In May of the seventh year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 3 1 year), Emperor Guangwu wanted to discuss with Doctor Qing and Doctor Qing that "Han should be a suburban Yao". Yu Shi Du Lin remonstrated: "The people have no foolish wisdom. They think of Hande and are happy to inherit Hans. The foundation is special, not because of Yao. Yao is far away from Han, and the people don't know the letter, but they don't like it. ..... Suburb worships the emperor, sincerely gains the popularity of the people and wins the goodwill of all countries. The world should be blessed, and it doesn't stop there. The people are worshipped, and they are still the masters of the world, without losing their customs. ..... The ancestral temple is the most important, and it is hard for everyone to violate it. ..... Fang Jun is really outside, and the sacrifice can be like the story of the suburban sacrifice in the first year. " [17] It means that the origin of the rise of the Han Dynasty lies not in Yao, but in the contribution of (Liu Bang), so we should make sacrifices according to the wishes of the people. But now the army soldiers are still fighting outside, and the world has not yet been decided. Let's do it according to the style of rural sacrifice in the first year of Jianwu (AD 25), and don't sacrifice Gaudi yet. This opinion was adopted by Emperor Guangwu. It was not until the twelfth year of Jianwu (AD 36) that the dragons and Shu were pacified that the suburban sacrifices were expanded and food was given to Emperor Gao. This way of offering sacrifices to Emperor Gaozu is more grand than offering sacrifices in a high temple. After the death of Emperor Guangwu, in the second year (AD 59), Ming Di offered sacrifices to Emperor Guangwu in Tang Ming. In October of the same year, "Traveling west, fortunately Chang 'an, the temple is high." In November, "emissaries went to the prison shrine to meet Xiao He and Huo Guang. The emperor's mausoleum, through its mausoleum. "[18] This is the earliest record of the incumbent emperor offering sacrifices to the famous ministers of the previous generation. When he was in Ming Di, he also offered sacrifices to five emperors and ministers in different seasons. On that day in beginning of spring, the Spring Festival was held in Bali, the eastern suburb of Luoyang, where Di Qing and Ju Mang were sacrificed. When offering sacrifices, the flag clothes are all blue. On the day of long summer, Qili in the southern suburbs welcomed the summer and offered sacrifices to Chi Di and Zhu Rong. By then, the flag clothing will all be red. During the first 18 days in beginning of autumn, people greeted Huangling in Zhao Zhong (going to the capital of Wuli) to offer sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor and Hou Di. At that time, the flag clothing was all yellow. On this day in beginning of autumn, we will welcome autumn in Jiuli, a western suburb, to pay homage to Bai Di and Ru Shou. By then, all the flag costumes will be white. On this day in beginning of winter, I greeted the winter in the northern suburb of Liuli and offered sacrifices to Hei Di and Xuan Ming. By then, the flag clothing will be all black. [19] This is an example of worshipping Heaven Emperor and Minister God together. In February of the second year of Yuanhe (AD 85), Emperor Zhang made a tour of Mount Tai, and sent messengers to the Lingtai in Chengyang, Yin Ji to worship Emperor Yao Yitai. The next day, the Tang Ming ancestral temple built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Wenshang was enshrined by Emperor Guangwu. On another day, each of them used a prison to pay homage to Tang Ming's Gaozu, Taizong, Sejong, Zhongzong and Xianzong. After that, he visited the state of Lu, and worshipped the East China Sea King, Confucius and seventy-two brothers. In April, I returned to Luoyang. In order to tell the temple to return to Beijing, I dedicated a cow to Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Guangwu. [20]
In the third year of filial piety in Kangning, Eastern Jin Dynasty (375), the ritual system of offering sacrifices to the first emperor changed greatly. "The story presents the royal pottery of Tingwei Temple, and the new ceremony turns to the Ministry of Law to offer sacrifices to the saints in imperial academy. Sacrifice the society in the old days and change Qiu Meng to welcome the autumn harvest. " [2 1] In May of the third year of Tianxing in the Northern Wei Dynasty (400 years), Emperor Daowu visited the east, thanks to Zhuolu (now southeast of Zhuolu in Hebei Province). "The envoys were Emperor Yao and Shun Di of Tailao Temple." [22] In the third year of Shenrui (4 15), in June, Yuan Di of Ming Dynasty marched eastward. Fortunately, Zhuolu climbed the Qiaoshan Mountain and visited the hot springs. "The messenger visited the Huangdi Temple in Tailao Temple. To Guangning (now Zhuolu), climb Lishan and sacrifice to Shunmiao. " [23] In the sixteenth year of Emperor Xiaowen (492), Zhao Yue said: "The law is applied to people's sacrifices, and there is a clear code; There is a routine for meritorious service and sacrifice. ..... There are five emperors to worship heaven: Yao and Shun are heavenly powers, and they can worship heaven in Pingyang (now southwest of Linfen, Shanxi); Shun spreads the wind of peace and leads to inaction, which can be worshipped in Guangning; Yu saved the flood and built the world, which can be enshrined in Anyi (now Yuncheng East, Shaanxi Province): metric rites and music can be enshrined in Luoyang; Its Xu Anni Temple plays a role in a different department in the Central Province. Since Wen Gong is above, you can make local priests close, and you can use the Qing Dynasty as a sacrifice. " [24]
The above examples show that during the six or seven hundred years from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Northern Dynasties, the feudal rulers' worship of the former emperors and famous officials never stopped, but it changed greatly, and the time, place, method and etiquette of sacrifice were not customized and standardized, which was obviously arbitrary.
