1 Importance of ecological water conservancy in river regulation project
River regulation is an important task. It is necessary to improve the planning and design level of river regulation to meet the needs of human water supply, flood control, shipping and irrigation, and at the same time increase the development of ecological construction environmental projects.
(1) On the basis of ensuring the water demand of the ecosystem, ecological water conservancy maintains the balanced development of ecology, effectively prevents serious ecological problems such as vegetation degradation, river cut-off, and sharp decline of aquatic organisms, and improves the ecological cycle.
System.
(2) In some areas, a series of eco-environmental problems, such as soil erosion, grassland degradation and ecological imbalance, have reduced the functions of natural ecosystems and affected human survival. Therefore, only by developing the ecological environment stably can we provide the basic guarantee for the sustainable development of society.
(3) Ecological water conservancy considers human and soil in a unified whole, giving consideration to the interests of human and nature. In the planning, design and construction of water conservancy projects, natural and diversified methods are adopted, which enriches the content of river regulation.
2 Application methods of ecological water conservancy in river regulation project
River regulation has changed the previous mode that water conservancy projects only meet the needs of human life and production, and it is necessary to improve the planning and design level of river regulation.
2. 1 Restore the natural state of the river.
Taking the habitat of diverse organisms in the adjacent waters as the core of construction, the river channel will be built into a state close to nature on the basis of ensuring sufficient flood control safety. The first is to create rich and diverse structures and provide a rich ecological environment close to natural rivers. For example, the coastline is designed to be irregular, wide, steep and strewn at random, and shoals and deep pools are built together, conforming to force of nature, so that the banks and bottoms of rivers will be scoured, silted and eroded, thus creating a colorful river ecosystem and providing natural space for river creatures to survive. Secondly, the ecological network collocation between the river and the surrounding environment. To combine the river ecosystem with the surrounding environment and expand the food chain of the river ecosystem, it is necessary to restore the concrete banks and riverbeds to their natural forms, change culverts into open channels, increase shoreline green spaces and trees, and form an ecological network system combined with underwater organisms, so as to make the whole river ecosystem more stable. Finally, the river landscape should be as simple as possible, and natural vegetation and stones should be used harmoniously in the river design scheme to make the river close to the natural state.
2.2 Ecological embankment construction
The function of ecological river bank is to realize the water exchange and regulation between river bank and river water body through artificial revetment. 1. The layout of the center line of the river, taking into account the influencing factors such as river type, hydrodynamic force and surrounding environment, shows the comprehensive form of the river, and the setting of its width needs to calculate the passing capacity of the river. In view of the fact that the river width control line is tied with planning and investment, which does not have great variability and freedom, the width control line can be combined with the river axis to form a parallel straight line, which can increase the variable space of river layout. At the same time, in order to achieve a certain landscape effect, shallow water areas should be set up on both sides of the river. On the one hand, it gives people an intuitive feeling of widening the river, on the other hand, it expands the space for landscaping along the river, which can enhance the natural beauty of shoreline landscapes such as beaches, bends and wetlands. Secondly, choose suitable revetment materials, combine the natural conditions near the river area, consider the impact of revetment materials on the ecological environment, and try to integrate with the overall space of the river. At the same time, pay attention to the diversity of surface morphology of revetment. For example, concrete has good stability and strong erosion resistance, but it is easy to destroy the habitat of living things and affect the appearance. Therefore, the surface of concrete lake protection can be properly chiseled and colored and used in key parts λ.
2.3 Restoration of degraded riparian zone
The riparian zone between high and low water levels λ and above high water level λ is a complex ecosystem model, which is usually rich in wild animals and can store underground and groundwater resources. Therefore, the river regulation project must restore the riparian function of the river. On the one hand, it is to restore the biological community in the riparian zone, including species reproduction, cultivation, introduction and protection, coordinate the living space of the ecological community in the riparian zone, and optimize the allocation of the biological community. On the other hand, it is necessary to restore the ecological environment of the riparian buffer zone. Plant trees and turf with a certain width at the land junction to improve the level of ecological heterogeneity. Commonly used technologies include slope engineering technology, soil pollution control technology and soil fertility restoration technology. Control the soil erosion along the river bank.
2.4 Other ecological water conservancy measures
The first is to transform the physical properties of river flow and riverbed: the first is to create water with different flowing water. Rivers have shoals and deep pools, which bend and meander in normal and dry seasons. Second, by planting stones, natural stones are arranged and buried in the river bed, forming deep ditches, shoals and fish reefs, creating a river bed conducive to the growth of underwater organisms and promoting the survival and reproduction of fish. This method is generally suitable for the solid part λ of riverbed foundation with riverbed gradient greater than 1/500 and fast flow, so that vegetation will not be washed away when flood comes and sediment will not block the river course in dry season. Thirdly, the reinforced concrete frame and the method of planting stones are comprehensively used to create a fish nest with strong flood control ability. Secondly, shoals, boulders, groins and fishways are built to form underwater turbulence, so as to transfer oxygen in the air to the water, provide enough oxygen for aquatic organisms, meet the breeding needs of aerobic microorganisms, and make the river cleaner. In short, it is to provide an interdependent and restrictive organic environment for the growth of organisms in the process of river construction, thus enhancing the self-purification ability of river water.
3 Conclusion
To sum up, the introduction of ecological water conservancy to protect and restore the ecological functions of rivers can improve the coexistence of water bodies and biological communities in river ecosystems, improve the self-purification ability of rivers and promote the healthy development of river water conservancy projects by building ecological banks, building natural rivers and restoring degraded riparian zones on the basis of meeting the needs of water supply, flood control, power generation and shipping of water conservancy projects.
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