Traditional Chinese medicine detoxification, like other clinics, should highlight the characteristics of syndrome differentiation and treatment to meet the needs of excess and deficiency, cold and heat. It can be seen from clinical prescriptions that the detoxification treatment of opioid addiction should focus on wind, phlegm, toxin, blood stasis, qi, cold and deficiency, and strengthen the body resistance and eliminate evil. In order to get better curative effect, we should observe the machine carefully, distinguish the false from the true in detail, legislate rationally and send prescriptions.
Early abstinence, weathering and heat removal
The method of expelling wind and removing heat is suitable for the initial stage of withdrawal, which usually appears 5~6 hours after withdrawal. Because wind, pathogenic fire and poison invade the meridians, burn the muscle surface, and make the poison gas contained inside and sent out. Symptoms include sweating, hair erect, fear of cold, tears in eyes and muscle and bone pain. Even muscle tremors, dark red lips, red tongue, thin yellow fur and floating pulse. The prescription is modified with Wuhu decoction. The commonly used drugs in this method are honeysuckle, forsythia, ephedra, cicada slough, pollen and so on.
Heat-clearing and detoxicating method for removing middle energizer
The method of clearing heat and detoxicating is suitable for the middle period of drug withdrawal, and generally appears on the 5 th and 6 th day after drug withdrawal. Opioid smoke is toxic and warm, and it turns into fire. Fire poison contains triple energizer, full of blood, and good and evil struggle. Symptoms include fever, restlessness, cold drink preference, chills, mental fatigue, anxiety and panic, delirium, muscle twitching, vomiting, excessive phlegm and saliva, abdominal pain and constipation, diarrhea and bet, yellow urine, dark lips, red tongue, yellow fur and slippery pulse. This recipe is modified by Qingwen Baidu Decoction. The commonly used drugs in this method are pine leaves, dandelion, pumpkin vine juice (leaves and powder), licorice, kapok, hyssop and so on.
Poison into blood-method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis
Long-term drug abuse, toxic pathogens entering the blood, disrupting the operation of qi and blood, causing qi disorder and blood stagnation, or injuring the five internal organs and consuming qi and blood, but qi stagnation and blood stasis, qi deficiency and blood stasis, cold coagulation and blood stasis. The basic manifestations are headache, toothache, stomachache, abdominal pain, joint pain and other pains, such as acupuncture and knife cutting, or ant bite pain, accompanied by strange itching, which is often aggravated at night. Black face, thin body, wrong skin, purple lips and claws, female amenorrhea. The tongue is purple and dark, or ecchymosis is seen, and the pulse is fine and astringent. Its treatment is either activating qi and activating blood, warming yang and activating blood, or invigorating qi and activating blood. For example, Kangfuning III is mainly composed of Ligusticum Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Corydalis and Cortex Moutan, which can promote blood circulation, promote qi circulation and relieve pain, supplemented by Zizyphus jujuba and Acorus calamus, and has the effects of astringing sweat, promoting fluid production, inducing resuscitation and regulating the stomach, supplemented by Pinellia ternata and Fructus Aurantii. "Yinxieshu" uses Chuanxiong and Corydalis to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and coordinates drugs with Paeonia lactiflora, Gastrodia elata, aconite root to warm kidney and help yang, and licorice. "Jiumi Fang" consists of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Sanguis Draxonis, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Calculus Bovis, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Cortex Phellodendri and Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae. This prescription has the functions of detoxicating, eliminating pathogenic factors, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, regulating qi and relieving pain, consolidating the foundation and calming the nerves. The commonly used drugs in the compound are Rhizoma Corydalis, Carthami Flos, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae, Rauvolfia, Valeriana officinalis, Herba Lysimachiae Christinae, Herba Chelidonii, Bidens bipinnata, Rhizoma Corydalis Decumbentis, snake venom, Flos Daturae, Daphne giraldii, and Rhodiola.
Relieve symptoms-method of dredging fu-organs and removing turbidity
At present, the opioids used are heroin, morphine and dolantin, and most of them are hot inhalation or intravenous injection (intramuscular injection). Poisonous and turbid qi enters the lungs through the nose and mouth, and the inhalation invades the lungs, which makes the lung qi suffocate and the lung qi loses its propaganda; Eating into the stomach erodes the spleen and stomach, causing gastrointestinal stagnation and Fu Qi stagnation; The gas of tobacco poison directly enters the blood, which hurts body fluid and consumes blood. Symptoms include yawning, tears, cold limbs, skin like goose skin, upset, loss of language ability, capricious crying, sleepless nights, even death, anorexia, fatigue, emaciation, abdominal pain, constipation, even a few days, sallow complexion, even darkness, body pain, itchy bones and poor urination. The tongue is purple and dark, and the moss is thin and yellow. It can also be seen as dark gray, dry, insufficient body fluid, and astringent pulse. On the basis of Dachaihu Decoction and Huanglian Xiexin Decoction, the fairy prescription Jiedu Ling was put forward. It is characterized by clearing away toxic substances and turbidity, dredging fu-organs and purging excess, and discharging toxic and turbid qi from bottom to top. If the triple energizer is cleared, the function of fu-organs depression can be gradually restored and all symptoms can be alleviated. The commonly used drugs in this method are mirabilite, senna, Lysimachia christinae, aloe and so on.
