Information about robots
Overview of robots
In fact, a robot is a machine that automatically performs work. Robots can accept human orders, execute pre-programmed programs, and act according to the principle programs formulated by artificial intelligence technology. Robots perform tasks that replace or assist human work, such as manufacturing, construction or dangerous work.
Robots can be the product of advanced comprehensive cybernetics, mechatronics, computers, materials and bionics. At present, it has important applications in industry, medicine and even military fields.
History of robot development
1920, Czechoslovakian writer karel capek created in his science fiction novel Universal Picture the Robot of Rosam? Robots? This word.
1939 At the new york World Expo, the home robots made by Westinghouse Electric Company were exhibited. It is controlled by cables, can walk, can speak 77 words, and can even smoke. However, when American George Devol made the world's first programmable robot and registered the patent, it was still 1954. This kind of manipulator can do different jobs according to different programs, so it is universal and flexible.
1959, Dewar and American inventor Joseph engelberg jointly made the first industrial robot. Subsequently, the world's first robot manufacturing factory was established. Because of engelberg's development and promotion of industrial robots, he is also known as? Father of industrial robots? .
1962, AMF company of the United States produced universal handling, which became a truly commercialized industrial robot just like the one produced by this company, and was exported to all countries in the world, which set off a worldwide upsurge of robots and robot research. The application of 1962-1963 sensor improves the mobility of the robot. People try to install various sensors on robots, including 196 1 Ernst's tactile sensor, 1962 tomovic and Bonnie were the first in the world? Dexterous hands? Pressure sensors are used all over the world, and McCarthy 1963 began to add visual sensing system to robots.
1965, the applied physics laboratory of Johns Hopkins University developed robots. I have been able to adjust my position according to the environment through sonar system, photoelectric cell and so on. Since the mid-1960s, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University and Edinburgh University in the UK have successively set up robot laboratories. 1969, Ichiro Kato Laboratory of Waseda University in Japan developed the first robot that walked on two feet. Ichiro Kato has been committed to the research of humanoid robots for a long time and is known as? Father of humanoid robot? . Japanese experts have always been good at developing humanoid robots and entertainment robots, and later went further, giving birth to Honda's ASIMO and Sony's QRIO.
1984, engelberg pushed the robot Helpmate, which can deliver meals, medicines and emails to patients in the hospital.
1998, Lego Company of Denmark introduced the robot kit, which made the robot manufacturing as simple as building blocks and could be assembled at will, allowing the robot to enter the personal world.
Robots are generally composed of actuators, driving devices, detection devices, control systems and complex machinery. [ 1]
After comparing with the set information, the control system adjusts the actuator to ensure that the robot's action meets the predetermined requirements. Sensors used to detect equipment can be roughly divided into two types: one is an internal information sensor, which is used to detect the internal conditions of various parts of the robot, such as the position, speed and acceleration of each joint, and send the measured information to the controller as a feedback signal to form a closed-loop control. The other is the external information sensor, which is used to obtain the information of the robot's working object and external environment, so that the robot's actions can adapt to the changes of external conditions, make it reach a higher level of automation, and even make the robot have some kind of? Feeling? With the development of intelligence, external sensors such as vision and sound sense give information about the working object and working environment, and use this information to form a large feedback loop, which will greatly improve the working accuracy of the robot.
Robot type
? Don't move the team? Unmanned aerial vehicle
Throughout the history of UAV development, it can be said that modern warfare is the driving force to promote the development of UAV. The influence of drones on modern warfare is also growing. During World War I and World War II, although drones appeared and were used, they did not play a significant role because of their low technical level. During the Korean War, the United States used unmanned reconnaissance planes and attack planes, but the number was limited. In the subsequent Vietnam War and Middle East War, UAV became an indispensable weapon system. In the Gulf War, the Bosnia-Herzegovina War and the Kosovo War, drones have become the main reconnaissance planes.