(2) After the Sui Dynasty unified the world, the ritual system was purged, and the worship of the previous emperors and famous officials was also customized. In a big sacrifice (once every five years, in Xia Meng; Once every three years, in Mengdong), "and with its day, the first generation of princes and emperors are sacrificed to Pingyang to match; Shundi was in Hedong (now Zhou Pu, southwest of Yongji), and he was accused. Yu Xia is in Anyi, and Boyi is there; Tang Yin in Fenyin (now southwest of Wanrong County, Shaanxi Province), and Yi Yin; King Wen and King Wu are in the suburb of Fengwei, and Duke Zhou and Zhao Gong match; Emperor gaozu is in Changling, and Xiao He is a match. Everyone is too difficult to be happy. The competition is in the temple court. " [25] It can be seen that the Sui Dynasty has formed a set of time, place and pattern system for offering sacrifices to the previous emperors and famous officials.
In the early Tang Dynasty, there was no ancestor worship ceremony. Later, at the celebration, Minister Xu invited him, "I have a sacrifice every three years with stories. In mid-spring, Tang Yao offered a sacrifice to Pingyang; Sacrifice Yu Shun to Hedong to match it with resentment; Sacrifice Yu Xia in Anyi and Boyi; Sacrifice Tang Yin to Yanshi to Yi Yin; Sacrifice to Yan and match it with Taigong; Sacrifice Yu, Zhou Gonghe; Sacrifice the Emperor Gaozu in Changling, with Xiao He. " [26] It can be seen that the sacrifices to the first generation of emperors and famous ministers in the early Tang Dynasty were basically the same as those in the Sui Dynasty. In the middle Tang Dynasty, great changes took place. In the sixth year of Tianbao in Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (747), on the eleventh day of the first month, he growled: "Three emperors and five emperors set an example by creating things, and always said that turtle mirrors should be envied, while Huang San: Fuxi, with arrogance; Shennong, and Zhu Rong; Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor) is equipped with wind grazing. Five Emperors: Shao Hao, and Ru Shou; Zhuan Xu, with Yuan (Xuan) ghosts; Gao Xin, combined with Su; Tang Yao, with Xi Zhong and uncle; Yu Shun, there are real talents and dragons. It chooses the date and place to build the temple and measures what to build. Its musical instruments should be hung in the palace, and its sacrifices should be put in the prison (sheep and tapirs), and it is still enjoyed in spring and autumn. * * * order, success, so that Taichang Temple will stop. " On May 15th of the following year, the imperial edict said, "Although the ancient emperor wrote a deed in advance, he kept the title of Zhu's name, and told the emperor that he would rather forget the rank of sage than remember the achievements of Jue. The former emperors of Huang San wanted to set up temples in the capital, and now they are still near the temples of Three Emperors and Five Emperors, which are dedicated to the emperors, the emperors, the nested ones and the Sui people. Please allow the Temple of Three Emperors and Five Emperors to enjoy sacrifices in the spring and autumn. Where the emperors of past dynasties found traces, if there were no temples, the county and county offered sacrifices in a temple, which was shared by two people who could claim virtue at that time. Yu's capital is Anyi, now Xiaxian (referring to the Tang Dynasty, the same below), with Yu Boyi and Zhizong Boyi as partners. Tang is rich and is now a mature county in the valley, with Ahern Yi Yin and Zhong. Dujia, Zhou Wenwang, now Xianyang County, has an existing temple that worships Xiong and Qi Taigong. Zhou Wuwang is a pickaxe, shared by Wenwang Temple, with a surname, Duke Zhou and Taibao Zhao Gong. The capital of Qin Shihuang is Xianyang, and Prime Minister Li Si and Jianjun Wang Jian are partners. Emperor Gaozu set out from Peixian County (now Pengcheng County), accompanied by Sean, a teacher, and Xiao He, the prime minister. After starting from Nanyang, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty was accompanied by Stuart Deng Yu and General Geng Yan. Imperial city, history, especially. The capital of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty was Luoyang, accompanied by Zhang Zhang and General Yang Hucheng. When Wei Wudi rose from the clouds, Qiu Song and Shang rivaled him. Emperor Wen of Zhou started from Feng Yi, and senior minister Su Chuo, a general, was banned. Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty named Han Dong of the Sui Dynasty, and his servants shot General Gao Jiong and General He Ruobi. Let the county magistrate choose a day in the spring and autumn, offer fruits, vegetables and wine, and sincerely sacrifice. " [27] According to this, during the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, there were two imperial temples in Chang 'an, the capital city, namely the Five Emperors Temple in Huang San Temple and the former Imperial Temple in Huangsanqian. This is the beginning of the construction of the ancestral temple in Beijing in history, focusing on offering sacrifices to emperors before the Tang Dynasty. In addition, the Tang Dynasty also built temples in places where emperors made their fortune, so that local governors could make sacrifices on time. That is to say, since Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, emperors' sacrifices have been carried out in a "dual track system", and the number of emperors and famous officials enjoying sacrifices has also greatly increased.
As can be seen from the above, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the system of offering sacrifices to emperors and famous officials was further improved, and the randomness was reduced, which basically formed customization. Especially in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it was the first time to build an ancient imperial temple in Beijing.
(3) From the Lang Song Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, there were no emperors' temples in Bianliang and Hangzhou, and sacrifices were held to the emperors and famous officials of the previous generation at the location of their mausoleum temples. The number of emperors and famous ministers who sacrificed sacrifices has further increased, and there are primary and secondary points. Song Taizu gande four years (966), he announced that "emperors of past dynasties who contributed to the people, or recorded the history of Daoguang, will stop the sacrificial ceremony, but only the old chapter. Since the war, there have been too many days, and some departments have abolished their posts, which has caused them to fall. Or the appearance of the temple is set, and sacrifices are recommended; Or although there is a mausoleum, firewood is forbidden. I want to use it after reading it. Its Tai Hao (buried in Wanqiu, in), Nuwa (buried in the southeast of Zhaocheng County, in Jinzhou), Yan Di (buried in Changsha, in Tanzhou), Huangdi (buried in, in), Zhuan Xu (buried in Ganzhou), Gaoxin (buried in Dunqiu South, Puyang, in Hebei) in the middle of the river), and. If there is a temple elsewhere, it is also like a sacrifice. Shang Zhongzong Taiwu (buried in the southeast of Neihuang County), Gaozong Wuding (buried in the north of Xihua County of Zhou Chen), Zhou Chengwang Kang Wang (buried in Xianyang County of Jingzhao County), Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (Baling is in the eastern boundary of Wannian County of Jingzhao County), Xuan Di (Ling Du is in the southeast of Wannian County of Jingzhao County), Wei Taizu (Gao Pingling is in the southwest of Ye County of Xiangzhou) and Emperor Wu of Jin (all Yangling is in the southeast of Luoyang County of Henan Province). Qin Shihuang (mausoleum in Zhao Ying County, Jingzhao), Han Jingdi (mausoleum in Xianyang County, Jingzhao), Wu Wudi (Maoling in Xiping County, Jingzhao), Hou Hamming Emperor (xianjie mausoleum in the southeast of Luoyang County, Henan Province), Zhang Di (Gong Ling in the southeast of Luoyang County, Henan Province), Wei Wendi (Shouyang Mountain Shouyangling), Hou Weixiao Wendi (Changling in the southeast of Fuping County, Yaozhou) and Tang Yuan. The fifteenth emperor, Xian Zong (Jingling is in the northwest of pucheng county, Tongzhou), Xuanzong (Zheng Ling is in the northwest of Yunyang County, Yaozhou), Liang Taizu (Ling Xuan is in the northeast of Yanzhou County, Henan Province), Hou Tangzhuang Zong (Yongling is in the east of Xin 'an County, Henan Province), Ming Zong (Hui Ling is in the northeast of Luoyang County, Henan Province) and Jin Gaozu (Xianling is in the northwest of Shou 'an County, Henan Province) were given to two families each. Zhou Huanwang (buried in the northeast of Mianchi County, Henan Province), Ling Wang (buried in Xizhou Mountain in Baiting, southwest of Henan Province), Jing Wang (buried in Taicang, Luoyang County, Henan Province), Wei Liewang (buried in the northwest corner of Chengyang City, Henan Province), Han Di (in Xianyang County, Jingzhao), Cheng Di (Yanling is in Xianyang County, Jingzhao) and Ai Zong (Yiling is in Xianyang County, Jingzhao) Andi (Gong Ling is in the northeast of Luoyang), Shun Di (fairy), Chongdi (Huailing, In Luoyang County, Henan Province, east and west), Zhidi (Jingling is in the southeast of Luoyang, Henan Province), Xian Di (Zhu Ling is in the northwest of Zhuolu City, Xiuwu County, Huaizhou), Wei Mingdi (Ping Ling is in Dashishan, Heqing County, Henan Province), Guigui Xianggong (buried by Zhuojian River in Luoyang County, Henan Province), Chen Liuwang (buried in the west of Yexian County, Xiangzhou) and Jinhui Emperor (Sun Ling is Xiaojing Emperor of the Eastern Wei Dynasty (buried in Yexian County, Yaozhou) Zong Rui (Qiaoling is in the northwest of Pucheng County, Yaozhou), Dezong (chongling is in the north of Yunyang County, Yaozhou), Shunzong (Fengling is in the northeast of Fuping County, Yaozhou) and Mu Zong (Guangling is in the north of Pucheng County, Yaozhou). Zong Yi (Jianling is in the northwest of Fuping County, Yaozhou), Xizong (Jingling is in the northeast of Fengtian County, Ganzhou), Zhaozong (He Ling is in Gushi County, Henan Province), Liang Shaodi (buried in Yiqie County, Henan Province), Emperor of the Late Tang Dynasty (buried in the northeast of Luoyang County, Henan Province) and Sanba Mausoleum, all counties and counties often prohibit firewood collection. " [28]
Obviously, in the Song Dynasty, the sacrifices to emperors and famous ministers were not held in the capital, but scattered in the tombs of emperors. However, the number of emperors and famous ministers worshipped in the Song Dynasty not only increased further, but also treated them differently with distinctive characteristics.
(4) The code of worshipping the first emperor in Yuan Dynasty was not abolished, but it was not as grand as that in Tang and Song Dynasties. Every year during the Spring and Autumn Period, courtiers sacrificed to Yao Di Temple in Pingyang, Shun Di Temple in Hedong of Shanxi, Jinan of Shandong, Zhou Pu of Henan and Daozhou of Hunan, and Yu Di Temple in Longmen of Shanxi. When offering sacrifices, we just burn incense to pay tribute and read greetings. Zhou Wenwang Temple in Youli City, Tangyin, and Zhougong Temple in Qishan, Fengxiang Prefecture were also ordered to be dedicated, but there were sacrifices but no music. It is commendable that the Yuan Dynasty also built a number of ancient imperial temples, such as Fuxi, Nuwa, Shun and Tang temples, which settled Zhou, Zhou and Zhao Cheng in the river in the 12th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1275), and Pangu Temple in Sichuan in the 15th year (1278). [29]
(5) The Ming Dynasty attached great importance to the worship of emperors and famous officials, surpassing the previous generation. First of all, in the third year of Hongwu (1370), he sent envoys to visit the tombs of emperors, and got 79 places. After examination by officials of the Ministry of Rites, it was found that six of the thirty people had made outstanding contributions. They are Fuxi (in Chen County, Henan Province), Shennong (in Huguangling County), Huangdi (in central Shaanxi Province), Shao Hao (in Qufu, Shandong Province), Zhuan Xu (in hua county, Beiping), (in Dongping County, Shandong Province), Yu Shun (in Huguang ningyuan county), (in Huiji County, Zhejiang Province) and Shang Tang (in Shandong County). Kang Wang (in Xianyang), Emperor Gaozu (in Xianyang), Wendi (in Xianning, Shaanxi), Jingdi (in Xianyang), Wudi (in Xingping County, Shaanxi), Xuan Di (in Chang 'an), Guangwu (in Mengjin County, Henan Province), Ming Di (in Luoyang), Zhangdi (in Luoyang) and Houwei Wendi (in Fuping County, Shaanxi Province). Then, send officials to sacrifice. Emperor Wu of Hong personally delivered a congratulatory message, and the tombs gave silver twenty-five taels as a sacrifice. And ordered officials to bury those who saw the graves stolen; The damaged place should be completely repaired; If the temple falls down, it should be repaired; The local government should strictly prohibit the felling of lingmu and offer sacrifices to it on time every year. Since then, although there have been adjustments to individual emperors' tombs, the number of them has been maintained at 35 or 36. Each mausoleum is guarded by two mausoleum households, and a monument is erected to engrave the date and times of sacrifice, so that the local government can follow the sacrifice. In the sixth year (1373), Emperor Hongwu believed that the five emperors, three kings and pioneers in the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties should all set up temples to worship in Beijing, so he built the Imperial Temple in the sun of the Tianshan Mountains in Qin (Nanjing). This is the