Financial holding company

For financial holding companies, two classification methods can be adopted: one is to divide financial holding companies into two categories according to the industry attributes of the parent company; the other is that the holding companies are financial enterprises, such as Credit Suisse Group, Citigroup and Chase Group in the United States, and CITIC Company in China. China's wholly state-owned banks are also transforming into such financial holding companies, or rather, bank holding companies. The other is that the holding company is a non-financial enterprise. Such financial holding companies include HSBC Group in Britain and Everbright Group in China. Secondly, according to the way and motivation of parent company's holding, financial holding companies can be divided into two categories: one is pure holding company; The purpose of establishing a pure holding company is only to master the shares of subsidiaries and engage in equity investment income activities. The other is to operate a holding company; Operating holding company refers to the parent company that is engaged in both equity control and actual business operation. In western countries, financial holding companies generally refer to such operating holding companies or mixed holding companies. In Europe, financial holding (group) companies are generally mixed financial groups, that is, the parent company not only engages in a certain range of financial business, but also engages in other non-financial businesses through holding, such as industry, commerce, trade, construction, transportation, real estate and so on. , such as financial groups in Britain and Germany.