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Baidu knows > education/science >; Entrance examination > senior high school entrance examination
Xiaoshengchu Chinese review materials people's education edition
Browsing times: 2,294 times, reward score: 30 | Solving time: 2011-4-213: 35 | Questioner: X Buwa.
1-6 grade as a whole, the central idea of each text writing in grades 5 and 6, composition counseling, is the material.
Ok, add 10, write some Chinese questions in junior high school, and then add 20.
This is a necessary formula in mathematics.
The formula that defines the theorem must be remembered.
Volume and surface area
Area of triangle = base × height ÷2. The formula S= a×h÷2.
Area of square = side length × side length formula S= a2
Area of rectangle = length× width Formula S= a×b
Area of parallelogram = base× height Formula S= a×h
Trapezoidal area = (upper bottom+lower bottom) × height ÷2 Formula S=(a+b)h÷2
Sum of internal angles: sum of internal angles of triangle = 180 degrees.
The surface area of a cuboid = (length× width+length× height+width× height )× 2 Formula: S=(a×b+a×c+b×c)×2.
Surface area of cube = side length × side length ×6 Formula: S=6a2.
Cuboid volume = length× width× height formula: V = abh
Volume of cuboid (or cube) = bottom area × height formula: V = abh.
Volume of cube = side length × side length × side length formula: V = a3.
Circumference = diameter × π formula: L = π d = 2π r
Area of circle = radius × radius× π formula: s = π R2.
Surface (side) area of cylinder: The surface (side) area of cylinder is equal to the perimeter of bottom multiplied by height. Formula: s = ch = π DH = 2π RH.
Surface area of cylinder: the surface area of cylinder is equal to the perimeter of the bottom multiplied by the height plus the area of the circles at both ends. Formula: S=ch+2s=ch+2πr2.
Volume of cylinder: the volume of cylinder is equal to the bottom area multiplied by the height. Formula: V=Sh
Volume of cone = 1/3 bottom× product height. Formula: V= 1/3Sh
arithmetic
1, additive commutative law: Two numbers are added to exchange the position of addend, and the sum is unchanged.
2. Additive associative law: A+B = B+A.
3. Multiplicative commutative law: a× b = b× a.
4. Multiplicative associative law: a × b × c = a ×(b × c)
5. Multiplicative distribution law: a× b+a× c = a× b+c.
6. The nature of division: a ÷ b ÷ c = a ÷(b × c)
7. Nature of division: In division, the dividend and divisor are expanded (or reduced) by the same multiple at the same time, and the quotient remains unchanged. O is divided by any number that is not O. Simple multiplication: the multiplicand and the end of the multiplier are multiplied by O. You can multiply 1 before o first, and zero does not participate in the operation, and add a few zeros at the end of the product.
8. Division with remainder: dividend = quotient × divisor+remainder
Equations, Algebras and Equality
Equation: An equation in which the value on the left of the equal sign equals the value on the right of the equal sign is called an equation. Basic properties of the equation: When both sides of the equation are multiplied (or divided) by the same number at the same time, the equation is still valid.
Equation: An equation with an unknown number is called an equation.
One-dimensional linear equation: An equation with an unknown number of degree 1 is called a one-dimensional linear equation. Example method and calculation of learning linear equation of one variable. That is, an example is given to illustrate that the formula is replaced by χ and calculated.
Algebra: Algebra means replacing numbers with letters.
Algebraic expression: Expressions expressed by letters are called algebraic expressions. For example 3x = AB+C.
mark
Fraction: divide the unit "1" into several parts on average, and the number representing such a part or points is called a fraction.
Comparison of fraction size: Compared with the fraction of denominator, the numerator is large and the numerator is small. Compare the scores of different denominators, divide them first and then compare them; If the numerator is the same, the denominator is big and small.
Addition and subtraction of fractions: add and subtract fractions with the same denominator, only add and subtract numerators, and the denominator remains the same. Fractions of different denominators are added and subtracted, first divided, then added and subtracted.
Fraction multiplied by integer, numerator is the product of fractional and integer multiplication, denominator remains unchanged.
Fractions are multiplied by fractions, the product of numerator multiplication is numerator, and the product of denominator multiplication is denominator.
