(1. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Guangzhou 510760; 2. Key Laboratory of Seabed Mineral Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangzhou 5 10760)
Brief introduction of the first author: Wan Xiaoming (1984-), male, assistant engineer, mainly engaged in reservoir seismic inversion research, e-mail: daozhong09 @163.com.
With the continuous development of oil and gas resources exploration and development technology, many professional softwares such as geophysics and geology have appeared. These softwares are generally professional, targeted and have their own characteristics. In order to solve the difficulties in the exploration projects of mineral resources such as oil, natural gas and hydrate more efficiently and quickly, it is very necessary to make full use of these advanced technical means. Therefore, many scientific research institutes have launched corresponding professional software systems such as geology and geophysics. This paper mainly studies and discusses the joint application of several commonly used mainstream geophysical software systems in oil and gas and hydrate exploration, and obtains the corresponding technical flow.
Keywords combined application of geophysical resources exploration software system
1 Characteristics of geophysical software
With the continuous progress of oilfield exploration technology and the deepening of exploration objectives, the geological objectives have developed from finding large structures to finding subtle structures and unconventional subtle oil and gas reservoirs [1]. This increases the uncertainty of reservoir and reduces the success rate of exploration. Petroleum industry is a high-risk, high-input and high-tech industry [2]. Improving the accuracy of reservoir prediction and expanding recoverable reserves are important and effective ways to reduce the cost of oil and gas exploration and production [3]. The accurate prediction of oil reservoir and its reserves is highly dependent on the application of high technology. Geophysics and other professional software systems are the carrier and concrete embodiment of petroleum exploration and development technology, and play a core role [2]. Therefore, with the development and demand of the whole petroleum industry, petroleum exploration technology and corresponding professional software systems have also made great progress.
World oil exploration wins with the scale in the 1970s, the cost in the 1980s and the current technology [3]. In recent years, the software systems of petroleum exploration and development at home and abroad have been constantly updated, with various types and different scales [2]. To sum up, many software systems have the following characteristics:
1. 1 advanced properties
The advanced features are as follows: ① Based on advanced information technology foundation and application environment, such as supporting advanced network, high configuration, high-performance computing and visualization environment; ② Support network distributed computing and parallel computing environment (such as Jason seismic inversion software system); ③ Using high-performance 3D visualization or virtual reality technology to realize interactive, flexible, efficient and immersive data browsing, quality control, interactive analysis, interactive modeling and other functions. Adopt advanced software technology, such as object-oriented technology, parallel computing technology, software architecture technology, component technology, Web technology, etc. Support and provide advanced application functions and performance, and support the integration of various application functions in petroleum geophysical exploration, such as seismic acquisition design, data processing, analysis and interpretation, reservoir description, etc. [2]. ④ Advanced optimization algorithm is adopted in function realization, and cutting-edge technologies and theories of various disciplines are used.
1.2 integration
"Integration" means "integration". This feature is mainly aimed at the mainstream large-scale geophysical software system, which is embodied in two aspects: data management integration and functional module integration. Large-scale software platforms generally adopt a unified data management system, such as Oricle database in Landmark software system, to manage all well data such as well coordinates, horizons, curves and well deviation trajectories. Its functional modules are integrated in the system platform in a tree structure.
1.3 update quickly.
In the process of deepening oil and gas exploration, there will be a series of problems and new technologies and achievements. In order to solve these problems more quickly and effectively, geophysical software system constantly innovates technology and optimizes its functions by using new technical theories. At the same time, according to the feedback from users, optimize and improve the operation of the software. Therefore, many software systems are constantly introducing upgraded versions, and some software companies even introduce the latest technology software products every year.
1.4 technical features
In the domestic software market, large-scale imported software is dominant. Large foreign professional and technical service companies have commercial large-scale application software systems supporting their core business, which are characterized by huge systems and complete professional functional modules. At the same time, develop core technologies and characteristic technologies to solve special needs and improve core competitiveness. In addition, there are many small-scale software companies at home and abroad engaged in the development of geophysical software, which is characterized by: the software system is relatively small, mainly solving a certain kind of problems in oil and gas exploration, including professional characteristics and obvious technical characteristics [2].
