The Origin of "Shen" and "Shanghai"
Shanghai, referred to as "Shanghai", is also called "Shen". About 6000 years ago, the west of Shanghai became land, and the east became land for 2000 years. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanghai was once the fief of Huang Xie, the king of Chu, so it was nicknamed "Shen". During the Jin Dynasty in the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., residents in Songjiang (now Suzhou River) and coastal areas mostly made a living by fishing. They created a bamboo fishing tool called Hu, and because the river was called blasphemy at that time, the lower reaches of Songjiang were called Hu, and later it was changed to Hu.
Shanghai chengjian
In 75 1 year (the tenth year of Tang Tianbao), Shanghai belonged to Huating County (now Songjiang District), covering Hongkou in the north, the seaside in the south and Xiasha in the east. In 99 1 year (the second year of Song Chunhua), due to the continuous shallow siltation in the upper reaches of Songjiang, the coastline moved eastward, and it was inconvenient for large ships to enter and leave, so foreign ships had to dock at "Shanghai Pu", a tributary of Songjiang (located on the Huangpu River near Dongshiliupu of the Bund today). In A.D. 1267 (the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty), a town was set up in Puxi, Shanghai, named Shanghai Town. In A.D. 1292 (twenty-nine years from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty), the central government of Yuan Dynasty drew Shanghai out of Huating County and approved the establishment of Shanghai County, marking the beginning of Shanghai's construction.
Modern Shanghai
/kloc-In the 6th century (mid-Ming Dynasty), Shanghai became the center of cotton textile handicraft industry in China. In A.D. 1685 (the 24th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi), the Qing government set up a customs office in Shanghai. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, Shanghai has become a bustling port with merchants. After the Opium War, Shanghai was opened as a "trade" port by the colonists. In the following 100 years, foreign powers invaded Shanghai one after another, making Shanghai the main stronghold of imperialist political, economic and cultural aggression against China. 1949 On May 27th, Shanghai, a city with glorious revolutionary tradition, was liberated and started a new life.
Historic change
The liberation of Shanghai opened a new historical chapter in its development. Under the leadership of the * * * Production Party of China, the people of Shanghai have, after more than 50 years of hard struggle, fundamentally transformed the old Shanghai, which developed abnormally under semi-colonial and semi-feudal conditions, and profoundly changed its economic and social outlook. Especially since 1978, Shanghai's reform and opening up has been continuously strengthened. With a strong enterprising spirit, the people of Shanghai emancipated their minds, kept pace with the times and practiced boldly, and embarked on a new development path with China characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of the times and conforming to the characteristics of Shanghai's mega-cities, which has made historic changes in various fields of Shanghai's economic and social development, become the largest economic center in China and a national historical and cultural city, and is being built into an international economic and cultural city.
geographical position
Shanghai is located at 3 1 degree north latitude 14 minutes east longitude 12 1 degree 29 minutes. Located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, along the eastern edge of the Asian continent, at the front of the Yangtze River Delta, bordering the East China Sea in the east, Hangzhou Bay in the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the west, the Yangtze River estuary in the north and the East China Sea in the north. Shanghai is located in the middle of China's north-south arc coastline, with convenient transportation, vast hinterland and superior geographical position. This is a good river port and seaport.
climate
Shanghai has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Shanghai has a mild and humid climate, with shorter spring and autumn and longer winter and summer. In 2004, the annual average temperature 18. 1℃, sunshine 1929.6 hours, rainfall 1 158. 1 mm, about 50% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in the flood season from May to September.
area of land
In the early days of liberation, the land area of Shanghai was only 636 square kilometers. 10 in 958, Jiading, Baoshan, Shanghai, Songjiang, Jinshan, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, Qingpu, Chongming and other 10 counties in Jiangsu Province were transferred to Shanghai, which expanded the jurisdiction of Shanghai to 59 10 square kilometers, which was almost10 in the early days of liberation. By the end of 2004, Shanghai had an area of 6,340.5 square kilometers, accounting for 0.06% of the national total area, with a length of120km from north to south and a width of100km from east to west. The regional area is 5299.29 square kilometers, and the county area is 104 1.2 1 square kilometers. It governs three islands, namely Chongming Island, Changxing Island and Hengsha Island, of which Chongming Island covers an area of 104 1.2 1 km2, making it the third largest island in China.
hydrology
Shanghai is a famous water town in the south of the Yangtze River with numerous rivers and lakes, dense water networks and abundant water resources, with a water area of 697 square kilometers, equivalent to 1 1% of the total area of the city. Most of the river networks in Shanghai belong to the Huangpu River system, mainly including the Huangpu River and its tributaries Suzhou River, Chuanyang River and Dianpu River. Huangpu River originates from Taihu Lake, with a total length of 1 13km, and flows through the urban area. The river width is 300-770m, with an average of 360m. It is not frozen all year round and is the main waterway in Shanghai. Suzhou River is 54 kilometers long in Shanghai, with an average width of 45 meters. The lakes in Shanghai are concentrated in the western depression at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The largest lake is Dianshan Lake, covering an area of 62 square kilometers.
