Introduction of new energy vehicles: classification?
Pure Electric Vehicle Blades Electric Vehicle (BEV) is a vehicle that uses a single battery as a power source for energy storage. It uses the battery as the power source of energy storage, and provides electric energy to the motor through the battery to drive the motor to run, thus promoting the car to run. Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) refers to a vehicle whose driving system consists of two or more single driving systems that can run at the same time. According to the actual driving state of the vehicle, the driving force of the vehicle is provided by a single driving system or by multiple driving systems.
Due to different components, layout and control strategies, hybrid electric vehicles have many forms. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) is an automobile driven by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the air under the action of catalyst. Fuel cell electric vehicle is essentially a pure electric vehicle, and the main difference lies in the different working principles of power batteries.
Generally speaking, a fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction, and the reductant required for electrochemical reaction generally adopts hydrogen and the oxidant adopts oxygen. Therefore, most of the earliest developed fuel cell electric vehicles directly use hydrogen fuel, and hydrogen can be stored in the form of liquefied hydrogen, compressed hydrogen or metal hydride. Hydrogen engine car Hydrogen engine car is a car powered by hydrogen engine. The fuel used by general engines is diesel or gasoline, and the fuel used by hydrogen engines is gaseous hydrogen.
Hydrogen-engine car is a real zero-emission vehicle, which emits pure water and has the advantages of no pollution, zero emission and abundant reserves. Other new energy vehicles Other new energy vehicles include vehicles that use high-efficiency energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and flywheels. At present, in China, the owners of new energy vehicles mainly refer to pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles, and conventional hybrid electric vehicles are classified as energy-saving vehicles.
Introduction of new energy vehicles: development stage
The first stage is the swing stage (before 2006): at this stage, countries have not yet decided on the power source of new energy vehicles, with the focus on hydrogen fuel cells. Only Japan has been investing heavily (which is also the main reason for the best development of new energy vehicles in Japan at present). United States: not actively developing pure electric power, focusing on developing hydrogen fuel cells; Japan: It has been investing and investing more in hydrogen power; EU: Focus on biofuels and hydrogen fuel cells; China: At the stage of exploration and definition.
The second stage is the stage of vigorously supporting development (2007-20 1 1): the state has determined the strategy of new energy vehicles, focusing on lithium batteries, increasing investment in R&D and infrastructure, and giving consumption subsidies, which is extremely important. The United States can enjoy tax incentives for purchasing EVs, with a maximum amount of $7,500. By 2025, each automobile manufacturer will sell at least 65,438+05.4% zero-emission vehicles every year.
Japanese car buyers can enjoy various tax exemptions. By 2020, EV will account for 50% of the total sales of passenger cars. France can get a subsidy of up to 5,000 euros for buying electric cars. Germany reduces the cost of electric vehicles. You can get a reward of 2000-5000 pounds when you buy EV in the UK. BEV is the main product in China, and the purchase can be subsidized up to 60,000 yuan.
The third stage is to continue to support and gradually enter the harvest period (from 20 12 to now). In order to maintain the strategy of new energy vehicles, countries still focus on lithium batteries, maintain consumption subsidies, and increase the control of carbon dioxide emissions from automobiles. The United States and other countries require every automobile manufacturer to sell at least a certain number of zero-emission vehicles every year, or they will pay a carbon tax. Companies such as Tesla began to make profits. China has increased its investment. Global new energy vehicles will gradually enter the harvest period. ?
From the perspective of the development of new energy vehicles, the support and subsidy policies of various countries have played an important role, similar to the support and subsidy of photovoltaic industry, but new energy vehicles are a stage behind photovoltaic industry. With the gradual emergence of the subsidy policy in the second stage and the continuous investment of various countries, new energy vehicles have gradually entered the harvest period. ?
Introduction of new energy vehicles: introduction?
The new energy vehicle refers to the vehicle that takes unconventional vehicle fuel (or conventional vehicle fuel and new vehicle power device) as the power source, integrates advanced technologies such as vehicle power control and drive, and adopts new technologies and new structures.
2065438+September 8, 2006, the Ministry of Finance exposed five new energy automobile manufacturers, including Suzhou Jim West Bus Manufacturing Co., Ltd., in an attempt to defraud the state of financial subsidies exceeding 10 billion yuan, and some enterprises have been disqualified from vehicle production.