Law of fractional addition and subtraction: Fractions with the same denominator are added and subtracted, only the numerator is added and subtracted, and the denominator remains the same. Fractions of different denominators are added and subtracted, first divided, then added and subtracted.
The concept of reciprocal: 1 If the product of two numbers is 1, we call one of them the reciprocal of the other. These two numbers are reciprocal. The reciprocal of 1 is 1, and 0 has no reciprocal.
A fraction divided by an integer (except 0) is equal to this fraction multiplied by the reciprocal of this integer.
The basic properties of a fraction: the numerator and denominator of a fraction are multiplied or divided by the same number (except 0), and the size of the fraction.
The law of division of fractions: dividing by a number (except 0) is equal to multiplying the reciprocal of this number.
True fraction: The fraction with numerator less than denominator is called true fraction.
False fraction: Fractions with numerator greater than denominator or numerator equal to denominator are called false fractions. False score is greater than or equal to 1.
With a score: write a false score as an integer, and a true score is called with a score.
The basic nature of the fraction: the numerator and denominator of the fraction are multiplied or divided by the same number (except 0) at the same time, and the size of the fraction remains unchanged.
Calculation formula of quantitative relationship
Unit price × quantity = total price 2, single output × quantity = total output
Speed × time = distance 4, work efficiency × time = total workload.
Appendix+Appendix = and one addend = and+another addend.
Negative-negative = differential negative = negative-differential negative = negative+difference.
Factor × factor = product One factor = product ÷ another factor.
Frequency divider/frequency divider = frequency divider = frequency divider/frequency divider = quotient × frequency divider
Length unit:
1 km = 1 km 1 km = 1000 m
1 m = 10 decimeter 1 decimeter =10 cm1cm =10 mm.
Area unit:
1 km2 = 1 00ha1hectare =10000m2
1 m2 = 100 square decimeter 1 square decimeter = 100 square centimeter 1 square centimeter = 100 square millimeter
1 mu = 666.666 square meters.
volume unit
1 m3 = 1000 cubic decimeter
1 cm3 = 1000 cm3
1 liter = 1 cubic decimeter = 1000 ml 1 ml = 1 cubic centimeter.
Unit right
1 ton = 1 000kg1kg = 1 000g = 1 kg =1kg.
compare
What is the ratio? When two numbers are divided, it is called the ratio of two numbers. For example, the ratio of 2÷5 or 3:6 or 1/3 is multiplied or divided by the same number at the same time, and the ratio remains unchanged.
What is proportion? Two formulas with equal ratios are called proportions. For example, 3: 6 = 9: 18
The basic property of proportion: in proportion, the product of two external terms is equal to the product of two internal terms.
Solution ratio: the unknown term in the proportion is called solution ratio. Such as 3: χ = 9: 18.
Proportion: two related quantities, one of which changes and the other changes. If the ratio (i.e. quotient k) corresponding to these two quantities is constant, these two quantities are called proportional quantities, and the relationship between them is called proportional relationship. For example: y/x=k( k must be) or kx = y.
Inverse proportion: two related quantities, one of which changes and the other changes accordingly. If the product of the corresponding two numbers in these two quantities is certain, these two quantities are called inverse proportional quantities, and their relationship is called inverse proportional relationship. For example: x×y = k( k must be) or k/x = y.
per cent
Percentage: a number that indicates that one number is a percentage of another number, which is called percentage. Percentages are also called percentages or percentages.
To convert decimals into percentages, just move the decimal point two places to the right and add hundreds of semicolons at the end. In fact, to convert a decimal into a percentage, just multiply this decimal by 100%. To convert percentages to decimals, simply remove the percent sign and move the decimal point two places to the left.
When a fraction is converted into a percentage, the fraction is generally converted into a decimal (three decimal places are generally reserved when it is not used up), and then the decimal is converted into a percentage. In fact, to turn a fraction into a percentage, you must first turn the fraction into a decimal and then multiply it by 100%.
Divide the percentage into components, and rewrite the percentage into components first, so that the quotation that can be lowered can be made into the simplest score.
We should learn to decompose fractions into components and fractions into decimals.
