Technical aspects: The principles of shielding protection and distance protection can be adopted. Shielding protection refers to the use of substances with higher atomic number, usually lead or lead-containing substances, as a barrier to absorb unnecessary X-rays. Distance protection refers to using the principle that the X-ray exposure is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, and reducing the exposure by increasing the distance between the X-ray source and the human body.
X-rays emitted from X-ray tube to human body can be divided into two types: primary radiation and secondary radiation. Secondary radiation occurs when primary radiation penetrates other substances, and its energy is less than that of primary radiation, which has great influence. X-ray tube and shell, shading tube and aperture, filter plate, lead glass behind the screen, lead screen, lead rubber apron, lead gloves, walls, etc. are usually used for shielding protection. It is a simple protective measure to increase the distance between human body and X-ray source for distance protection.
Patient: There are no patients who need special care, and family members don't have to accompany them to check, so there is no need to be exposed to radiation. Medical staff should not neglect the protection of patients and subjects just because they come to the hospital for examination once; Subjects should also have a sense of self-protection and refuse unreasonable medical irradiation. In order to avoid unnecessary X-ray irradiation and irradiation exceeding the allowable amount, appropriate X-ray detection methods should be selected and correct detection procedures should be designed. The exposure times of each X-ray examination should not be too many, and it should not be repeated many times in a short time (this is especially important for tomography and angiography). Pay attention to the accuracy of position, range and exposure conditions when projecting photos. Wear protective equipment (lead apron, lead collar, lead cap, lead eyes, lead gloves, tooth protection skirt, etc.). ) to cover the parts that don't need to be checked.
Radiologist: According to the national health standard for radiation protection, make necessary protective measures, conduct X-ray examination correctly, conscientiously implement health care regulations, and regularly monitor the dose received by radiologists. When working in X-ray environment, lead apron, lead collar, lead cap, lead glasses, lead gloves, lead mask and gonad protection should be worn, and self-protection should be strengthened by using the principle of distance protection.