France? Red falcon? Unmanned aerial vehicle
During the Vietnam War, the US Air Force suffered heavy losses, 2,500 planes were shot down and more than 5,000 pilots were killed, causing public outcry in the United States. For this reason, the US Air Force uses more drones. Like what? Buffalo hunter? The drone has carried out more than 2,500 missions over North Vietnam, taking pictures at ultra-low altitude, and the damage rate is only 4%. AQM-34Q type
147 Firebee UAV has flown more than 500 times, conducting electronic eavesdropping, radio interference, throwing metal chaff, and opening channels for manned aircraft.
High altitude unmanned reconnaissance aircraft
1982 the battle of the bekaa valley was discovered by the Israeli army through aerial reconnaissance. Syria has assembled a large number of troops in the Bekaa Valley. On June 9, the Israeli army dispatched the American-made E-2C? Hawkeye? The early warning aircraft monitors the Syrian army to dispatch every day? Scott. And then what? A fierce dog? More than 70 drones, etc., repeatedly reconnaissance Syrian air defense positions and airports, and transmit the captured images to early warning aircraft and ground command. In this way, the Israeli army accurately found out the location of the Syrian radar and then launched it? Wolf? This type of anti-radar missile destroyed many radars, missiles and self-propelled anti-aircraft guns of the Syrian army, forcing the Syrian army radar to fail to open, creating conditions for military manned aircraft to attack targets.
Ghost drone
199 1 When the Gulf War broke out in, the first problem faced by the US military was to find Iraq's hidden Scud missile launcher in the vast sand sea. If a manned reconnaissance plane is used, it must fly back and forth over the desert, and it is extremely dangerous to be exposed to Iraqi anti-aircraft fire for a long time. To this end, drones have become the main force of US air reconnaissance. Throughout the Gulf War? Pioneer? UAV is the most used UAV in the US military. The U.S. military deployed six pioneer UAV companies in the Gulf region, with a total of 522 sorties, with a flight time of 1640 hours. At that time, no matter day or night, there was always a pioneer drone flying over the bay every day.
Robots with special functions
The so-called ground military robot refers to the robot system used on the ground. They can not only help the police dismantle bombs and complete security tasks in peacetime, but also replace soldiers in mine clearance, reconnaissance, attack and other tasks in wartime. Today, the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Japan and other countries have developed various types of ground military robots.
In western countries, terrorist activities have always been a headache for the authorities. Due to racial conflicts, Britain was threatened by explosives, so as early as the 1960s, it successfully developed EOD robots. Reptiles developed in Britain? Cart? And then what? Super trolley? More than 800 EOD robots have been sold to military and police agencies in more than 50 countries. Recently, Britain has optimized the trolley robot, and developed two kinds of remote-controlled electric explosion disposal robots, the groundhog and the bison, for the Royal British Corps of Engineers to detect and dispose of explosives in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo. The woodchuck weighs 35 kilograms and has two cameras on the mast. Bison weighs 2 10 kg and can carry 100 kg. Both of them adopt radio control system, and the remote control distance is about 1 km.
? Groundhog? And then what? Bison? Explosive disposal robot
In addition to the bombs planted by terrorists, unexploded ordnance can be found everywhere in many war-torn countries in the world. For example, Kuwait after the Gulf War is like an ammunition depot that may explode at any time. 16 countries produced 250,000 mines and 850,000 shells, and the multinational forces dropped 25 million mines and submunitions, of which at least 20% did not explode. And until now, many countries still have unexploded bombs and mines from World War I and World War II. Therefore, there is a great demand for EOD robots.
Wheeled and tracked robots are used to remove explosives. They are generally small in size, flexible in steering and easy to work in narrow places. Operators can control their activities from hundreds of meters to several kilometers by radio or optical cable. Robots are generally equipped with multi-color CCD cameras to observe explosives; Multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator, which can unscrew the fuse or detonator of explosives with claws or clips and transport the explosives away; The car is also equipped with a shotgun. After aiming with a laser pen, the setting and detonation of explosives can be destroyed. Some robots are also equipped with high-pressure water guns that can cut explosives.
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