Multiplication and divisor
Maximum common divisor: The common divisor of several numbers is called the common divisor of these numbers. There is a finite common factor. The largest one is called the greatest common divisor of these numbers.
Least common multiple: The common multiple of several numbers is called the common multiple of these numbers. There are infinite common multiples. The smallest one is called the least common multiple of these numbers.
Prime number: the common divisor has only 1 two numbers, which is called prime number. Two adjacent numbers must be prime numbers. Two consecutive odd numbers must be coprime. 1 and any number coprime.
Comprehensive score: the difference between scores of different denominators is changed into the same denominator score equal to the original score, which is called comprehensive score. (Common divisor is the least common multiple)
Decrement: divide the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the common divisor at the same time, and the fraction value remains unchanged. This process is called dropping points.
Simplest fraction: The numerator and denominator are fractions of prime numbers, which are called simplest fraction. At the end of the score calculation, the score must be converted into the simplest score.
Prime number (prime number): If a number only has 1 and its two divisors, it is called a prime number (or prime number).
Composite number: a number. If there are other divisors besides 1 and itself, such numbers are called composite numbers. 1 is neither prime nor composite.
Prime factor: If a prime number is a factor of a certain number, then this prime number is the prime factor of this number.
Prime factor decomposition: A composite number is represented by the complementary way of prime factors, which is called prime factor decomposition.
Multiple characteristics:
Characteristics of multiples of 2: You are 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.
Characteristics of multiples of 3 (or 9): The sum of the numbers on each digit is multiples of 3 (or 9).
Characteristics of multiples of 5: You are 0, 5.
Characteristics of multiples of 4 (or 25): The last two digits are multiples of 4 (or 25).
Characteristics of multiples of 8 (or 125): the last three digits are multiples of 8 (or 125).
Characteristics of multiples of 7 (1 1 or 13): the difference (big-small) between the last three digits and other digits is a multiple of 7 (1 1 3).
Characteristics of multiples of 17 (or 59): the difference (big-small) between the last three digits and the rest digits is a multiple of 17 (or 59).
Characteristics of multiples of 19 (or 53): the difference (big-small) between the last three digits and other seven digits is a multiple of 19 (or 53).
Characteristics of multiples of 23 (or 29): The difference (big-small) between the last four digits and the other five digits is multiples of 23 (or 29).
Of the two numbers in the multiple relation, the greatest common divisor is smaller and the smallest common multiple is larger.
The coprime relation between two numbers, the greatest common divisor is 1, and the least common multiple is the product.
When two numbers are divided by their greatest common divisor, the quotient is coprime.
The product of two numbers and the least common multiple is equal to the product of these two numbers.
The common divisor of two numbers must be the greatest common divisor of these two numbers.
1 is neither prime nor composite.
A prime number greater than 3 divided by 6 must get 1 or 5.
Odd and even numbers
Even numbers: Numbers are numbers of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8.
Odd number: The number is not 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
Even even = even Qiqi = Qiqi.
Even numbers add up to even numbers, and odd numbers add up to odd numbers.
Even × even = even × odd = odd × even = even.
The sum of two adjacent natural numbers is odd, and the product of adjacent natural numbers is even.
If one number in the multiplication is even, then the product must be even.
Odd ≠ even number
separable
If c | a, c | b, then c | (a b)
If, then b | a, c | a
If b | a, c | a and (b, c)= 1, then BC | a.
If c | b, b | a, then c | a
decimal
Natural number: an integer used to represent the number of objects, called natural number. 0 is also a natural number.
Pure Decimal: Decimal in units of 0.
With Decimal: Decimal with more than 0 digits.
Cyclic decimal: a decimal, starting from a certain bit of the decimal part, and one or several numbers are repeated in turn. Such decimals are called cyclic decimals. Like 3. 14 14 14.
Acyclic decimal: a decimal, starting from the decimal part, without one number or several numbers appearing repeatedly. Such a decimal is called acyclic decimal. Like 3. 14 1592654.
Infinite cycle decimal: a decimal, from the decimal part to the infinite digits, and one or several numbers are repeated in turn. Such decimals are called infinite cyclic decimals. For example, 3. 14 14 14 ...