third time that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty formally established the Imperial Temple in Beijing after establishing the Temple of Three Emperors and Five Emperors in Chang 'an, the capital of China. Nanjing Emperor Temple, main hall with five rooms, and Huangsanyi Room (Taihao Fuxi's, Yan Di Shennong's and Huangdi Xuanyuan's); East Room 1 is dedicated to the Five Emperors (Shao Hao Jintian, Zhuan Xu Levin, Di Ku Gaoxin, Emperor Yao Tang Tao and Emperor Shun Youyu); West Room 1 is dedicated to Yu Xia, Shang Tang and Zhou Wenwang; Another room in the east is dedicated to Zhou Wuwang, Han Guangwu and Emperor Taizong; The other room in the west is dedicated to Emperor Gaozu, Tang Gaozu, Song Taizu and Yuan Shizu. Soon, he finally conquered Yin and won the world with the power of Emperor Taizong, so he laid sacrifices and increased sacrifices to Sui Gaozu (later). Sixteen emperors [30] in the temple all sat with plastic crowns, only Fuxi and Shennong did not wear coronation clothes, because there were no clothes at that time. After the completion of the emperors' temples in past dynasties, it is stipulated that the first day of the Spring and Autumn Festival is sacrificed every year. Emperor Hongwu personally went to the temple to offer sacrifices to the former emperor. In the twenty-first year (1388), Emperor Hongwu issued a letter to pay homage to famous ministers of past dynasties. According to the instructions, the etiquette officer drew up a list of 36 people, which was eliminated and supplemented after being examined and approved by Emperor Hongwu. They were named as,,, Kui, Long, Boyi, Boyi, Yi Yin,, Zhao, Tai, Zhao Hu, Fang Shu, Zhang Liang, Xiao He, Cao Can, Chen Ping and zhou bo respectively. At this point, the emperors who sacrificed in the Imperial Temple in the early Ming Dynasty and the famous ministers who sacrificed to them formed a custom. In particular, Hongwu also built the Imperial Temple in Fengyang, Zhongdu, and the Yuan Shizu Temple in Jincheng Square, Beiping City (renamed in the Yuan Dynasty), dedicated to Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty.
During the Yongle period, Beijing Palace was built on a large scale and the capital was moved, but there was no ancestral temple in Beijing. Most of the emperors' temples and famous officials held sacrifices in the Temple of Heaven, while the emperors' temples in Nanjing and Zhongdu sent officials from Nanjing Taichang Temple to pay homage. In the ninth year of Jiajing (1530), the system of offering sacrifices to emperors in the suburbs was abolished, and it was decided to build an imperial temple in the west of the imperial city. Originally, it was planned to rebuild Ji Ling Palace (in Lingjing Hutong), but due to the narrow space, it was changed to the former site of Baoan Temple in the north of Fuchengmen Inner Road. In the tenth year (153 1), the Spring Festival is celebrated in February. Because the temple building project was not completed, Emperor Jiajing temporarily offered sacrifices to the emperor and famous officials in Wenhua Hall. In September the same year, the temple was completed. There are five main halls, which are called Jingdezhen Chongshen Temple. In front of the temple is Jingde Gate, and on the left and right are East and West Gates. There is a library of ritual vessels behind the temple. There is a god library, a god chef, a sacrificial pavilion and a bell tower outside the entrance of Jingdezhen. In front of the outer gate is Jingdezhen Street, with squares at both ends. In the newly-built Imperial Temple in Beijing, the original emperors and famous officials were sixteen emperors and thirty-six famous officials, just like those in Nanjing. The difference was that there were only tablets of emperors and famous officials in the temple, but there were no statues. In the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), Li Ke's suggestion to Chen Bi was adopted, and the sacrifices of Yuan Shizu, Chen Yuan, Muqali, Boroqul, Chi Laowen and Bo Yan were removed. Since then, only fifteen emperors and thirty-two famous ministers in the imperial temples have enjoyed worship. [3 1]
The completion of the Imperial Temple in Beijing has added an important royal temple building to Beijing, created a fixed and special place for the rulers of the Ming Dynasty to worship emperors and famous officials, pushed the activities of worshipping emperors and famous officials in the Ming Dynasty to a climax, and enriched Beijing's historical relics, especially the sacrificial culture, which is of great significance.