1.5 intelligence
Intelligence is another feature of the application of modern information technology. Various soft computing technologies are widely used in professional technical application, information management and decision support, such as artificial intelligence, expert system, artificial neural network and other technologies, and are widely used in data processing analysis and decision support. In terms of software theoretical basis and internal algorithm, soft computing technologies such as pattern recognition, artificial neural network, simulated annealing, geostatistics and support vector machine are widely used in petroleum geophysical exploration application software, which greatly enhances the intelligence of data processing, analysis and interpretation, design and decision-making process [2]. In terms of software operation, the petroleum geophysical exploration software system is also constantly simplifying the process, or directly embedding the operation process into the system interface, so that users can operate and use it according to the system prompts. At the same time, it also reduces the parameter setting in the process of data processing, operation and analysis, and deletes or juxtaposes insensitive and non-critical parameters.
2 software system introduction
2. 1 Geoframe Seismic Interpretation System
The software system is a system platform which integrates the functions of comprehensive data management, logging data processing and interpretation, seismic data comprehensive interpretation, geological comprehensive research and industrial map compilation. GeoFrame platform integrates advanced technologies in the field of international petroleum exploration and development, including comprehensive database management, imaging logging processing and interpretation, three-dimensional visualization technology, lateral reservoir prediction technology and so on. Based on this platform, on the one hand, geoscientists can manage all kinds of comprehensive data in the process of exploration, development and production, on the other hand, they can carry out fine logging evaluation, geological research, structural description, reservoir prediction and comprehensive evaluation of oil and gas reservoirs according to geological objectives [4].
As a comprehensive geoscience platform, GeoFrame software system is powerful, through which a lot of oil and gas exploration can be completed. However, each software system has its own unique core technology and characteristic technology. GeoFrame software system is most well known and widely used for its structural interpretation function, which is also one of its core technologies.
2.2 Jason seismic inversion system
Jason Software has always been the founder and leader of fine reservoir description based on seismic inversion theory, maintaining absolute technological leadership in the industry, and leading the development direction of the industry through the application of a number of high-end patented technologies. Jason geoscience platform software can give full play to the spatial predictability of seismic data in different stages of oil and gas exploration, reserve evaluation and resource evaluation. Therefore, it provides objective evaluation results for the fine description of lithologic reservoirs, the favorable spatial distribution characteristics of reservoirs and the evaluation of fluid contact relationship [5].
Jason has introduced many functional modules, and the core modules are: InverTraceplus (constrained sparse pulse inversion), RockTrace (pre-stack AVO/AVA simultaneous inversion), StatMod MC (post-stack geostatistical inversion), RockTrace PS (pre-stack PP+PS joint simultaneous inversion), RockMod (pre-stack geostatistical inversion), Largo (petrophysical modeling) and FFP (lithofacies).
Constrained sparse pulse inversion and prestack AVO/AVA simultaneous inversion are widely used, and many similar inversion softwares cover these functions. Pre-stack PP+PS joint simultaneous inversion and FFP lithofacies fluid probability interpretation and analysis techniques are relatively rare. The main reason is that there are relatively few shear wave data and FFP technology is relatively new, which greatly affects the application and popularization of the above technology.
StatMod MC post-stack geostatistical inversion and RockMod pre-stack geostatistical inversion have been well reflected in Jason software at present. Post-stack geostatistics inversion adopts Markov chain-Monte Carlo simulation algorithm, combines geostatistics with seismic inversion technology, and comprehensively utilizes the information of multiple data sources (earthquake, geology and logging) to obtain a high-resolution reservoir model, which provides a basis for uncertainty analysis and risk assessment. This technology has been well applied in the oilfield development stage and achieved good results. Pre-stack geostatistical inversion technology integrates multi-data volume inversion and geostatistical inversion from different angles into the same inversion engine, and the reservoir geological model constructed by it has reached an unprecedented height in detail and accuracy. This technology is a new characteristic module of Jason's geoscience work platform [6].
2.3 Petrel reservoir modeling system
Petrel comprehensive reservoir description software for exploration and development. As a popular 3D modeling software in the world, Petrel integrates seismic interpretation, structural modeling, lithofacies modeling, reservoir attribute modeling and reservoir numerical simulation, providing an information platform for geologists, geophysicists, petrophysicists and reservoir engineers. The powerful function of Petrel improves the understanding of the internal details of the reservoir, accurately describes the spatial distribution of reservoir attributes, calculates its reserves, compares various risk development models, designs well locations and drilling trajectories, seamlessly integrates oil well production data and reservoir numerical simulation results, and looks for remaining and subtle reservoirs, thus greatly reducing development costs. Petrel meets the demand for software for fine geological research with faster, more accurate and more economical technical means [7].