Infinite acyclic decimal: a decimal, from decimal part to infinite digits, is called infinite acyclic decimal without one number or several numbers appearing repeatedly. Such as 3. 14 1592654. ...
profit
Interest = principal × interest rate × time (time is usually in years or months, which should correspond to the unit of interest rate).
Interest rate: The ratio of interest to principal is called interest rate. The ratio of interest to principal for one year is called annual interest rate. The ratio of interest to principal in January is called monthly interest rate.
There is also a website, you don't need to register, you can have a look.
This is the skill of writing and reading articles. I hope it will help you.
Chinese reading comprehension plays an increasingly important role in Chinese teaching. It is not only an important way for students to acquire knowledge and information daily, but also an inevitable need for students' all-round development and an essential skill to adapt to the future information society.
Judging from the trend of the reform and development of the Chinese senior high school entrance examination in primary schools, the proportion of reading comprehension questions is gradually increasing, and the number of subjective questions is on the rise. But students lose more points in this item in the exam. Often in the exam, when encountering reading questions, most students show fear of difficulties and don't know where to start. They are confused, confused, incomplete, unable to answer questions, and often lose points on questions that could have been done, resulting in unsatisfactory results.
In fact, reading comprehension questions are not as difficult as some students think. As long as the problem-solving requirements are clear, certain problem-solving ideas are followed, and some problem-solving methods are mastered, most problems can still be answered correctly. Mastering the problem-solving requirements and ideas of reading comprehension will eliminate the fear of difficulties, and the so-called problem will be solved with half the effort.
Below, I will talk about my own teaching experience and my humble opinion on the answering skills of Chinese reading comprehension.
First, calmly examine the questions and avoid carelessness.
When answering reading questions, don't panic, calm down and follow the idea of from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, and gradually open your mind. Carelessness is a taboo in learning, and Chinese reading comprehension is no exception. When examining a question, you should read every word, every word, every sentence and even every punctuation carefully, see the requirements of the question clearly and analyze the main points of the question clearly, just like the numbers in the math question. Careless students often miss correct answers. For example, some students explained the added words when they asked for phonetic notation. You can often see similar situations in exams. Carelessness is an important reason why some students lose points in this item. So be careful when you do the questions.
Second, carefully study the paragraphs and perceive the content of the article as a whole.
The written materials of reading comprehension questions are mainly used to test students' reading speed, understanding ability and memory ability. Some use a sentence, some use a paragraph or an entire article. It has a wide range of contents and different themes.
Usually when reading an article, you need to read it quickly the first time. First of all, you should focus on whether the genre of the article is narrative or expository. When answering a question, don't write down the answer in a hurry without completely reading the article. It's best to read the article from beginning to end first, and have an overall understanding and understanding of the article. Secondly, we should clarify the thinking of the article. Generally speaking, every paragraph and sentence of the article, in the final analysis, is to clarify the center and return to the main idea of the article. Usually learn to bid for articles and summarize the meaning of each paragraph.
Some students want to use the "sequential reading method", that is, read the passage first, then read the topic, and then read the passage to find the correct answer. Some students use the "backward reading method", that is, read the topic first, then read the passage, and finally find the answer. I am in favor of "reading backwards", because this reading method is reading with questions, with clear purpose and easy concentration, and can grasp the information closely related to solving problems in time, thus saving reading time.
Therefore, the central step to solve this kind of problem is reading, which depends on both the short passage and the topic. Pay attention to reading skills and improve reading efficiency. On the basis of the above points, we can judge and answer the questions given at the back of the article by "one-time judgment", "one-by-one analysis" and "exclusion" respectively.
Third, skillfully use "original words" to determine the problem-solving space.
On the basis of reading the full text, put the questions to be answered in the reading article, then browse the questions to be answered, and determine the reading space to solve the problems after preliminary thinking. Some questions need to be answered in the original text, so we can answer them in the original text, and then we can "extract information directly from the article" to answer the questions.
If it doesn't explicitly ask for an answer in the original words of the article, we can also "extract information directly from the article" to answer the question. If students are required to answer in their own words, we can also ask students to translate the original words in the text, in other words. Try to dig out the hidden information and deep meaning of the original sentence. Some topics need to be combined with the full text, dig out the implied information of sentences, and seek perfect answers after careful thinking.