(6) In the Qing Dynasty, the feudal rulers' system and activities of offering sacrifices to emperors and famous officials reached their peak. Clear room into the customs, set tripod in Beijing, Miyagi, continue to use the old Ming. Emperors' temples in the past dynasties have also become the historical and cultural heritage handed down by the Qing Dynasty, which is better than the "going up a storey still higher" in improving the sacrificial system of emperors and famous officials in the past dynasties.
In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), on the first day of March, "Liao Taizu, Jin Taizu, Sejong, Yuan Taizu, Ming Taizu and their ministers Yeludulu, Wan Yan Han Gan, Wolibu, Muqali, Bo Yan, Xu Da and Liu Ji were enshrined in the emperors' temples of past dynasties." [32] Not only corrected the prejudice that only Yuan Shizu was allowed to worship in the Imperial Temple in the Ming Dynasty, but also ignored the masters and famous officials of Liao and Jin Dynasties, and did not forget the founding monarch and main heroes of the newly perished Daming State, thus increasing the number of emperors who enjoyed worship in the Imperial Temple to 2 1 a and the number of famous officials who worshipped to 4 1 a (including the newly added Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan in Tang Chen). [33] In the seventeenth year (1660), in June, "Li Chen suggested that the emperor should be worshipped in the temple, and a letter should be added to worship Pan Mei and Zhang Jun in Steven Song. From it. Therefore, Shang Zhongzong, Kang Wang, Han Wendi, Ming Xiaozong, Liao and Jin were all sacrificed. " [34] Since then, the number of emperors in the ancestral temple has increased to 25, and the number of famous ministers has decreased to 39. After all, Liao, Jin and Kangxi inherited this service, so they returned to the temple to enjoy the sacrifice. In the 60th year of Kangxi (172 1), in April, the "Imperial Palace Sacrifice Ceremony was established". [35] In October of the following year, Emperor Kangxi said: "Emperors of past dynasties only worshipped one or two masters in each dynasty, or enjoyed their children as fathers in temples, or ate ministers as kings. Everyone in power should worship in the temple, except the Lord who can't be killed. " He also said: "Ming Taizu was not at fault. The subjugation of the country was caused by the Yi people. The emperor should not make an example of the perishing people. Wanli, Taichang and Apocalypse should not be worshipped. Those who have made meritorious deeds in the past dynasties and those who have made meritorious deeds in the public security in the world should be supplemented. " [36] In the same year1February, Yong Zhengdi increased the number of gods for emperors and famous officials and erected a monument to admonish them. Since then, Zhong Kang, Shao Kang, Yi, Huai, Mang, Xie, Bu, Yi, Kong Jia, Gao, Fa, Shang Taijia, Wo Ding, Tai Geng, Yongji, Taiwu, Wairen, He Jia, Zu Yi, Zu Xin, Zu Ding, Nangeng, Yang Jia, Pan Geng, Xiaoyi, Yang Jia. , Zhen,, Wei,, Wang Xian, Shen Liangwang, Han Huidi, Wen Di, Jing Di, Wu Di, Zhao Di, Xuan Di, Yuan Di, Cheng Di, Ai Di, Ming Di, Zhang Di, He Di, Shang Di, An Di, Shun Di, Chong Di, Huan Di and Ling Di. Song Taizong Zhenzong, Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen, Zhezong, Gaozong, Xiaozong, Guangzong, Ningzong, Lizong, Duzong, Duanzong, Jin Taizong, Zhang Zong, Xuanzong, Yuan Taizong, Dingzong, Xianzong, Chengzong, Wuzong, Renzong, Taidingzong, Wenzong, Ningzong, Ming Chengzu. Forty people made contributions, including Yellow Emperor Minister, Shang Dynasty Minister Zhong You, Han Dynasty Ministers Bi, Lv Hou and Zhong, Tang Dynasty Ministers Liu Zhang, Wei Xiang, Bingji, Geng Yan, Ma Yuan and Zhao Yun, Tang Dynasty Ministers Di, Song Jing, Yao Chong, Li Bi, Lu Zhi and Pei Du, and Song Dynasty Ministers Lv Mengzheng, Li Ling and Kou. [37] These newly enshrined memorial tablets were merged with the original emperor according to the dynasty and placed in a niche. In this way, Jingdechong Temple has five niches, increasing to seven niches. The emperors enshrined in each niche are Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi.
Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Emperor Yao and Emperor Shun are small students.
Thirteen kings of Xia and twenty-five kings of Shang, as well as the original forty kings and the king of Shang Tang, were combined into one niche.
The 3 1 king added in the week and the original 32 kings of Wu merged into a niche.
The19th emperor of the Han Dynasty and the14th emperor of the Tang Dynasty, together with the original Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Taizong * * * 36, became a niche.
The five emperors of Liao, the thirteen emperors of Song and the three emperors of Jin, which were added to the memorial, were combined into a niche with the emperors of Liao, Taizu and Twenty-five.
The ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the eleventh emperor of the Ming Dynasty, which were added to the memorial, were combined with twenty-three emperors such as Yuan Taizu, Sai-jo and Ming Taizu. In this way, there are 7 niches in the main hall of the Imperial Temple, which are dedicated to 164 emperors. In addition, there are, Bi, Zhong Gongfu, Geng Yan, Song Jing, Pei Du, Li Ling, Wang Zeng, Jian Yanbo, Li Gang, Wen Tianxiang, Boguomi, Chang Yuchun, Yu Qian, Liu Daxia, etc. 18, just like, Fu Shuo, Zhao Gongxuan, etc. Wei Xiao, Boyi, Yi Yin, Deng Yu, Zhuge Liang, Cao Bin, Muhuli and Xu Da who were originally in Ann also died in Dongan. In this way, forty famous ministers in Dong 'an enjoyed the sacrifice. Xi first paid homage to Li Mu, Zhou Gongdan, Taigong Wang, Fang Shu, Xiao He, Chen Ping, Du Ruhui, Zhang Xun and Yue Fei, and then added Zhong Guo, Lv Hou, Yin Jifu, Liu Zhang, Bingji, Ma Yuan, Zhao Yun, Di, Yao Chong, Li Bi, Lu Zhi, He Lu, Lv Mengzheng and Milan. Originally worshipped in Dong 'an, Long, Boyi, Feng Yi, Lulu, Bayan and Liu Jiba, please move to An. In this way, 39 famous ministers in the past dynasties enjoyed sacrifices in Xi 'an. East and West Xi 'an enshrined 79 famous ministers of past dynasties. [38] In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), the Emperor Temple was completed in four years, and the monument was recorded. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Wen Jian of Ming Taizu called the emperor of Gongminhui and went to the ancestral temple to enjoy sacrifices, ranking behind Ming Taizu. In the twenty-seventh year (1762), the ancestral temple was rebuilt, and the main hall was originally covered with green glazed tiles and replaced with yellow glazed tiles. Twenty-nine years (1764), when the work was completed, Emperor Qianlong personally offered it, as evidenced by the imperial inscription. [39] In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong (1784), the imperial edict said, "I am very happy, because I have read the titles of emperors in various temples listed in the book Sikuquanshu and Qing thomas lee, but they are still set in Huidian. Looking back on the records of the emperor's ancestors, there are suggestions to increase sacrifices. It was in November of the sixty-first year of Kangxi that the order to retrieve the original little red book of does was engraved. At that time, ministers could not praise the holy spirit, so it was too simple to discuss it in detail Our ancestors decreed that all emperors in power, except those killed by the state, should try their best to enter the temple, that is, those who were in power for one or two years should also worship. A wonderful sermon is as great as the public. From Xixixuan to Guo Sheng, the sage is the king of Shu Ming and the Lord of Moon Hee, all of which are fragrant. It is not surprising that a scholar thinks he is incompetent and profound, that is, he has not been promoted as a gift since ancient times. However, in the meeting, it was put forward that it would rather die than enter the ritual ceremony, still enter the Liao and Jin Dynasties, and not enter the East, West, Jin, Yuan, Wei and Five Dynasties, which was somewhat biased. If you look back at the divine will, it is actually against the Oracle. If I mean that the Northern and Southern Dynasties were biased and did not enter the sacrificial ceremony, then the Liao and Jin countries did not choose the original. Why did they win a place? Enough to enlighten future generations. In other words, because of the usurpation of the country in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Pi can't be an orthodox example, such as Cao Cao. I don't know that the orthodoxy was strong in the Three Kingdoms, so although Chen Shou's "History of the Three Kingdoms" respected Wei and suppressed Shu, the pawn could not be publicly evaluated in the world. To Sima's usurpation, the number of artifacts in the Southern Dynasties was easy. For example, when Song Wudi was promoted as an apprentice and moved his hand to the throne, he could not conceal his crime of usurping