Exosomes are small vesicles released by eukaryotic cells that contain a variety of cell membrane molecules and related proteins. They are vesicle-like structures that are released into the extracellular environment after the fusion of intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) membranes with the cell membrane, and are called exosomes (EXOs). Various types of cells can release EXO in this extracellular secretion manner. Antigen presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (DC), B cells, T cells, mast cells, intestinal epithelial cells and tumor cells, can release EXO. EXO secreted by APC is rich in MHC I, II and tumor stimulating molecules, and can exert effective immune stimulation and anti-tumor immunity in animal models
Exosome is a late endosome secreted by a variety of living cells Small vesicles of 40-100nm can be found in blood, urine, amniotic fluid, malignant tumor ascites and other animal body fluids. The specific functions of exosomes from different sources are closely related to the specific proteins and microRNA they contain and the microenvironment in which they are located. Its main research focuses on its induction, enhancement of the body's immune response function, immune tolerance and tumor treatment, etc. Function.
In addition to being responsible for protein transport, Exosome can also transport mRNA and microRNA and ensure that microRNA is not degraded by RNase. Since miRNA exists in large amounts in exosomes, especially in tumor cells, microRNA in exosomes It gradually plays a role as a new tumor marker and treatment direction in tumor treatment. Therefore, purification of exosomes is also more important.