First, a reasonable dietary structure, the dietary principle of hyperlipidemia is "four lows and one high", that is, low calorie, low fat, low cholesterol, low sugar and high fiber diet.
1. Control calorie intake. The daily calorie intake of each person should be controlled within 294 calories/kg body weight. Animal fat and cholesterol intake should also be very strict. No more than 300 mg per person per day. Try not to eat or eat less animal offal. No more than one egg a day. Vegetable oil containing peanut oil should be advocated. Milk, fish, beans, lean meat, seafood, vegetables and fruits should be used more.
2. The salt intake per person per day should be less than 8g.
Second, a scientific way of life.
The prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia should also pay attention to the regularity of lifestyle, properly participate in sports (sports food) and recreational activities, avoid smoking and drinking, avoid mental stress and maintain a good attitude.
Third, regular physical examination.
Obesity over 45 years old, family history of hyperlipidemia, frequent social intercourse and great mental stress are all high-risk groups. It is recommended to check blood lipids once a year.
Fourth, drug supervision.
The most fundamental purpose of lipid-lowering therapy is to prevent and delay the occurrence of coronary heart disease, stroke and other diseases. When the blood lipid can't drop to the ideal level after adjusting the diet structure reasonably, changing the bad living habits and strengthening physical exercise, drug treatment must be carried out, and the treatment of hyperlipidemia must take drugs for a long time.
Many natural medicines and foods have good blood lipid lowering effects. These medicines are: hawthorn, salvia miltiorrhiza, Alisma orientalis, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Semen Cassiae, Polygonatum sibiricum, Radix Puerariae, Pollen Typhae, Lotus Leaf, Ginkgo Leaf, etc. These drugs can be decocted in water and used instead of tea, with good lipid-lowering effect.
Tea therapy for hyperlipidemia
1, single tea: oolong tea, green tea and Pu 'er tea.
2, slimming tea: green tea, hawthorn, lotus leaf and so on. 65438±00g each time, decocted in boiling water, 2-3 times a day. Can reduce blood fat and weight, and prevent coronary heart disease. Is suitable for hyperlipidemia and obesity.
3. Sambo tea: Pu 'er tea, chrysanthemum and Siraitia grosvenorii are equally divided (or 6g each). The three medicines are made into coarse powder, each bag is 20g. Once a day, brew with boiling water. Has that effect of lowering blood pressure, reduce blood fat and losing weight. It can prevent and treat headache and dizziness caused by hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperactivity of liver yang.
4. Eucommia oolong tea: oolong tea, Eucommia bark, etc. Refine into cans, and take/kloc-0 each time in the morning and evening. Has the effects of reducing blood fat, lowering blood pressure and losing weight. Indications: hyperlipidemia, hypertension and obesity.
5, Qingxiu tea: choose pure natural plants such as Duya, sweet tea, honeysuckle, lotus leaf, medlar and so on. Make tea bags twice a day. Has the effects of reducing blood fat, lowering blood pressure, relaxing bowels and resisting aging.
Dietary precautions:
1, the staple food is generally rice and flour, but we prefer coarse grains, such as oats, cereal and corn flour. Because these foods contain more inorganic salts and vitamins and are rich in dietary fiber, they can lower blood sugar and help control blood sugar. In particular, drinking tartary buckwheat tea for a long time without getting angry has a good therapeutic effect on reducing hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension!
2. The protein source of hyperglycemia patients is soybean and its bean products. On the one hand, the protein it contains is of good quality; On the other hand, it contains no cholesterol and has the function of lowering blood fat, so it can replace some animal foods, such as meat.
3. During the calorie control period, when you are still hungry, you can eat some vegetables with less sugar, boil them in water and add some seasonings. Vegetables are essential foods for diabetics because of their high dietary fiber, high water content, low thermal energy and strong satiety.