Drug Dependence —— Spleen Strengthening and Phlegm Resolving Method
In the early stage of opioid dependence, tobacco poison is usually introduced into the body through the nasal cavity (chasing dragons). Lung is the crown of five internal organs and the source of water god. Smoke poison enters through the nasal passage, and the lung receives it first, so that it cannot pass through the waterway, and the body fluid stops at phlegm; When food enters the stomach, the spleen loses its health, gathering dampness and producing phlegm. Symptoms include bluish complexion, dizziness, palpitation, vomiting, anorexia, vomiting during eating, abdominal pain and diarrhea, chest tightness and belching, accompanied by yawning and salivation, aversion to cold, fatigue and weakness, or cough, sticky phlegm, white cough or thick phlegm, chest tightness, even wheezing, light and greasy tongue coating, and slippery pulse. The prescription is Lizhong decoction combined with Houpu Wenzhong decoction plus Evodia rutaecarpa and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus. , can warm the middle and dispel cold, strengthen the spleen and dry dampness, and regulate qi. Or Erchen decoction, has expectorant, antitussive, anti-inflammatory and antiasthmatic effects, and can improve the sputum viscosity of drug addicts. Commonly used drugs are Poria, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Pinellia ternata, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Fructus Trichosanthis and bamboo shavings.
Long-term addiction-calming wind and relieving spasm
Long-term smoking of opioids consumes gas and injures yin, which leads to deficiency of liver yin and blood, stagnation of liver yang and imbalance of wind and yang, leading to hyperactivity of liver yang due to yin deficiency and wind movement. Symptoms include dizziness, headache, bitter taste, tinnitus, limb spasm, muscle tremor or muscle twitching, limb peristalsis, etc. Such as the "addictive" side. In the prescription, Radix Paeoniae Alba softens the liver, Rhizoma Gastrodiae calms the liver and calms the wind, and it is compatible with Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Corydalis for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and Radix Glycyrrhizae, so as to harmonize the medicines. The commonly used drugs in this method are antelope horn, gastrodia elata, tortoise plastron, turtle shell, scorpion, centipede, white peony root, mother of pearl, Uncaria rhynchophylla and so on.
Mental dependence-soothing the liver and relieving depression
Drug addicts are symptoms of mental and physical dependence on drugs. Mental symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, belong to the category of "depression syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine, which is caused by stagnation of liver qi and stagnation of qi. Symptoms include listlessness, painful expression, depression and negativity, boredom in the heart, sighing, loss of appetite, fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, indifference, red tongue, yellow or white fur, and thready pulse. This prescription is flavored with Xiaoyao powder. The commonly used drugs in this method are Bupleurum, turmeric, green tangerine peel, white peony root, corydalis tuber and so on.
Long-term physical weakness-tonifying qi and blood method
Long-term opium addiction and waste of diet lead to loose diet, abandonment of grain, withered description, deficiency of qi and blood, deficiency of liver and kidney, and bone loss. Symptoms include pale face, mental fatigue, lack of breath or laziness in speaking, low voice, fatigue and spontaneous sweating, cough and asthma, emaciation, dry fur, fat tongue or tooth marks, white fur, weak or thin pulse. This prescription is modified by Guipi Decoction or Ginseng Siwu Decoction. Commonly used drugs are ginseng, codonopsis pilosula, astragalus, American ginseng, angelica, Saussurea involucrata, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Polygonum multiflorum and so on.
Method of nourishing liver and kidney by consuming qi and damaging yin
Opioid drugs are bitter and pungent, warm and dry, consuming gas and hurting yin. For example, Wang Yicun said, "Foreign cigarettes taste bitter ... bitterness helps fire. Dry is not fire, both internal and external body fluids are dry, thirsty and fond of drinking, chest heat and irritability, and love to eat fruits and cold things. The law should nourish yin and promote fluid production, and it is not suitable for treating heat syndrome. " Symptoms include upset and fever, red cheekbones in the afternoon, dry throat and mouth, hot flashes and night sweats, dry cough with scanty phlegm, soreness of waist and knees, nocturnal emission in men, scanty menstruation and short red urine in women, sore bones and muscles, red tongue with little or no coating, and rapid pulse. Prescription is like the addition and subtraction of the whole smoking cessation method. Commonly used drugs are Lycium barbarum, Ophiopogon japonicus, Adenophora adenophora, Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis, Carapax Trionycis and so on.
Long-term Inhalation Deficiency-Warming and Activating Yang Qi Method
The pungent smell of smoke poison escapes, opens the airway, dissipates vital qi, which is easy to cause qi deficiency, and will hurt Yang for a long time, resulting in deficiency-cold syndrome; Moreover, addicts like to vomit and catch cold, and the atrioventricular excess often leads to yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, endogenous yin cold, warm viscera and yang loss; If you indulge in smokeless astringency, you may have excessive deficiency of qi and yang, which may lead to the syndrome of yang failure and want to get rid of it. Symptoms include general or partial chills or cold limbs, pale face, squatting in the abdomen, shivering, goose bumps all over the body, frequent urination at night, loose stool, nocturnal emission, impotence, irregular menstruation, pale tongue with fat and white fur and heavy pulse. Or cold sweat, limb syncope, dying. Prescriptions Mahuang Fuzi Asarum Decoction, Shenfu Decoction, Gancao Fuzi Decoction, Tongmai Sini Decoction and Shengmai Powder can all be applied. Commonly used drugs are aconite, cordyceps sinensis, curculigo, epimedium, Cynomorium songaricum, asarum, epimedium, cinnamon, psoralea corylifolia and so on.
The author thinks that the treatment of withdrawal syndrome should adopt one, two or more methods according to syndrome differentiation, organically combine the elimination of pathogenic factors with the strengthening of body resistance, and always adhere to the principle of pathogenesis in order to achieve better curative effect.
Detoxification,