College students' entrepreneurial groups are mainly composed of college students and graduates. Due to a series of problems such as college students' employment caused by the expansion of college enrollment, some college students achieve employment through entrepreneurship. These college students have the characteristics of high knowledge and high education, but they need the attention and help of the whole society because of their lack of corresponding social experience.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of college students' entrepreneurship?
superiority
1. College students are often full of hope for the future. They have young blood, full of vigor and vitality, and? Newborn calves are not afraid of tigers? Spirit, and these are all qualities that an entrepreneur should have.
2. College students have learned a lot of theoretical things at school and have high-level technical advantages. At present, the most promising career is to start a high-tech enterprise. The importance of technology is self-evident. From the beginning, college students' entrepreneurship will definitely move towards high-tech and high-tech fields. Exchange intelligence for capital? Self-employment of college students is the characteristic and inevitable way for college students to start their own businesses. Some venture capitalists are often willing to fund their business plans just because they take a fancy to the advanced technology mastered by college students.
3. Modern college students have the spirit of innovation, the confidence and desire to challenge traditional ideas and traditional industries, and this spirit of innovation often creates the power source for college students to start their own businesses and becomes the spiritual basis for their success.
4. The biggest advantage of college students' entrepreneurship is that they can improve their ability, increase their experience and apply what they have learned; The biggest attraction is that through successful entrepreneurship, you can realize your ideals and prove your value.
abuse
1. Due to the lack of social experience, college students are often blindly optimistic and psychologically unprepared. Many entrepreneurs feel very painful and even depressed about the setbacks and failures in starting a business. Everyone started a business before, and when they saw successful examples, their mentality was naturally idealistic. In fact, behind success is more failure. Seeing success and failure is the real market. Only in this way can young entrepreneurs become more rational.
2. Rushing for success, lack of market awareness and enterprise management experience are important factors that affect the success of college students' entrepreneurship. Although students have mastered some book knowledge, they lack the necessary practical ability and management experience. In addition, because college students lack sufficient marketing knowledge, it is difficult to be competent for the role of enterprise managers at once.
3. College students' understanding of entrepreneurship is still limited to a beautiful idea and concept. In the business plans submitted by quite a few college students, many people also try to attract investment with an idea that they think is novel. Such a thing did happen abroad before, but it is almost impossible today. What investors value now is how high the real technical content of your business plan is, to what extent it cannot be copied, and how big the market profit potential is. For these, you must have a detailed and thorough feasibility demonstration and implementation plan, not the idea that people can pay the bill in a few words.
4. College students' market concept is relatively weak. Many college students are willing to talk with investors about how their technologies are leading and unique, but rarely involve how much market space these technologies or products will have. Even when it comes to the topic of market, most of them just intend to spend money on advertising, but they have no idea about important aspects such as target market positioning and marketing means combination. In fact, what really interests investors is not necessarily those extremely advanced things. On the contrary, those products or services with ordinary technical content but meeting the market demand are often favored by investors. At the same time, entrepreneurs should have a very clear marketing plan, which can strongly prove the possibility of profit.
Necessary characteristics
If college students want to have entrepreneurial ability, they must master the following characteristics of core competence:
(1) Value advantage
Core competence should be conducive to the improvement of enterprise efficiency, so that enterprises are superior to competitors in creating value and reducing costs.
(2) Heterogeneity
The core competitiveness of an enterprise should be unique, which is the key factor for its success. The heterogeneity of core competence determines the heterogeneity and efficiency difference among enterprises.
(3) Do not imitate
Core competence is formed by the accumulation of enterprises in long-term production and operation activities, which is deeply branded with the special composition and experience of enterprises, and it is difficult for other enterprises to replicate.
(4) Non-tradeability
Core competitiveness is inherent in enterprises. Although it can be felt by people, it cannot be bought and sold through market transactions like other factors of production.
(5) It is difficult to replace.
Compared with other enterprise resources, the core competence is less threatened by substitutes. Entrepreneurship without core competence is just a flash in the pan.
Entrepreneurial method
Path 1: university classrooms, university libraries and university associations.
Entrepreneurs can have excellent professional knowledge through classroom learning and benefit endlessly in the process of starting a business; University libraries can usually find newspapers and books for entrepreneurial guidance, and extensive reading can increase the understanding of entrepreneurial market; University community activities can exercise various comprehensive abilities, which is an essential practical process for entrepreneurs to accumulate experience.