the throne. There are still some people, although their ancestors made a mistake about the country, but their descendants can inherit the body, that is, to leave the Lord in the text and not neglect it. More than 300 years have passed from the reign of Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty to the summer of Tang Gaozu's unification. During this period, the words of Ying Yi, a master of thrift, and Shangshu will never be lost, but they can be safely ignored. As for the last five generations, such as Zhu Wen and Guo Wei, they were either thieves or traitors for more than 50 years. Their surnames were easier to count, and the Chinese system was endless. However, due to the remaining business and territory of the Guo family, Zhou Shizong is still your master. If this is not included, then the founders of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty, before and after the five dynasties, are lacking in sacrifice. Why only discuss the future? If Wei Xiong was based in Hebei in the Yuan Dynasty, with a vast territory and powerful influence, he was too martial, too martial, diligent in ideological and political work, and gave lectures to promote agriculture, he could also be a leader who was partial to Britain. It is equivalent to entering a sacrificial ceremony as a memorial. I asked the Treasury Secretary to record Yang Weizhen's "orthodox discrimination" and stated in detail in the imperial edict that Wei Zhen was in the Song Dynasty and not in the Liao and Jin Dynasties. Therefore, the meaning of the Spring and Autumn Outline is retained, and people's fate is calmly returned. And look back on Sun Chengze's Dream in the Spring, which contains the title of offering sacrifices to the ancient emperor in the Ming Dynasty, which was originally listed in Liao and Jin Dynasties. In today's Tongli (Qing dynasty), Liao and Jin dynasties are worshipped, but not in the East, West, Jin and Five Dynasties. It seems that they are slaves to each other. What is the end of Iraq? Therefore, all courtiers are biased, making it clear that the followers of emperors in previous dynasties may have distinguished between the north and the south, that is to say, they lost the original intention of the emperor's instructions. When the Ming Dynasty perished, because of the two cases of Ji Gang and Xi, the laws and regulations were relaxed, and the emperor succeeded to the throne, so the state affairs could not be done. Although he worked hard for seventeen years, he couldn't remedy the danger and died in the country, which can't be compared with the example of a dissolute national subjugator. So he ordered Shen to retire from the DPRK, and Yu ordered him to worship the temple. Being robbed of honor and disgrace is not happy at all, which is the conclusion of the Grand Duke through the ages. It was the ministers who moved to the Han Dynasty and decided to add spirit to the discussion. Don't you think you died in Huan and Ling, not in? Before I decided not to delve into the overall situation of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the bad king invited me to eat in the temple. The discussion failed to reach an agreement. Since ancient times, husbands have been passed down from one emperor to another. After several generations of changes, in order to repay the merits and honor the virtues, he worshipped the temple. As for guarding against stealing, keeping promises, or giving people away, we must be indifferent and must not tolerate it, so as to show its significance. The temples of emperors in past dynasties were all sacrificial ceremonies, which were discussed and played by scholars and Jiuding in detail. After discussion, they handed it over to the Siku Library to record the imperial edicts of the emperors' ancestors and put them at the front of Tongli Hall to show the history of Yin Jian and the meaning of the Millennium. " [40] According to this imperial edict of Emperor Qianlong, Jin Yuan, Ming Di, Cheng Di, Kangdi, Moody, Eddie, Jian Wendi, (Southern Dynasties) Song Wendi, Xiao Wudi, Ming Di, (Northern Dynasties) Qi Wudi, (Southern Dynasties) Chen Wendi, Xuan Di, Northern Wei Daowudi, Ming Yuan Di, Tai Wudi, Wen Chengdi and Xianwendi. [4 1] In this way, the number of emperors enjoying sacrifices in the Imperial Temple has increased to 188. Among them, the niche is Huang San, three; The left niche is five emperors; There is a niche on the right for Xia and Shang kings, with forty; The second niche on the left is the kings of the Zhou Dynasty, with 32; The second niche on the right is for the emperors of Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, with 40 people; The left three niches were used by emperors of Tang, Five Dynasties, Song and Liao, with 38 niches; The three niches on the right belong to the Jin, Yuan and Ming emperors, with 30 people.