4. Foods forbidden to eat include: white sugar, red pond, glucose and sugary sweets, such as candy, cakes, jam, candied fruit, ice cream and sweet drinks. In addition, there are potatoes, yams, taro, lotus roots, garlic sprouts, carrots and so on. , containing more carbohydrates, using less after eating or reducing the corresponding staple food.
5. Lard, butter, foreign oil, cream, butter, etc. Those rich in saturated fatty acids are seldom used, so it is better not to use them. Vegetable oil can be used instead of some animal oil. Peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds and melon seeds also contain a lot of fat. Try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
6. Egg yolk and viscera of animals such as liver, brain and waist contain quite high cholesterol and should be used as little as possible or not.
7. Fruit contains glucose and fructose, which can raise blood sugar, so when blood sugar and urine sugar are relatively stable, fasting blood sugar.
8. Alcohol, mainly containing alcohol, has high heat production and few other nutrients, so it is not suitable for drinking.
9. In addition to controlling the total calories, the diet of patients with hyperglycemia should also be diversified, but due to the limitation of sugar and salt, the taste of dishes is relatively simple. In view of this, there are many sweeteners in the market that do not produce heat and do not contain any nutrients, such as stevia and sweet sugar. In recent two years, there is a kind of sweetener, proteoglycan, which is composed of amino acids, has no fever and side effects, and is an ideal sweetener at present, such as Newt sugar, yuanzhen sugar and so on.
10, for insulin-dependent patients, it is also necessary to strictly implement diet control under the guidance of doctors and nutritionists. For obese diabetic patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease, in addition to strict diet control, animal viscera, egg yolk, roe and so on. Animal oils such as butter, lard and butter are strictly controlled, and saturated fatty acids are not good for preventing atherosclerosis.
1 1. For diabetic patients with renal insufficiency, besides controlling the total calories, we should also pay attention to the intake of less salt, no salt or less sodium and less protein according to the condition. Protein's supply should not be too high, avoid soy products. For uremia, a low-protein diet should be adopted. Protein takes about 30 grams a day. Wheat starch should be used as staple food instead of rice, flour and protein to supply high-quality protein, such as milk, eggs and lean meat.
12, Ginkgo biloba leaves: Ginkgo biloba leaves can also reduce blood lipids and cholesterol, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, prevent arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction, and prevent thrombosis.
What fruit is good for hyperlipidemia-apple
Apples are rich in pectin (a water-soluble dietary fiber), which can reduce the concentration of cholesterol in blood and prevent fat accumulation.
Pectin in apples can also be combined with other cholesterol-lowering substances, such as vitamin C, fructose and magnesium. To form new compounds, thus enhancing the efficacy of lowering blood lipid.
It is reported that people who eat 1 ~ 2 apples a day can reduce their blood cholesterol by 10%. In view of this, we can form a good habit of eating apples every day.
● Holly seed1500g, and proper amount of honey. Decoct Ilex pubescens in water twice for 65,438+/-0 hours each time, removing residues, combining the two liquid medicines, concentrating into paste, drying and pulverizing, adding appropriate amount of honey, mixing, and bottling for later use. At the same time, the daily dose is equivalent to 50 grams of Ilex pubescens, which is taken on an empty stomach three times, and the course of treatment is L months 1. Suitable for hyperlipidemia.
● 4 lotus roots, 200g mung beans and carrots 125g. Wash mung beans, soak them in water for half a day, filter dry, wash carrots, chop and mash them, and mix them with appropriate amount of white sugar for later use. Wash the lotus root and cut it with a knife at one end near the lotus node, keeping the cut part. Fill the lotus root hole with the stirred mung bean radish sauce until it is full. Then cover the cut parts, stick them firmly or tie them with bamboo sticks or strings, steam them in a pot and eat them as snacks. Eat often. Reduce blood fat and soften blood vessels. Suitable for hyperlipidemia.