The openness of Chinese test questions requires that the answers can be well-founded and the answers are the best. Chinese vocabulary is so rich and emotional, so when reading, we should analyze it carefully and deeply. When answering questions, we should carefully consider the choice of words and sentences, and use words accurately according to the characteristics of different genres and contexts.
Fourth, choose the right method and try to make the answer meaningful.
There are still some ways to do reading comprehension questions. In teaching, students can be guided to choose different methods to answer according to different questions. I'll summarize it roughly into four types here.
1, in the context. That is, thinking in context. This method is suitable for "understanding the meaning of words; Understand profound sentences; Find synonyms, antonyms, experience scenes, etc.
2. Experience the scene. It is to let students and the author exchange roles, think and answer questions from the author's standpoint. This method is especially suitable for answering questions and understanding the author's thoughts and feelings.
3. Contact life. That is, jump out of the text, expand the scope of thinking, and think about related things: such as the text you have learned, the accumulation of knowledge, and whether life experience can help you solve problems. This method is especially suitable for talking about one's feelings, experiences or understanding of profound sentence topics.
4. Combination center. This is the most important way to solve the reading problem. Every question is thought from the center of the article, and the answer has a foothold.
Generally speaking, "being in context" is the most basic way of thinking, and this method should be considered first when encountering problems; When the method in context still can't answer, we can think with the method of "situational experience"; If the previous method still can't solve the problem, you can think about the problem by "connecting with the reality of life" in order to get a more accurate answer; "Combination Center" is a method that can't be ignored when thinking about problems. Only by thinking about the problem in the center can the answer be correct.
The so-called "reasoning" is to let students tell a truth according to the problem, tell a truth, or "justify themselves." As long as students are well-founded and well-founded, they can be graded as appropriate. At the same time, students should pay attention to organizing standardized language answers and writing carefully. After the answer is basically considered mature, you need to pay attention to the language of expression. Simple and clear language can achieve twice the result with half the effort; Repetition is verbose, irrelevant and often leads to thankless efforts. After answering the questions, if time permits, you should reread the full text and review it with confidence. After all the answers are finished, go back to the original text with the results of reading comprehension and check.
Eleven volumes
1. The water of Lijiang River is quiet, clear and green, and Guilin is Shan Qi, beautiful and dangerous. Visiting Guilin's landscape is really "a boat on the blue waves, and people are swimming in the picture world".
2. Mo Mei, Zhu Shi and Shi Shui Yin are three poems that express feelings by borrowing things. They can also write on a painting, which is called an inscription poem.
MoMei was written by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty. This poem takes plum blossom as a metaphor, expressing the author's character of not being in cahoots with the common customs.
4. Bamboo Stone was written by Zheng Xie in Qing Dynasty, and it was one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". This poem uses bamboo as a metaphor to express the author's indomitable spirit.
5. Yu Qian, the author of Ode to Lime in Ming Dynasty, used lime as a metaphor to express the noble sentiment of the author who was not afraid of sacrifice and innocent.
6. 1949 10/0/October 1 day, People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded and the founding ceremony was held in Beijing. The total number of people attending the ceremony reached 300 thousand.
7. The Party in Prison is taken from the novel Red Rock by Yang Yiyan and Luo Guangbin. Jiang Xueqin (Jie Jiang), the hero of the article.
8. The article "Litchi" expresses my deep memory of my mother.
9. Plum blossom soul is the spirit that you always hold your head high and refuse to bow your head no matter how many hardships and bullying you have experienced. This is also the national spirit of the Chinese nation.
10, I am in a foreign land, and I miss my relatives every holiday; The grass turns green again in spring, but what about you, my friend Prince? ; Outside the window, the flowers are dancing freely, just like in a dream, the rain is falling and drifting aimlessly, like melancholy.
1 1. In the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, USA, the world's first electronic computer is stored, which is the "Eniac" born in 1946.
12. Summarize the magic of electronic computers in one sentence: A scholar knows everything without going out.
13, the earth is a planet with a radius of only over 6,300 kilometers.