The main functional modules covered by Petrel software system include: 3D visualization, well correlation, seismic volume drawing and extraction, structural modeling, facies modeling, petrophysical modeling, data analysis, volume calculation and so on. Among them, the core function of Petrel software is the modeling technology on logging scale in depth domain. Through the fine modeling of structure, sedimentary facies, lithofacies and various attributes (such as porosity, permeability, oil and gas bearing property, etc.). ), and finally describes the spatial distribution and reserves of the reservoir. In terms of auxiliary functions, Petrel software is also unique, such as ant tracking technology and attribute extraction technology in post-stack processing of seismic data.
2.4 other software systems: OpendTect, FracPM and TrapTesTer software systems.
In addition to large geophysical software systems, there are many small software systems developed by small software companies at home and abroad. This kind of software system is generally highly targeted and mainly solves a certain kind of problems in oil and gas exploration. There are relatively few software functional modules, but they are very professional. Therefore, they also play an important role in oil and gas exploration.
This paper mainly introduces the following three featured softwares: OpendTect, FracPM and TrapTesTer.
(1)Opendtect software: This system is a three-dimensional visual seismic attribute analysis and sequence stratigraphic interpretation system. It is also an open source seismic interpretation software system. Seismic data are processed and interpreted by using seismic attributes and advanced visualization technologies, such as stereoscopic display and perspective display of multi-body data. In addition, you can also use third-party free plug-ins [8].
At present, the main technologies of the software are: dip direction (dip control), blue seismic spectrum (blue seismic frequency), NN+ attribute set (target recognition and imaging processing technology), SSIS (sequence stratigraphic interpretation system) and CCB (oil-gas-water interface detection technology). Among these technologies, dip angle control, gas chimney and other target recognition imaging and the most distinctive sequence stratigraphic interpretation system are often used.
(2)FracPM software: it is the software of fracture reservoir prediction and imaging system. The software uses seismic tensor field, seismic geometric attributes and other seismic attributes, combined with image processing technology to image cracks. It has advanced user interface, perfect database, powerful visualization tools and complete data I/O interface, adopts QT interface technology and is a software product based on Windows [9].
FracPM software includes six modules, namely, advanced geometric attributes, seismic filtering and edge detection, fracture analysis, fracture prediction, seismic visualization and basic modules.
(3)TrapTesTer software: TrapTesTer software is a fault quantitative sealing analysis software system developed by British Badleys Company, which can provide geologists with a software platform from seismic interpretation and geological modeling to trap evaluation. It can be used to study the lateral sealing of faults, predict the possible hydrocarbon column height of fault block traps and evaluate the integrity of traps. We can also study the fluid flow characteristics of faults, reasonably divide development units and simulate reservoir properties, and study the possibility of fault revival, that is, the vertical sealing of faults and the risk of oil and gas accumulation controlled by faults. The software has been widely used in the process of oil and gas exploration and development at home and abroad, and achieved good application results [10].
The software mainly has the following functions: structural interpretation quality control, structural analysis, fault sealing analysis, diversion diagram drawing, three-dimensional stress analysis and fracture modeling. Its core and characteristic technology is fault sealing analysis.
3 Joint application analysis
3. 1 Guidelines for Joint Application
(1) Choose the appropriate geophysical software for each kind of problem in the research project. Different geophysical software systems have their own applicable conditions and scope, as well as their own advantages and disadvantages and technical characteristics. Therefore, when solving problems, choosing the right application software is one of the necessary conditions for solving problems accurately and effectively. For example, there are many inversion methods to choose from in Jason seismic inversion software, but different inversion methods have different application conditions. If the inversion method is wrong, the result will not be credible.
(2) Choose software with more technical features. In many cases, the same problem may be solved by different software systems. At this time, you can get a better solution by choosing software with technical characteristics. If it is difficult to determine the selected software system, we can compare the problem-solving effects of different software systems and choose the best application. For example, most softwares have the function of extracting seismic attributes, but different softwares have different types of extracting attributes, and different softwares use different algorithms for the same attribute.