20g of wormwood, raw hawthorn 15g, raw malt 15g. Put the above medicines into a casserole, add appropriate amount of water, decoct for 20 minutes, filter to keep juice, decoct for another 20 minutes, remove residues to get juice, and mix the decoctions evenly twice a day, each time 100 ml, which can be taken continuously for half a month. Clearing liver and gallbladder, clearing away heat and dampness, and activating spleen to treat obesity. Indications of patients with early hyperlipidemia.
[Edit this paragraph] Dietary details of hyperlipidemia
The general principles of fatty liver diet conditioning are: controlling total calories, limiting fat, losing weight, and urging yourself to use the accumulated fat in the body.
1, keep the diversity of daily food.
Patients with fatty liver should increase, not decrease, the types of daily food. Various foods contain different nutrients. Except breast milk, no natural food can provide all the nutrients needed by the human body. The human body needs more than 40 kinds of nutrients every day, and one or several simple foods can't meet the nutritional needs of patients with fatty liver. Therefore, in order to achieve a balanced diet and meet various nutritional needs of the human body, it is necessary to eat a wide range of foods, including cereals, animal foods, vegetables and fruits, bean products, dairy products, oils and fats, etc., in a reasonable proportion.
2. Grain is the basis of daily diet.
For patients with fatty liver, cereals should be the main source of daily energy and the basis of their daily diet. However, with the improvement of living standards, the consumption of animal food in many big cities in China has tended to exceed that of cereals, which is extremely unfavorable for the prevention of chronic diseases such as fatty liver. Therefore, we should vigorously carry forward the fine tradition of "grain-oriented" China diet and avoid the disadvantages of "meat-oriented" Western diet. Among cereals, we should advocate choosing some coarse grains.
3. Eat animal food in moderation and eat marine fish 2 ~ 3 times a week.
Animal food is a good source of high-quality protein, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals. Reasonable and moderate consumption of animal food will not only lead to chronic diseases such as fatty liver, on the contrary, because the amino acid pattern of animal protein is more suitable for human needs, its lysine content is higher, which is beneficial to supplement the shortage of lysine in cereal protein; At the same time, fish (especially marine fish) contains more unsaturated fatty acids, which plays a unique role in preventing chronic diseases. Therefore, to prevent fatty liver, it is advisable to eat 1 ~ 2 lean meat every day (fat meat and meat oil are prohibited) and fish (especially marine fish) 2 ~ 3 times a week.
4. Eat 2 beans and their products every day.
Soybean is a high-quality plant protein. Its protein content is as high as 30% ~ 50%, and it is rich in eight essential amino acids needed by human body. It is the only high-protein food in plant food that can compete with animal food. Soybean lecithin can promote liver fat metabolism and prevent fatty liver from forming. The phytosterol contained in it is not absorbed by human body and can inhibit the absorption of animal cholesterol. Soybean isoflavones also have a certain antioxidant effect, which is necessary for patients with fatty liver. However, because amino acids cannot be stored in the body, there is no practical benefit from excessive intake of soy products. It is advisable to eat about 2 liang of bean products every day.
5. Eat 1 kg of vegetables and 2 fruits every day.
Vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and natural antioxidants. It is suggested to choose red, yellow and dark green vegetables and fruits under the guidance of the principle of food diversification, because they are important sources of carotene, vitamin B2 and vitamin C. In order to prevent fatty liver, 500 grams of fruit (dinner) and 2 fruits (dinner) should be eaten every day. It should be noted that fruit is generally eaten as a supplementary meal, that is, in the middle of two main meals (such as 10 am or 3 pm), it is not recommended to eat fruit immediately before or after meals, so as to avoid overloading the pancreas by ingesting too many carbohydrates at one time.
Step 6 control energy intake
The heat supply of fatty liver patients should not be too high. Patients with fatty liver who engage in mild activities should be given 30 ~ 35 kcal/kg daily to prevent obesity and aggravate fat accumulation. For obese or overweight people, 20 ~ 25 kcal/kg per day to control or reduce weight.