14. Resources that can be continuously regenerated are called renewable resources, such as water, forest, atmosphere and biology, and those that cannot be regenerated are called non-renewable resources, such as coal, minerals and petroleum.
15, the slogan written to protect the earth: 1 There is only one earth. Earth-the mother of mankind, the cradle of life. Carefully protect the earth and benefit future generations.
16. Conditions for life in the universe: 1 Suitable temperature. 2 necessary moisture. An atmosphere of appropriate composition. Enough light and heat.
17, The Long March is a seven-character poem written by Mao Zedong when the Red Army won the Long March in June, 935. The whole poem praises the spirit of heroism and revolutionary optimism.
18, "A Night's Work", witnessed Premier Zhou Enlai's hard work and frugal life through "I", and expressed my respect and love for the Prime Minister.
19 My Comrade Qiu describes Qiu's heroic deeds of consciously observing discipline.
20. Song Dynasty poet Wang Anshi's poem "Boating in Guazhou" expresses the author's homesickness.
2 1, Meng Jiao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised selfless maternal love with the sunshine and grass in spring.
22. In the article of American writer budd schulberg, the mother's evaluation is "wonderful" and the father's evaluation is "terrible". These two extreme assertions have the same starting point, and that is love.
23. Ba Jin's article "Bird's Paradise" describes the different feelings of going to "Bird's Paradise" twice. This paper adopts the method of combining dynamic description with static description.
24. Jun Qing's article The First Snow expresses people's love for the first snow in winter. To sum up in one sentence: Xue Rui is a good omen.
25. The "wild" in Cao Jingzhuang's Suoxiyu actually refers to the beauty of natural wild in Suoxiyu.
26. The Tale of the Deer and the Wolf introduces a series of stories in Cobber Forest Park. The relationship between deer and wolf is actually a kind of mutual restriction and connection.
27. The article "Fanka" by Chekhov, a Russian writer, described the tragic fate of poor children in the old Russian society under the czar, and exposed the darkness of the social system at that time.
28. The article "the little scribe" by Italian writer Armitage praised Sellyew's virtue of caring for his parents and bravely taking on family responsibilities.
29. Zhu Changchao's article "Challenging Destiny" has made great achievements in science through Hawking's tenacious struggle, revealing to people that success can be achieved as long as he is not afraid of failure, difficulties and challenges of fate.
30. The folk story "July 7th" and "Queqiao" tells the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, who represent the working people and the Queen Mother represent the feudal rulers.
3 1, "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl" praised the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl's spirit of pursuing freedom and happiness, and lashed the tyranny and cruelty of the Queen Mother.
Twelve volumes
1, Mao Zedong's "Operator Yongmei", eulogized the independence, beauty, optimism and modesty of plum blossom cold ling, and expressed that the author was not proud of himself.
2. The word "Bu Operator" written by Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty praised the perseverance of plum blossoms despite being devastated and repeatedly hit.
3. Li Xinghua's memoir "Memories of Sixteen Years ago" expresses the author's admiration and deep nostalgia for his father by recalling that the revolutionary martyr Li Dazhao was killed by the warlord Zhang. The article adopts the writing method of front and back care.
4. The article "Lights" by contemporary writers recalls the heroic dedication of Hao, the heroic deputy battalion commander, to let the children live a happy life.
5. "Serving the People" is an argumentative essay at Zhang Side's memorial service.
6. "People are inherently mortal, or heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather" is a famous saying in the Historical Records of Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty.
7. The production party of China and the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army under its leadership have the same purpose: to serve the people completely and thoroughly.
8. Yan 'an, I'm Looking for You is a new poem, which expresses the poet's urgent mood to inherit and carry forward the Yan 'an spirit.
9. The article "Looking forward to the Olympic Games" expresses the author's great excitement and pride in Beijing's successful bid for the Olympic Games.
10, sports is not just sports, it affects everything with its own special charm: the fairness, openness, justice and objectivity embodied in competitive sports have realized the ideal of human beings pursuing real equality and fair competition; The Olympic spirit of "Higher, Faster and Stronger" connects the peace, friendship, progress and development of the world.
