How to find information around the topic
It is not an easy task to consult the literature, which requires certain skills and is accumulated by your continuous consulting. You have to try it yourself to get it. No one can replace you. When consulting literature, you need not only patience, carefulness and carefulness, but also deliberation and follow certain procedures, instead of copying a paragraph from the east to the west in the library.
In order to search documents effectively, the following steps should be followed.
1. Ask a series of questions about the topic, and then analyze the relationship between these questions and the topic to determine whether the information or question you want to query is a certain data, a certain concept or a certain concept.
2. Choose the retrieval tool according to the nature of these questions or information, that is, determine whether to retrieve through reference books such as encyclopedias or newspaper indexes.
3. Determine the retrieval method, that is, go to the library of our school, or go to the library of our region, or consult with teachers or related experts.
4. Choose the search method, that is, start with the recently published books and periodicals, or limit the search to books and periodicals in a certain year.
5. Search by using the search clues provided by the search reference books.
Once you find the document you need, you can ask for it.
7. Read the literature and get the information you need.
Arrangement and processing of documents and materials
It is not enough to engage in scientific research only by consulting data, but also to process and sort out documents, that is, to process information, which includes sorting and processing.
1. arrangement
After consulting the relevant literature, extract (indicate the source, including the title of the book or paper, the author's name, publishing unit, edition, publishing time, as well as the number and issue of the periodical, the year, month and day of the newspaper, etc. ) or copy it down and sort it out in order.
Excerpts can be written in a notebook or card. The notebook is not convenient to organize data, and the card is not only convenient to organize, but also convenient to find, use and carry. Card paper should be the same size, each card only records one idea, example or question, and the content on each card should indicate the source.
The second step process
Only by analyzing and thinking about the literature, and then eliminating false materials and old and repeated materials. To study valuable materials, the following tasks are often done at this stage: writing comments, correcting, writing summaries, taking notes and writing summaries.
Writing a comment is to write down your own opinions, explanations or questions in the blank space of the extracted materials.
Marks refer to various marks made by readers in key points, difficulties, highlights or places of interest to them, such as straight lines, curves, red lines, wavy lines, circles, brackets, bullets, question marks, exclamation marks, etc.
Writing an abstract is to summarize the research literature containing all kinds of information. That is, summarize the basic content, theme, viewpoint, uniqueness or other data of the original text in your own words.
Taking notes is to keep your experiences and thoughts in a notebook at any time. Reading notes do not require form, and you can write down your thoughts at any time. The advantage of taking notes is that it can help you remember and think better.
Writing a summary is to summarize all the information you are looking for in a certain category, then process it and internalize it into a report written by your own structural system. Each review is actually a research report, which can provide valuable things for one's own or others' research.
(2) Give students a variety of topics, let students choose their own topics, collect as much information as possible through several ways, and use them appropriately in writing.
1. Let me talk about Lu Xun.
As a fighter in the modern literary world, Mr. Lu Xun used a pen as a gun to attack the darkness and decay of social rule and the insensitivity of the people at that time. He is a writer and an out-and-out revolutionary. How many touching and shocking stories are there in his extraordinary life? How should we respect his great soul? Organize students to take "understanding Lu Xun" as a special topic and go to the library to find information about Lu Xun's life experience and literary creation. With my own understanding and experience, with the processing and refining of my own language art, I will tell you a vivid story in class.
2. Reading has a world.
Mr. Lu Xun has created many works. His profound thoughts and sharp brushstrokes are not like a sword piercing the enemy's chest. Maybe he is not a ever-victorious general on the battlefield, nor a soldier in a hail of bullets. However, he makes those who hate him timid and those who are hostile to him helpless. He also let those who trust him trust each other with their lives, and let those who respect him have unlimited spiritual nutrition and keep moving forward on the road of struggle. Organize students to search for Lu Xun's works, select the one with the deepest feelings, make reading notes, discuss and exchange at the class reading report meeting, talk about the deepest feelings, and encourage students to put forward different opinions.
3. Walking in the People's Gallery
The characters in Lu Xun's works are all kinds, which can be said to describe all the social ecology at that time. Please sort out the characters in his works, make a brief image analysis, communicate with classmates in reading class, try to be comprehensive, and then bind them into a book to have an overall understanding of the characters in Lu Xun's works.
4. Gain income through accumulation
Take an article by Lu Xun as an example, organize students to use the Internet to find the author's profile, writing background, text understanding, content introduction and related comments, and make a simple but comprehensive preview note. Comparison in class, including horizontal and vertical comparison, can realize the usefulness of data collection, guide students to do it persistently, and will be of great help to the accumulation of knowledge.
5. Little librarians
The ancients said, "The benevolent enjoys Leshan, while the wise enjoys water." Indeed, natural landscapes, plants, flowers, birds, fish and insects will always arouse people's infinite feelings, so there is a beautiful chapter praising all things in nature. How much can we collect? Organize students to compete in groups in the electronic reading room. Use online search to find such chapters, establish your own group database and classify them. By comparison, which group database is more comprehensive and systematic? And choose a more distinctive chapter to enjoy or comment after class.
Into nature
Organize students to find information about the Great Wall. If possible, organize students to climb the Great Wall during holidays and experience the spirit of "you are not a hero until you reach the Great Wall". Organize students to walk into nature and places of interest. Feel the beauty of natural scenery and accept the baptism of humanistic atmosphere. Students can interview local old people on the spot, tell related legends and stories, take written notes or take photos on the spot. After the activity, you can exchange ideas, show the survey results and relevant information collected, and also organize students to visit cultural landscapes or places of interest near their hometown.
7. Knowledge contest
Organize students to compete in two groups. On the basis of collecting knowledge about the Great Wall, give full play to their respective talents and list several content topics about the Great Wall materials, such as couplets, ancient poems and related knowledge. Representatives from both sides will ask and answer questions so that students can master as much knowledge as possible in a relatively relaxed and pleasant atmosphere.