(3) Considering the wide application of geophysical software related technical modules. If a certain software technology can be widely adopted, it can show that its technology is advanced or distinctive to some extent, and it can also show that it is relatively mature. Through comparative study, it is found that the structural interpretation function is most frequently used in Geoframe software system, Jason seismic inversion software is called multi-method seismic inversion technology, and the core technology of Petrel modeling platform software is multi-attribute modeling, but its auxiliary module attribute extraction, ant body and other technologies are also commonly used in oil and gas exploration. In addition, Opendtect seismic data preprocessing, gas chimney identification, sequence stratigraphy research technology, FracPM fracture prediction technology and TrapTesTer fault sealing technology are also indispensable technical means to solve oil and gas exploration related problems in a small software system with relatively single function.
3.2 Technical Process of Joint Application
Combined with the guiding principle of multi-software joint application and the technical characteristics of various softwares, the detailed technical process is analyzed and discussed.
In conventional geophysical exploration of oil and gas, detailed structural interpretation, reservoir prediction and comprehensive study of reservoir formation are essential. In the stage of oilfield development, fine reservoir description and remaining oil prediction are also their daily work. According to the above research tasks, this paper summarizes a set of research ideas (as shown in figure 1).
Figure 1 routine research process
Figure 1 routine research process
Combining the technical characteristics of different geophysical software systems and the research work involved in the above research ideas, the technologies of each software system are overlapped and matched. Firstly, the three major research tasks of fine structural interpretation, reservoir inversion prediction and fine reservoir modeling are Geoframe structural interpretation technology (or landmark interpretation module), Jason prestack and poststack seismic inversion technology and Petrel reservoir modeling technology respectively. Secondly, the basic and auxiliary work based on major research tasks also needs to choose reasonable software technology modules.
Post-stack conventional processing of seismic data is one of the preliminary work of key research work such as structural interpretation. Conventional post-stack processing of seismic data mainly includes: seismic data denoising, frequency lifting, resampling, trace gain, coherent volume and so on. Many softwares can complete the above routine processing, but from the processing effect and software technical characteristics, the Dip/azimuth control processing proposed by OpendTect (DIP? Steering) technology has more advantages. This technology is to scan and calculate the three-dimensional spatial dip angle and azimuth angle of all seismic sampling points through the smooth three-dimensional Fourier transform technology, and obtain the data volume with dip angle and azimuth information. Using the unique post-stack seismic processing technology provided by OpendTect, the seismic data are median filtered and fault strengthened. Due to the use of steering data volume with spatial information, there is no filter tail, which greatly reduces random interference, improves the lateral continuity of in-phase axis, and enhances section reflection, thus achieving the purpose of improving seismic signal-to-noise ratio, improving seismic quality and clearing fault imaging (Figure 2-5) [8].
Fig. 2 Original seismic profile
Figure 2 Original seismic profile
Fig. 3 is a sectional view after median filtering and fault strengthening.
Fig. 3 Seismic profile after median filtering and fault strengthening.
Fig. 4 Coherent slices along the original seismic layer.
Fig. 4 Original seismic coherence slice
Fig. 5 Coherent slice along seismic layer after processing.
Fig. 5 processed seismic coherence slices
Petrophysical analysis is the basis of reservoir seismic inversion. The Largo module in Jason seismic inversion software is the only software in the industry that combines logging data analysis with petrophysical modeling of seismic interpretation system. Largo connects reservoir physics, petrophysics and JGW seismic inversion, which can be used for quality control [6].
In addition, there are many complementary supporting research work. Such as attribute extraction, fracture prediction, sequence stratigraphy research, fault sealing research and so on. Attribute analysis can be combined with reservoir inversion to provide a more powerful basis for reservoir prediction. The volume attribute module of Petrel software provides a complete range of attributes, including more than 30 attributes such as energy, frequency, polarity and signal noise.
Fracture prediction is an effective means to find dessert in tight reservoirs. The curvature characteristics of Petrel software and ant tracking technology can predict cracks on earthquake scale. For small-scale fractures, FracPM software uses imaging logging, core and other data to analyze fracture density, trend and other information, and obtains well-point fracture density curve, on this basis, the relationship between fracture information and seismic attributes is constructed, so as to realize quantitative prediction of fractures [9].
At present, the only geophysical software that can be used for sequence stratigraphy research is OpendTect. The sequence stratigraphic interpretation system of this software is the most distinctive functional module in OpendTect, and it is also the only seismic interpretation system in domestic and foreign commercial software that studies sequence stratigraphy through seismic data. The system is driven by seismic data, and realizes sequence stratigraphy research through full three-dimensional automatic tracking of sedimentary cycle rhythm and automatic conversion of Wheeler domain [8].