1 1 Zhan Tianyou tells the story of Zhan Tianyou presiding over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjia Railway, which shows Zhan Tianyou's patriotism and outstanding talent and reflects the wisdom and strength of the people of China.
12, herringbone line designed by Zhan Tianyou. Juyongguan Tunnel adopts the method of middle drilling at both ends at the same time, and Badaling Tunnel adopts the method of middle drilling.
13 Soong Ching Ling and her nanny praised Soong Ching Ling's spirit of defying unreasonable traditional habits, promoting democracy and equality, and respecting the noble personality of working people.
14, the article "Facing Life" inspired us to face life positively.
15, "Long Songs" is a folk song of Yuefu in Han Dynasty. "Xing" is an ancient poetic genre.
16, "Long Songs" uses things to express feelings and exhorts people to cherish time and work hard as soon as possible, and don't wait until they are old, and then sigh in vain.
17, a seven-step poem by Cao Zhi, a poet of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, expresses the poet's grief and indignation at his brother's oppression.
18, Wang Changling, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a frontier fortress poem. The whole poem reflects the author's sympathy for the soldiers stationed in the frontier and expresses the poet's good wishes for national peace and people's life stability. The poem "Flying Generals in Dragon City" refers to Li Guang, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty.
19, grass boat borrows arrows from Luo Guanzhong's classic historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. This article is written in the order of events. Characters: Zhuge Liang-ingenious, brilliant, Zhou Yu-jealous, narrow-minded, Lu Su-loyal and trustworthy.
20. "Xiang Xiang He" is selected from Sima Qian's Historical Records. The text is divided into three stories: "Return to Zhao in perfect condition", "Mianchi's meeting" and "offer a humble apology". Character image: Lin Xiangru-witty and brave, not afraid of violence, focusing on national interests, taking care of the overall situation and knowing the general situation; Lian Po-Dare to change.
Jingyanggang is adapted from Shi Naian's classic novel Water Margin. This article shows Song Wu's bold, brave and witty character.
22. The Birth of the Monkey King was first selected from Wu Cheng'en's classic fairy tale The Journey to the West. It shows that the stone monkey is lively and lovely, and dare to do something.
23. Xiuzi is the representative work of Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the poem, the author expressed his anger at the humiliation of the imperial court and his desire to recover lost land, absorb national humiliation and unify the motherland in the form of a will.
24. The banks of the Yellow River recovered by the imperial army are known as Du Fu's "fastest poems in his life" in the Tang Dynasty. This seven-character poem shows the poet anxious to return's joy in regaining lost ground.
25. In a hurry is an essay by Zhu Ziqing, a famous modern writer. This paper traces the passage of time around the word "hurry", expresses the author's helplessness and regret for wasting time, and reveals the complex mood of young people in the old society who are awake but uncertain about the future.
26. The article Unforgettable Enlightenment expresses the author's reverence, gratitude and nostalgia for the enlightenment teacher.
27. The article "Three grams of radium" shows people Madame Curie's great personality: even for the sake of science, you can't take scientific research results for yourself.
28. The Little Match Girl is a fairy tale by Danish writer Andersen. It tells the story of a little match girl who froze to death in the street on New Year's Eve, expressing the author's deep sympathy for the poor.
29. The author of The Poor is Russian writer Lev Torst. The text tells the story of a fisherman and his wife, Sang Na, who took the initiative to adopt two children of their neighbor Simon, showing the diligence and kindness of Sang Na and the fisherman, who would rather suffer than help others.
Robinson Crusoe is a novel by Defoe, an English writer. This article depicts a brave, resourceful, strong and capable hero.
3 1, Slave Hero is a one-act play, which tells the story of the Roman slave uprising more than two thousand years ago and praises the rebellious spirit of the slave hero Spartak.
32. Baoding in the Century is an expository article, which shows the artistic creativity of the people of China and expresses the good wishes of the people of China for the United Nations and the new century.
33. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an expository article. The original picture is the work of Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
34. Fable "Spear and Shield" People should seek truth from facts when speaking and doing things, and don't exaggerate and contradict themselves. "Zheng Ren buys shoes" is ironic, superstitious and disrespectful of objectivity.