The overall structure of the Gejiu industry-university-research mineral prospecting scientific research base is as follows: the indoor exhibition hall is based on the Yunnan Tin Museum, supplementing geology, rocks, minerals, strata, various prospecting and exploration map materials and physical specimens; The field investigation targeted the Gejiu Malage, Songshujiao, Gaosong, Laochang and Kafang mines, and carried out on-site field investigations in the mining areas to optimize the selection of Gejiu super-large tin-copper polymetallic mining areas or peripheral important geological phenomena, geological relics, and important geological landscapes. The preservation and visualization of the situation; the auxiliary construction includes production units closely related to the Gejiu tin mine, such as mineral processing plants, smelters, and process processing plants. Conduct on-site surveys. At the same time, we systematically organize relevant exploration, scientific research, and method and technology application results materials, and study the base. Develop the relevant content and expression forms required for construction, and formulate detailed plans for the exhibition hall. Specific promotion methods include websites, videos and popular science books.
(1) Yunxi Museum
Yunxi Museum is the iconic brand of Yunxi Group Company. The museum is composed of a comprehensive hall, a "long history" hall, a "rich resources" hall, an "advanced technology" hall, a "unique culture" hall, an "outstanding brand" hall, an exhibition hall, and a studio. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on February 13, 2006, and construction was completed on January 30, 2007.
Add a special booth for the three-dimensional integrated exploration and research base of metal minerals in the Yunnan Tin Museum, and use the Yunnan Tin Museum as the basis of the ore prospecting scientific research base, mainly based on the following three considerations: First, from the perspective of transportation, Yunnan Tin The museum is located in the center of Gejiu City, within the Yunxi Group Company. It is extremely convenient in terms of transportation and geographical conditions. It can provide convenience to the public, including geological science and technology personnel, such as providing geological science knowledge to primary and secondary school students. On the other hand, the Yunxi Museum It is not far from several mines in the field. It is basically a museum built on the spot. It can be used for timely field inspections to deepen the impression of typical mines. Secondly, in terms of content, the Yunxi Tin Museum is a concentration of the entire Gejiu prospecting development history and geological scientific research. The pictures and texts include a large number of field photos and a large number of physical models, which can present geological phenomena to future generations more intuitively and learn more about Gejiu's prospecting history; thirdly, from a management perspective, Yunxi Museum is affiliated to Yu Yunxi Group Company provides standardized management in aspects such as museum maintenance, opening hours, and library product updates. Based on the above three points, with the full cooperation of the Yunnan Tin Group Company, the Yunnan Tin Museum was selected as an important place for the ore prospecting scientific research base. It is practical and can serve as a basis for understanding the history of prospecting development and conducting basic The role of geological science education and other aspects.
In view of the existing collection conditions of the Yunnan Tin Museum, through the implementation of public welfare projects, some supplements have been made in terms of geology, rocks, minerals, strata, various prospecting and exploration maps and materials, and physical specimens. The overview includes two aspects: On the one hand, based on the mineralization diversity of the Gejiu deposit, specimens of different types of typical ores have been systematically collected and supplemented, mainly including typical skarn-type ores, tourmaline vein-like ores, interlayer Oxidized ores, basalt-type ores and altered granite-type ores, especially altered granite-type ores, have been collected through the study of the geological mineralization rules of the western Laochang depression belt. Representative samples of this new type discovered in recent years have been collected. Larger-scale ores represent a new direction for ore prospecting. The supplement of this ore type is undoubtedly necessary for the construction of the prospecting scientific research base and venues; on the other hand, various prospecting and exploration maps and materials have been supplemented and compiled. For example, in the mineralization diversity prospecting model map and representative rock ore identification photos under the microscope, this part of the work is an indoor research result, a result of refining and processing, and can help deepen the understanding of geological laws.
(2) Mining-selection-smelting and inspection of typical sites
As a mining city with decades of mining experience, Gejiu has not only accumulated a lot of experience in prospecting but also can It can be used as a reference for other mines in terms of mining, mineral processing and smelting. Over the years, both mining companies and scientific research institutes have invested a lot of work in various aspects of mining, processing and smelting, and have achieved fruitful experience and results, providing valuable experience for non-ferrous metal mining, processing and smelting. As part of the content of the ore prospecting scientific research base, it is also necessary to summarize the experience and plan the route for mining, dressing and smelting.
In terms of mining: First of all, advanced geological prospecting theories, prospecting methods and means have been applied to make unified arrangements for geological prospecting and production system optimization, and the construction of three major mining areas 1360, 1600 and 1800 has been implemented. A multi-functional platform for exploration, development and transportation; secondly, the past box mining method is replaced by the filling mining method, segmented, layered caving method, multi-access mining method, etc., to effectively reduce the consumption of wood and energy during the mining process , effectively improving the recovery rate and speed, with the recovery rate reaching more than 85%; finally, strengthening the recovery of residues and low-grade ores, strengthening the recycling of residual ores, tailings and low-grade ores, and improving the comprehensiveness of mineral resources Improve the level of recycling and improve the economic benefits of enterprises.