Fault sealing is an important factor to predict the possible oil and gas column height of fault block traps and evaluate trap integrity. Compared with other softwares, TrapTesTer has analyzed more data and considered many parameters in the process of fault sealing research, and the analysis results obtained are relatively more reliable.
Combined with the above analysis, the flow chart of multi-software joint application technology corresponding to the research idea is given (Figure 6).
Fig. 6 Flow chart of multi-software system joint application technology
Figure 6 multi? Joint application of software systems
The above technical process only reflects the joint application of various softwares. For example, based on Jason's inversion results, three-dimensional geological modeling with Petrel can further integrate various data such as logging, mud logging, earthquake, inversion results and attribute prediction results, provide a convenient comprehensive analysis platform for researchers, further predict the spatial distribution characteristics of reservoirs in detail, and improve the quantitative degree of reservoir prediction [1 1, 12]
Fig. 7 Inversion of Natural Gamma Parameter Contact Profile
Figure 7. Huh? Inversion of natural gamma parameters of arrival profile
Fig. 8 Well connection profile of 3D natural gamma model
Figure 8. Huh? Well profile to 3D natural gamma model
In the actual research process, the application of various technical means is complex and changeable. Different technologies can be cross-applied, and the same technology can be used in parallel. In a word, the application of geophysical software technology is born and changed according to the tasks and problems studied.
4 Understanding and discussion
Summarizing the above research, we can get the following understandings: ① Geophysical software system is rapidly upgrading, and it is one of the necessary conditions to accurately choose reasonable technical means, grasp the update trend of software technology in time, and understand the changes of its application conditions and application scope. (2) The joint application of various software technologies is very complicated, and various research technologies may cross each other or be used in parallel. Then, the technical process of multi-software joint application is also complex and changeable, and it needs to be gradually improved in the process of continuous deepening of project research and continuous application of software technology. ③ Strengthening the understanding of mainstream software and characteristic software, giving full play to the role of software resources, and strengthening the joint application of multiple geophysical exploration software are more conducive to solving problems and difficulties encountered in production and scientific research, and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of problem solving.
refer to
Yang Ping, Liu,. 2003. Lithologic trap prediction method and its application [J]. Daqing Petroleum Geology and Development, 22 (3): 10- 12
Zhao Jian. 20 10. Research on development trend and strategy of geophysical software technology. Progress in exploration geophysics, 33 (2): 77-9 1.
[3], Zhao improved .2001.265438+20th century seismic data processing system. Petroleum Geophysical Exploration, 40 (4): 126- 139.
[4] jinliang. Jason inversion software demonstration report. internal data
[5] Introduction of GeoFrame software of Schlumberger.
[6] Introduction of Jason software of Huigu Company
[7] Introduction of Petrel software of Schlumberger Company
[8] Introduction of OpendTect software of Detong Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
[9] Introduction of FracPM software of Beijing Boda Ruiheng Technology Co., Ltd.
[10] introduction of TrapTesTer software of Ji Tai Ye Wei technology co., ltd.
Zhang Chunlei, Xiong Qihua, Zhang Yiwei. Application of stochastic simulation technology in reservoir description in oilfield exploration stage. Journal of Petroleum University (Natural Science Edition), 25 (1): 59-62.
[12] Duan Lindi. 2007. Study on Fine Prediction of Thin Sandstone Reservoir with High Mud Content [D]. Beijing: China Geo University (Beijing)
Joint application of multi-software system in oil and gas exploration
Wan Xiaoming 1 2, Zhang Kangshou 1 2, Li Rui 1 2, Jian Xiaolin 1 2.
(1. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510760; 2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Guangzhou, 5 10760)
Abstract: With the continuous development of oil and gas exploration and development technology, a large number of professional softwares such as geophysics and geology have appeared. Generally speaking, these softwares are very professional, targeted and distinctive. In order to solve the difficulties in the exploration projects of mineral resources such as oil and gas and hydrate more conveniently and efficiently, it is necessary to make full use of these advanced technologies. Therefore, many research institutions have introduced corresponding professional software systems such as geology and geophysics. In this paper, the joint application of several major and commonly used geophysical software systems in oil and gas and hydrate exploration is studied and discussed, and the corresponding technical flow is obtained.
Key words: geophysics; Resource exploration; Software system; Joint application