What medicine is afraid of light and covered with black cloth when infusion?

1, photochemically degradable drug 1. 1 sodium nitroprusside. Sodium nitroprusside is a quick-acting antihypertensive drug, and its aqueous solution is unstable. Decomposition accelerates under light. Clinically, 5% glucose injection was used to prepare 0.05% sodium nitroprusside solution for intravenous drip. After 10 minutes in the sun, 13.5% was decomposed and the color began to change. At the same time, the pH value decreased, and the half-life under indoor illumination was 4 hours. Stimulated sodium nitroprusside is produced after sodium nitroprusside is irradiated by light. And then decompose into hydrated potassium ferricyanide and nitrogen oxide. Potassium ferricyanide hydrate is further decomposed to produce toxic hydrocyanic acid and Prussian blue. Therefore, the injection should be prepared before use, drip in the dark, and run out within 12h. 1.2 pyridine drugs. Such as nifedipine, nitrendipine, cilnidipine and nimodipine. Contains structures that are unstable to light. In China Pharmacopoeia (2005 edition), the content determination, related substances inspection and dissolution determination of nifedipine, nitrendipine and nimodipine all need dark operation. The light stability test showed that cilnidipine mainly became Z isomer under light conditions. The degradation degree of solution irradiated for 4 hours is close to that of solid irradiated for 3 days, which indicates that the photosensitivity of cilnidipine in solution is increased. Nimodipine injection is a commonly used drug to treat cerebrovascular diseases. The orthogonal experimental study on the stability of nimodipine infusion and its influencing factors shows that light has the greatest influence on its stability in infusion, followed by infusion types, and finally temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid light when using nimodipine infusion. 1.3 vitamins. In acidic or neutral solution, vitamin B decomposes under the action of visible light and loses its side chain. Lovis water is a compound injection of water-soluble vitamins, which contains vitamin B2, other B vitamins, easily oxidized vitamin C, folic acid and so on. Most of them are photosensitive drugs. Therefore, it is particularly emphasized in the precautions of medication that when adding glucose injection, attention should be paid to avoiding light. 1.4 thiazides. For example, promethazine hydrochloride and chlorpromazine hydrochloride are easily oxidized and discolored under the action of light, metal ions and oxygen. Clinically, 4mL of compound chlorpromazine was added into 250mL glucose and sodium chloride infusion bag, and it was slowly intravenous drip for about 40 hours. It was found that there was a blue flocculent mass above the terminal filter of infusion set. Under the high power microscope, it was observed that the substance was a cloud-like blue substance with no crystal or granular substance. Mix the same batch of glucose, sodium chloride and the same amount of compound chlorpromazine, and avoid light for 24 hours. This liquid is clear and unchanged. Then the infusion bag was directly illuminated about 1h, and a blue flocculent mass-like substance appeared. After 2 hours, there were many flocculent blue lump-like substances in the whole infusion bag, whose shape and color were the same as those in clinic, and the color became darker with the passage of time. Finally, the reddish-brown solution. Therefore, the concentration of compound chlorpromazine for intravenous drip should not be too high, and it should be used up in a short time as soon as possible, and attention should be paid to avoiding light when intravenous drip. One dose should not be used for too long to ensure the effectiveness and safety of medication. 1.5 quinolones. Its injection is widely used in clinic. Among them, quinoline carboxylic acid products are the most However, most quinoline carboxylic acid drugs are unstable to light and easy to photolysis, which reduces their antibacterial activity. In recent years, the study on the characteristics of photoinduced reaction of quinolones shows that photoinduced reaction is exothermic reaction, which is more likely to occur in solution and oxygen. Photoinduced reaction can not only produce degradation products, but also produce polymerization products, and its reaction speed is related to the pH value of the solution and the structure of the drug itself. Yang Yali et al. compared the changes of ultraviolet spectra of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and lomefloxacin aqueous solutions under UVA illumination, and determined the content of illumination process by HPLC, and obtained the photolysis kinetic parameter T 1/2. The photostability of the solution is sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and lomefloxacin in turn. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride injection is stable to heat, sensitive to light and easy to decompose. At room temperature of 4500Lx 10 day, the decomposition rate is about 25%, and the color gradually deepens. The decomposition rate conforms to the first-order kinetic process, so it is not just packed with light-proof paper before leaving the factory. Drops should also be protected from light during transportation, storage and use. Fleroxacin glucose injection is unstable to light, extremely unstable to strong light, and decomposes when exposed to light. Leave it in natural light for 65438 0 h, and the color will turn pale yellow. It is suggested that the drug must be stored in the dark, and it is suggested that the infusion should be dripped with it in clinical use, and drip in the dark. In addition to the above drugs, hydrocortisone, prednisone, furosemide, reserpine, procaine hydrochloride, baicalein and vitamin A are all light-sensitive drugs. The oxidation of easily oxidizable drugs is related to the chemical structure, and phenols, enols, aromatic amines, pyrazolones, thiazides, etc. are easily oxidized. 