zone
Except for a few hills and mountains in the southwest, Shanghai is a flat plain, which is a part of the alluvial plain in the Yangtze River Delta, with an average elevation of about 4 meters. Land topography is generally slightly inclined from east to west. Dajinshan is the highest point in Shanghai, with an altitude of103.4m. ..
administrative division
In the early days of liberation, Shanghai was divided into 20 urban areas and 10 suburbs. By the end of 2003, there were 18 districts, 1 county, * *18 towns, 3 townships, 100 sub-district offices, 3,293 neighborhood committees and 65,438 in Shanghai.
Huangpu District covers an area of 12 square kilometer with a population of 620,000. Postal code 20000 1. No.300 Yan 'an East Road, District People's Government.
Luwan District covers an area of 8 square kilometers and has a population of 330,000. Postal code 200020. District People's Government is located at Chongqing South Road 139.
Xuhui District covers an area of 55 square kilometers and has a population of 890,000. Postal code 200030. District People's Government is located at No.336 Caoxi North Road.
Changning District covers an area of 38 square kilometers and has a population of 620,000. Postal code 200050. The District People's Government is located at Yuyuan Road 1320.
Jing 'an District covers an area of 8 square kilometers and has a population of 320,000. Postal code 200040. District People's Government is located at No.370 Changde Road.
Putuo District covers an area of 55 square kilometers and has a population of 850,000. Postal code 200333. The District People's Government is located at No.668/KLOC-0, Dadu Road.
Zhabei District covers an area of 29 square kilometers with a population of 7 1 10,000. Postal code 200070. 480 Datong Road, District People's Government.
Hongkou District covers an area of 23 square kilometers and has a population of 790,000. Postal code 200080. Hongzhen Laojie District People's Government.
Yangpu District covers an area of 6 1 km2 and a population of 1.08 million. Postal code 200082. No.549 Jiangpu Road, District People's Government.
Minhang District covers an area of 372 square kilometers and has a population of 750,000. The postal code is 20 1 100. District People's Government is located at No.6258, Humin Road, xin zhuang zhen.
Baoshan District covers an area of 4 15 square kilometers and has a population of 850,000. The postal code is 20 1900. No.5 Mishan Road, District People's Government.
Jiading District covers an area of 459 square kilometers with a population of 5 1 10,000. Postal code 20 1800. The District People's Government is located at Bole South Road11.
Pudong New Area covers an area of 523 square kilometers with a population of 6.5438+0.77 million. The postal code is 200 135. District People's Government in century avenue No.2001.
Jinshan District covers an area of 586 square kilometers and has a population of 530,000. Postal code 20 1540. No.2000, Jinshan Avenue, District People's Government.
Songjiang District covers an area of 605 square kilometers with a population of 5 1 10,000. The postal code is 20 1600. Yuan Zhong Road 1 District People's Government.
Qingpu District covers an area of 676 square kilometers and has a population of 460,000. The postal code is 20 1700. Park Road 100, District People's Government.
Nanhui District covers an area of 688 square kilometers and has a population of 700,000. The postal code is 20 1300. District People's Government is located at No.3252 Renmin East Road, huinan town.
Fengxian District covers an area of 687 square kilometers with a population of 5 1 10,000. The postal code is 20 1400. Nanqiao town jiefang zhonglu district people's government.
Chongming County covers an area of 104 1 km2 and has a population of 640,000. The postal code is 202 150. County People's Government is located at No.68 Renmin Road, Chengqiao Town.
Human population
Due to a large number of immigrants and the rapid growth of floating population, the total population of Shanghai is constantly expanding. The population of Shanghai was less than 6,543.8+million when it opened, and 5.2 million when it was liberated in 654.38+ 0949. At 0: 00 on October 0, 2005, the resident population of Shanghai was 6,543.8+0,778 million, which was 654.38 more than that of the fifth population census. An average annual increase of 274,000 people, with an average annual increase of1.62%; Among them, the foreign resident population is 4.38 million, accounting for 24.63%. .
Natural population change
Shanghai is the first provincial administrative region in China with negative growth due to natural population changes. 1995 The number of births of permanent residents is 123900, and the birth rate is 7.04 ‰. Death population/kloc-0.07 million, with a mortality rate of 6.08 ‰; The natural growth rate of permanent residents in this city is 0.96‰. Among them, the birth rate of registered population in this city is 6.08 ‰; The mortality rate was 7.54 ‰; The natural population growth rate is-1.46‰, and it keeps negative growth for 13 years.
sex composition
Among the permanent residents in the city, 8.93 million are men, accounting for 50.22% of the total population; There are 8.85 million women, accounting for 49.78% of the total population. The sex ratio is 100.90 (female: 100).