Path 2: Media Information
First, paper media, talents and economic media are the first choice. For example, more professional XXXXXX newspaper, XXXXXX newspaper and XXXXXX newspaper.
Second, online media, management, talents and professional entrepreneurial websites are necessary choices. For example, XXXXXX network, XXXX network, XXXX network and so on. In addition, you can also learn entrepreneurial knowledge from entrepreneurial centers, innovation service centers, college students' science parks, overseas students' entrepreneurship parks, science and technology information centers, websites of well-known private enterprises and other channels.
Path 3: Communicate extensively with business personnel.
Business activities are everywhere. You can communicate with friends and relatives who have entrepreneurial experience. In them, you will get the most direct entrepreneurial skills and experience, and more often you will gain more than reading. You can even visit business people you admire by email and telephone, or consult business groups closely related to your entrepreneurial project, and your humility can always be supported by them.
Path 4: curve entrepreneurship
It is the choice of many students to get employment first and then start a business. After graduation, because of lack of experience in all aspects, you can go to the entity to exercise for a few years and accumulate some knowledge and experience before starting a business.
After the students who started their businesses after they got employed resigned, the entrepreneurial projects they engaged in were usually in close contact with each other in their past work. In the process of preparing for starting a business, you can take advantage of the opportunity to communicate with professionals and gain more entrepreneurial knowledge from the market.
Path five: entrepreneurial practice
The real entrepreneurial practice begins with the germination of entrepreneurial consciousness. College students' entrepreneurial practice is the best way to learn entrepreneurial knowledge.
Indirect entrepreneurial practice learning can mainly be completed by the role and scenario simulation participation of some courses organized by the school. For example, actively participating in all kinds of college students' entrepreneurship competitions and industrial design competitions held inside and outside the school, and systematically studying the growth experiences of well-known entrepreneurs and business cases of well-known enterprises also belong to the category of indirect learning.
Direct entrepreneurial practice learning can be mainly accomplished through part-time work after school and holidays, trial company, trial patent application, trial copyright registration, trial trademark application and other matters; It can also be done by holding creative project activities, creating e-commerce websites, and planning the publication of books and periodicals.
Path 6: Campus Agent
Because of the lack of experience, ability and funds, it is very difficult for college students to start a business directly, and the success rate is neither realistic nor very low. However, campus agents generally do not require too much experience and funds. They can use their spare time to represent the best-selling products on campus, accumulate market experience and exercise their entrepreneurial ability. As a campus agent, there is no difference between success and failure. For college students, the more the better, the more money they can accumulate if they do well. In short, campus agents can be used for graduation.
In a word, entrepreneurial knowledge exists widely in the field of vision of college students' study and life. As long as they are good at learning, they can always find ways to display their talents. However, in a society flooded with information, what should we do? It's also important. Being good at learning and summarizing is always the motto of a successful person.
College entrepreneurs should carefully analyze what risks they may encounter in the process of starting a business, which are controllable, which are uncontrollable, which need to be avoided and which are fatal or uncontrollable. Once these risks appear, how should you deal with and resolve them? In particular, we should understand what the biggest risk is, what the biggest loss may be, and whether we have the ability to withstand and tide over the difficulties. The risks of college students' entrepreneurship mainly include the following aspects.
Risk 1: project selection is too blind.
If college students start a business without previous market research and demonstration, and decide the investment direction only by their own interests and imagination, or even make a decision on a whim, they will definitely hit a wall.
College entrepreneurs must do a good job in market research in the early stage of starting a business and start a business on the basis of understanding the market. Generally speaking, the financial strength of college entrepreneurs is weak, so it is more appropriate to start with small funds and choose projects with low staffing requirements.
Risk 2: Lack of entrepreneurial skills
Many college students' entrepreneurs have high eyes but low minds. When the business plan is put into practice, they find that they simply don't have the ability to solve problems. Such an enterprise is tantamount to an armchair strategist. On the one hand, college students should go to work or practice in enterprises to accumulate relevant management and marketing experience; On the other hand, actively participate in entrepreneurship training, accumulate entrepreneurial knowledge, receive professional guidance, and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.