2. 1 phenolic drugs. Drugs with phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure, such as epinephrine, isoproterenol, norepinephrine, dopamine, morphine, etc. Under the influence of oxygen, metal ions, light and temperature, it is easy to oxidize and deteriorate. Some are oxidized to form colored quinones. The molecular structure of sulfamethoxazine contains phenolic hydroxyl groups. The stability of sulfamethoxazole injection in infusion was investigated by orthogonal test. The results show that light has the greatest influence on the stability of sulfamethoxazine, followed by infusion type and compatibility temperature. It is suggested that light should be avoided in clinical use. 2.2 Aromatic amine drugs. Sodium p-aminosalicylate (PAS-2Na) is a commonly used anti-tuberculosis drug. Clinically, 8~ 12g is usually dissolved in 500mL of 5% glucose injection, and intravenous drip is completed within 2 hours in the dark. However, in the process of infusion, with the extension of infusion time, the color of infusion gradually deepens, so that it can not be used as medicine. The color change of sodium p-aminosalicylate is mainly due to its decarboxylation reaction to generate brown m-aminophenol, which is then oxidized to generate benzoquinone compounds. The amino group of this compound is easily replaced by carboxyl group, resulting in 3,5,3', 5'2 tetracarboxylic dibenzoquinone, which is obviously reddish brown. This reaction is particularly easy to occur under acidic conditions. Among them, m-aminophenol has no therapeutic effect, and the increase of its dosage can further accelerate the degradation of sodium p-aminosalicylate; However, benzoquinone compounds are easy to cause adverse reactions. Therefore, if the color of the solution is darker than that of the preparation, it can't be dripped any more. It is clearly pointed out in both drug instructions and various drug instructions that intravenous drip solution should be freshly prepared, and the drip process should be kept away from light, so the solution can not be used if it changes color. 2.3 Drugs containing unsaturated carbon bonds. Amphotericin B(Am B) is a polyene antifungal drug with an easily oxidized structure. The stability of Am B in 5% glucose injection was investigated. The results showed that the AMB content decreased by less than 2% when stored at 8℃ for 24 hours, by more than 10% when stored at 25℃ and 34℃ under light, and by less than 10% when stored at dark for 24 hours, indicating that amphotericin B with 5% glucose was injected. In clinical use, Am B drops must be prepared temporarily and dropped in the dark. Chemotherapy of antineoplastic drugs is one of the main means of tumor treatment, and some antineoplastic drugs have special chemical structures, and complex reactions such as ring opening, rearrangement, hydrolysis, polymerization, oxidation, isomerization and so on will occur in the process of dropping water. Light can catalyze the above reaction process, so we should be familiar with and master the characteristics of this kind of drugs, and pay attention to avoid light when using them. Cisplatin is a kind of chemotherapy drug widely used to treat tumors. The study on the photostability of cisplatin injection shows that its photostability is very poor. Under illumination, cisplatin injection will undergo photo-hydration reaction and photo-redox reaction, and turn yellow until platinum precipitates, with a half-life of 3-6 days. After seeing light, it will absorb some light energy and trigger photochemical reaction, which is the characteristic of many platinum group metal complexes. Therefore, avoiding light is the most effective means to ensure the stability of cisplatin injection, so in the process of production, transportation and use, we should try to avoid light, including ultraviolet light, sunlight and indoor lighting. Similar drugs such as carboplatin and oxaliplatin should also be protected from light when used. Anti-tumor drugs such as cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, nimodipine, cetepa, methotrexate, fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin, epirubicin, vinblastine, vincristine, homoharringtonine, hydroxycamptothecin, paclitaxel and dacarbazine are sensitive to light and heat, but unstable to sunlight, high temperature and high humidity. After the above chemotherapy drugs are dissolved and diluted in clinical use, the aqueous solution is unstable and the light accelerates the reaction. The study on the stability of the compatibility of adriamycin with four common infusions shows that light has a great influence on its stability. After 10min, the content of adriamycin decreases by about 10%, and the color of the solution gradually fades. Therefore, the above chemotherapy drugs should be kept away from light during clinical drip. Vinorelbine, etoposide, topotecan, docetaxel, rituximab, ondansetron, arsenious acid and other drugs also have certain effects on the stability of drugs under the conditions of light or high temperature, so we should try to avoid light during the drip.