7. Appropriately increase the intake of protein.
High protein diet (1.5 ~ 1.8g/kg) can be adopted to avoid protein consumption in vivo, which is beneficial to the repair and regeneration of hepatocytes. It is important to keep the balance of amino acids. Methionine, cystine, tryptophan, threonine and lysine in protein have anti-fatty liver effects.
8. Cut down on sugar and sweets.
Too much sugar can be converted into fat, leading to obesity and promoting the formation of fatty liver. Carbohydrates should be mainly cereals, without refined sugar, honey, fruit juice, jam, preserves and other sweets and desserts.
9. Control fat and cholesterol
Vegetable oil contains no cholesterol, and sitosterol or stigmasterol and essential fatty acids have good lipid-lowering effect, which can prevent or eliminate fatty degeneration of liver cells and is beneficial to fatty liver. For patients with fatty liver, the total amount of food and edible oil supplied throughout the day should not exceed 40 grams, and foods with high cholesterol should be controlled in moderation.
10, daily dietary fiber supplement
The diet should be thick and thin to ensure adequate dietary fiber. Increasing the supply of vitamins and minerals can supplement the deficiency of liver disease, which is conducive to the elimination of metabolic waste and has a good effect on regulating blood lipid and blood sugar levels.
Coarse grains such as oats and buckwheat should be added to the daily diet, as well as foods rich in dietary fiber such as kelp, konjac and fresh vegetables. Suggestion: Choose whole grains and whole grains for breakfast; Use some coarse grains instead of fine rice flour, but the coarse grains should not be more than the total; Bean foods, such as red beans and mung beans, can be added to the daily diet; You must eat vegetables every day, especially the leaves and stems of vegetables.
It should be noted that dietary fiber is not "the more the better". Excessive intake may cause abdominal distension and indigestion, may also affect the absorption of calcium, iron, zinc and other elements, and may also reduce the digestion and absorption rate of protein. Especially for patients with fatty liver, patients with weakened gastrointestinal function, patients with enteritis and intestinal surgery, and patients prone to hypoglycemia. , pay more attention. In addition, if you suddenly switch from a low-fiber diet to a high-fiber diet in a short time, it may lead to a series of digestive tract intolerance reactions, such as flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain and so on. Therefore, we should pay attention to increasing dietary fiber step by step and drink more water at the same time.
1 1, use olive oil appropriately.
The content of monounsaturated fatty acids in olive oil is as high as 80%, and it also contains squalene, sitosterol, provitamin A and vitamin E which are beneficial to cardiovascular health. This makes olive oil have a strong ability to resist oxidation and prevent cardiovascular diseases. In some Mediterranean countries that consume a lot of olive oil, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is much lower than other European countries. In addition, the latest research shows that regular consumption of olive oil can also prevent calcium loss, prevent gallstones and hypertension, reduce the incidence of cancer, and reduce gastric acid and blood sugar. Therefore, olive oil is well-deserved as a "green and healthy edible oil".
For patients with fatty liver, appropriate amount of olive oil can be used to reduce blood lipid, thus preventing the occurrence or aggravation of fatty liver to some extent.
12, no drinking
Alcohol does more harm than good to human body. First of all, alcohol contains high heat energy, and 1 g alcohol can produce 7 kilocalories, which is an important dietary factor leading to obesity. Secondly, drinking alcohol will lead to loss of appetite, affect normal eating, and cause various nutritional deficiencies. Also, the biggest harm of alcohol is to damage the liver, leading to fatty liver, and even alcoholic cirrhosis in severe cases. In addition, long-term drinking may also increase blood lipid levels and arteriosclerosis; Increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Increase the risk of hypertension, stroke, etc. Methanol, a toxic component in liquor, will directly damage your peripheral nerves and lead to various nervous system diseases. Therefore, for patients with fatty liver, alcohol must be banned.