Risk 3: Capital risk
In the early stage of starting a business, capital risk will always accompany entrepreneurs. Whether there is enough capital for starting a business is the first problem that entrepreneurs encounter. After the establishment of an enterprise, we must consider whether there are enough funds to support daily operations. For start-ups, if they can't make ends meet for several months or the cash flow of enterprises is interrupted for other reasons, it will bring great threats to enterprises. A considerable number of enterprises will seriously affect their business expansion due to lack of funds in the early days of their establishment, and even miss business opportunities and have to close down.
In addition, if there is no broad financing channel, the business plan can only be empty talk. In addition to traditional ways such as bank loans, self-financing and private lending, we can also make full use of financing channels such as venture capital and venture capital funds.
Risk 4: Lack of social resources
Enterprise creation, market development, product promotion and other work all need to mobilize social resources, and college students will feel very difficult in this regard. Usually, you should take part in various social practice activities and expand your interpersonal range. Before starting a business, you can work in related industries for a period of time, and through this platform, you can accumulate contacts for your future business.
Risk 5: Managing risk
Although some college entrepreneurs are outstanding in technology, their abilities in financial management, marketing, communication and management are generally insufficient. If college entrepreneurs want to succeed in starting a business, they must attach importance to both technology and management. They can start from partnership, family business or virtual shop to exercise their entrepreneurial ability, or they can hire professional managers to take charge of the daily operation of the enterprise.
Entrepreneurship failure is basically caused by management problems, including: arbitrary decision-making, unreasonable information, unclear thinking, suffering from loss, improper employment, ignoring innovation, quick success, blindly following the trend, weak will and so on. In particular, college students lack knowledge, experience, financial strength and psychological quality, which will increase the risks in business.
Risk 6: Competitive risk
Finding the blue ocean is a good start for starting a business, but not all new enterprises can find the blue ocean. What's more, the blue ocean is only temporary and competition is inevitable. How to face the competition is something that every enterprise should consider at any time, especially for new ventures. If the industry chosen by entrepreneurs is a highly competitive field, it is very likely that they will be strongly rejected by their peers at the beginning of their business. Some large enterprises often sell at low prices in order to annex or crush small enterprises. For large enterprises, because of economies of scale or strong strength, short-term price reduction will not cause fatal harm to them, but it may mean the danger of complete destruction to start-ups Therefore, we need to consider how to deal with the brutal competition from peers.
Risk 7: The risk of team disagreement.
Modern enterprises pay more and more attention to the strength of the team. The most important source of strength in the process of the birth or growth of entrepreneurial enterprises is generally entrepreneurial teams, and excellent entrepreneurial teams can make entrepreneurial enterprises develop rapidly. But at the same time, risks are also included. The greater the strength of the team, the greater the risk. Once the core members of the entrepreneurial team disagree on some issues and cannot reach a consensus, it is very likely to have a strong impact on the enterprise.
In fact, it is not easy to do a good job of teamwork. Especially when it is linked with equity and interests, many good partners at the beginning will break up in discord.
Risk 8: the risk of lack of core competitiveness
For entrepreneurs with long-term development goals, their goal is to continuously develop and expand their enterprises. Therefore, whether an enterprise has its own core competitiveness is the most important risk. An enterprise that conquers the world by relying on other people's products or markets will never grow into an excellent enterprise. Core competitiveness may not be the most important issue at the beginning of starting a business, but it is the most important issue to seek long-term development. Enterprises without core competitiveness will eventually be eliminated.
Risk 9: The risk of brain drain.
Some R&D, production or operation enterprises need to face the market, and a large number of high-quality professionals or business teams are an important foundation for the growth of such enterprises. Preventing the loss of professional talents and business backbones should be a problem that entrepreneurs should always pay attention to. In those enterprises that rely on a certain technology or patent to start a business, the loss of business backbone who owns or masters this key technology is the most important risk source of entrepreneurial failure.
Risk 10: the risk of consciousness
Consciousness risk is the most inherent risk of entrepreneurial team. This kind of risk comes from intangible, but it has powerful destructive power. The consciousness with greater risks includes: speculative mentality, lucky mentality, trying mentality, excessive dependence on others, returning to the true mentality and so on.
In short, the first principle for college graduates to start a business is to make their studies useful. Are you familiar with it? .
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