world, but the products produced by the western industrial revolution were eager to be sold to the populous China market, thus opening a contest between China and the West. During the Daoguang period, opium smuggling became more and more. In order to reduce the outflow of silver, Daoguang Emperor had to issue a smoking ban and let Lin Zexu preside over it. In Lin Zexu's drastic anti-smoking campaign, the colonists viciously destroyed China's "building a defense against summer" with their guns.
Lin Zexu and Humen's ban on smoking had a great influence on British bourgeois trade groups, but they were not willing to fail. They repeatedly hinted at equipment provocation and encouraged the government to wage war.
Lin Zexu believes that the fight against smoking directly impacts the interests of foreigners, who may be provoked by equipment. So Lin Zexu made careful preparations. He bought 200 cannons from foreign countries, strengthened the protection of Humen Fort, actively reorganized the navy, and initiated the Guangdong people to actively participate in the protection. He organized every 5,000 fishermen into water braves to prepare for the possible war.
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1in July, 839, an unexpected thing happened, which made Sino-British relations quickly rise to the critical state of war.
On July 7th, British sailors made trouble in Tsim Sha Tsui because of drunkenness and beat villagers. In the conflict between the two sides, villager Lin was killed. It's not bad for British sailors to run amok on our land. Lin Zexu, who heard the news, asked the British side to hand over the murderer and punish him according to Chinese laws.
Yi Law rejected Lin Zexu's request. He said that he could pay 1500 shilling to the family of the deceased, but our government has no right to try the British. He announced that a court would be set up on a British ship to try the murderer, and China was welcome to attend. This so-called "trial" that violated China's judicial sovereignty was opposed by Lin Zexu and Deng Tingzhen, but the righteous law still went its own way. /kloc-in August/February, Yili made its own judgment: five British sailors were found guilty, three of whom were fined 20 pounds and detained for six months; The other two were detained for three months and fined15; The British sailor who was sentenced to detention served his sentence in a British prison. On August 16, Yi Fa informed Lin Zexu and Deng Tingzhen of the trial results. Regarding the death of Lin, Yi said that "the murderer has not been found".
The so-called just law's "trial" of British sailors fully shows the arrogance of the British Empire's pursuit of "extraterritorial jurisdiction". Lin Zexu waged a tit-for-tat struggle against the evil deeds of justice and law that ignored China's judicial sovereignty. After receiving the invitation from Yi Fa about the trial results of British sailors, he told Yi Fa that the British should be tried in accordance with the laws of our country, which is a major event related to our national system. He demanded that the just law hand over the murderer immediately. "If we resist the violation again, it means that the righteous law will always shelter the sinner, that is, we will share the crime with the sinner, and this Minister and this Hall will have to enforce the law and engage in it."
For Lin Zexu's request, Yifa still found an excuse to delay and did not reply. Lin Zexu had to let Macao know about Ang Chong Yi Law, but Ang was scolded by Yi Yi Law, which also threatened to support opium dealers in selling opium. Righteousness tried every means to make excuses for equipment provocation.
Lin Zexu, who hates hooliganism, ordered the British businessmen to be driven out of Macao and not allowed to exchange goods in Guangdong. Although Lin Zexu's behavior was to protect China's sovereignty, he did not fully estimate and judge the serious consequences of expelling British businessmen. Although he first came to Guangzhou to ban smoking, he also thought that it might cause border troubles and made active preparations, but his preparations were only suitable for dealing with small-scale conflicts. Although he knows that the smoking ban has many obstacles to the destruction of justice, he still has illusions about justice and thinks he will "repent". This wrong understanding also laid the groundwork for the outbreak of the opium war between China and Britain.
Lin Zexu's defense against foreigners is based on the protection of small-scale conflicts, so he has indeed achieved several successes in dealing with small-scale conflicts.
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1839 September, Yifa brazenly led a warship equipped with 14 gun and a merchant ship 10, and suddenly went to war with the Guangdong Navy patrol boat in Jiulongshan Port. The Guangdong navy was forced to fight back, and the two sides exchanged fire for nearly half an hour. Illu retreated first because of lack of ammunition. This is the "Battle of Kowloon".
In the Battle of Kowloon, Jackson Yee didn't get a bargain. He wants to continue attacking our organization ships the next day. When Jackson Yee led the warships to the place where they fought the day before, he found that three China warships were ready for battle. Fearing that they would suffer again, Yiyi ordered to retreat. Naturally, there must be reasons for withdrawing troops. He explained to the soldiers, "He felt that fighting with three useless China naval vessels would damage the honor of His Majesty's Royal Navy". This stubborn explanation, which is afraid of being beaten, makes his soldiers think he is ridiculous.
After experiencing the justice and law of the Kowloon War, I was faced with three dilemmas: First, Lin Zexu ordered to stop supplying food and fresh water to British businessmen in order to drive them away, and after this war, the problems of food and fresh water became more difficult; Secondly, Lin Zexu ordered the British businessmen to stop exchanging goods in Guangdong, which also made the British businessmen dissatisfied with the provocation of the righteous law; Thirdly, he had written to the Queen and Foreign Secretary Bamaizun many times before, pleading for the use of force against China, but he never got a reply from the British government. Therefore, Yi Law had to make a gesture and write to Macao expert Ang, hoping to start negotiations on this transaction.
Lin Zexu insisted on smuggling opium, saying that "people are the right law without officials on board", but Yi Fa firmly disagreed that "people are the right law". Negotiations between the two sides are still entangled in issues such as binding and anti-binding, fierceness and anti-violence. In fact, just laws are still delayed by an excuse.
During the Sino-British negotiations, Coco got a reply from Bamazun: Britain will send an expeditionary force to China. This greatly increased the confidence of Yifa, and he decided to talk to Lin Zexu by force.
At that time, there was no progress in the Sino-British trade negotiations, which caused dissatisfaction among British businessmen and gave up the support of justice and law. There are 47 merchant ships requesting to enter Hong Kong for trade. Even the British merchant ship "Ma Dan Shi Ge" automatically signed a guarantee that it would never engage in opium trade. British businessmen followed suit and demanded to abide by the contract.
1839, 165438+ 10, two British merchant ships were allowed to enter Guangzhou for trade. This makes yilu very angry. He racked his brains to try to stop the vendors from signing the guarantee, but now the businessmen here can't stand the long and fruitless delay and wrote a guarantee to the Governor's Office of Guangdong and Guangxi. When Yi Fa was informed, he immediately sent troops and ships to stop it and asked them to protect the dignity of the British Empire. Yifa hoped that the shocking power of the shells would deter British merchant ships from signing agreements with Guangdong authorities. 165438+1On October 3rd, when the British merchant ship "Royal Saxon" was ready to enter Guangzhou Port as ordered, it was stopped by a warship led by Yiliu. Shocked by the shells, the merchant ship "Royal Saxon" had to return. At that time, the patrol boat led by Guan Tianpei, the governor of Guangdong Navy, was also attacked by British warships. Guan Tianpei had to fight back with his army, and the two sides fought fiercely for two hours. One British warship sank and the other escaped injured. This is a naval battle between China and Britain.
During the month of 165438+ 10, there were as many as seven violent conflicts between China and Britain. Although both of them were won by China, Daoguang Emperor did not actively prepare for war and nip in the bud, but made a correct analysis and judgment of the situation, went his own way and pursued a closed-door policy. This policy eventually led to the outbreak of the Opium War.