Get rid of loneliness and ignite the hope of those who ask for help; Provide new information for help seekers as the basis of learning; Let help seekers have a successful experience and apply what they have learned.
First, the core elements of effective psychological counseling
1, guest resource
Visitors' resources refer to all resources that help visitors recover except participating in treatment. Internal resources include visitors' preparation for change, coping style and personal skills, motivation, self-strength, intelligence, achievement, psychological understanding, courage and successful experience of past efforts for change. External resources refer to the specific environmental resources that affect visitors, including social support system, economic sources, stress events, etc.
2. Therapeutic relationship
Therapeutic relationship includes some factors, such as harmony, warmth, concreteness and acceptance. These interactions represent a therapeutic relationship, that is, when visitors feel understood, safe and full of hope, they dare to tell the details of their painful emotions and privacy, and dare to think, feel and act in a healthier and adaptive way.
3. Faith, hope and expectation
Visitors' trust in counselors and their trust and hope in life-changing treatment.
Second, the main points of the theory of the same factor.
1 and * * * common factor theory, a theory to explain the formation of concepts. It was put forward by American psychologist Hull in 1920. It is believed that concept formation is to abstract the same factors of a class of things and make the same reaction to them.
2. Hull regards concept formation as the connection between stimulus and response, which is formed on the basis of repeated contact and feedback between people and similar stimuli. When new stimuli with these same factors appear, they can also cause the same reaction, that is, the generalization of stimuli appears. Distinguishing various factors of stimulation and abstracting and summarizing the same factors constitute the main content of the concept formation process.
3. In the experimental materials of artificial concept, all Chinese characters with the same radicals have the same pronunciation. After learning some Chinese characters in pairs, the participants can gradually and correctly read many Chinese characters with the same radicals. Some psychologists believe that this * * * theory is an association theory, which is too simple to explain the formation of concepts.