In terms of mineral processing in mines: First, increase the development, technological transformation, introduction, promotion and use of new mineral processing techniques, new equipment, new chemicals and new materials, relax the grade restrictions on mineral processing, and comprehensively recover the associated tin ore. of copper, lead, sulfur and other elements to improve the recovery rate of mineral processing; secondly, the low-grade tailings (average tin content 0.16%) that have been deposited in the tailings pond for many years are recycled and utilized. More than 20 comprehensive recovery tailings companies The dressing plant recovers 2,000 tons of tin from more than 1.2 million tons of tailings every year; thirdly, the tailings generated by the dressing are scientifically managed so that they are discharged into the standardized tailings storage. After the tailings water is clarified, all the tailings are recycled Recycling not only avoids environmental impact, but also greatly reduces mineral processing costs and protects water resources; finally, the out-of-service tailings ponds are reclaimed or greened to avoid the loss of tailings resources and sand and dust pollution.
In terms of mining and smelting: first of all, the technical equipment has been updated, Australian high-tech has been introduced to build a strengthened smelting furnace, and supporting washing, desulfurization and purification facilities have been built; secondly, new technologies and processes have been adopted to recover renewable resources, For example, the sulfur slag and antimony slag produced after crude tin refining is used to regenerate tin-based bearing alloys. White arsenic is produced again by using high-arsenic smoke recovered from smelting. Use electrolyzed anode mud to extract gold, indium, bismuth, silver and other rare and precious metals. Use copper smelting waste gas to produce sulfuric acid, etc. The annual comprehensive recovery is 30kg of gold, 40t of silver, 10t of indium, 90t of bismuth and 15,000t of sulfuric acid.
With the strong cooperation and support of Yunnan Tin Group Company, combined with the actual production, representative mining, dressing and smelting bases were selected respectively: mining is divided into open-pit mining and tunnel mining, and old-age mining is selected for outcrop mining. In the Dadoushan open-pit stope of the factory, the mechanized mining of the middle section of the forward pit 1800 in the Dabaiyan ore section was selected for tunnel mining. Datun Ore Concentrator is the largest non-ferrous metals comprehensive enterprise in Asia under the Yunnan Tin Group Company. It is a state-owned medium-sized ore concentrator with a history of more than 50 years. Its production adopts the float-gravity-float-magnetic process and processes raw ore on a daily basis. 7000t, with an annual output of more than 16000t of tin and copper metal. For mining and smelting, we chose the Smelting Branch of Yunnan Tin Company located in Jinhuxi, Gejiu City. It is a direct branch of Yunnan Tin Industry Co., Ltd. and the main tin smelting base of Yunnan Tin Industry Co., Ltd. It currently produces refined tin, solder, tin-based alloys, etc. 51 varieties of products have formed a complete tin smelting production process through continuous technological transformation and industrial upgrading.
(3) Display and protection of typical wild phenomena
According to the construction goals, the display and protection of wild geological phenomena is an important part of base construction. Combined with the actual production of the mine, preliminary planning of the display of wild phenomena with conservation priorities.
1. Selection of locations of important geological phenomena in the field
Cooperating with various mines, we first classified these phenomena and initially divided these phenomena into two categories: the first category is basic geology part, and the second category is mining geology. Basic geology mainly understands the geological background of Gejiu mineralization, including strata, structures and magmatic rocks, which can be observed in various mines; while mining geology mainly selects geological phenomena related to mineralization, including different types of minerals. : Sn, Cu, Pb, Zn, W and other mineralization characteristics, followed by the geological characteristics of tin deposits of different genetic types, including skarn type, interlayer oxide deposits, vein deposits, basalt deposits and internal deposits of magmatic rocks, etc. . Based on these classifications, typical geological phenomena are selected and planned as a whole.
The location of the observation points and the corresponding observation key phenomena are generally planned as follows:
(1) Gejiu Laochang Dongtangzi concave ore section: altered granite type Cu, Sn, W, Mo mineralization geological characteristics;
p>
(2) Gaosong Lutangba ore section: Geological characteristics of interlayer oxide minerals Sn and Cu mineralization;
(3) Kafang Dabaiyan ore section: skarn type and basalt copper Mine;
(4) Laochang Mine: contains tourmaline veins.
2. Protection of important geological phenomena in the wild
Since the mines have been continuously exploited, many phenomena may disappear with the mining. In addition to communicating with the mines and carrying out fixed-site reservations, other Conservation can be achieved through photographs, sketches and, most importantly, specimen collection. At present, various types of geological phenomena have been photographed, and a photo library of typical geological phenomena in Gejiu has been established and classified. Related specimens have also been systematically collected to protect typical geological phenomena through various channels.
The main venue for the collection, storage and display of typical physical specimens in the mining area is the Yunxi Museum. Further collect historical application data of prospecting and exploration technology, fully carry out secondary development, obtain systematic and complete geological data, summarize the experience of prospecting and exploration technology, and obtain various maps including geology, rocks, minerals, stratigraphy, physical and chemical exploration, etc. files to enrich and improve the construction of Yunxi Museum. Emphasis is placed on the protection of typical mine profiles, geological relics, tunnels, rock masses, pits, etc., especially the protection of typical geological phenomena, which can be recorded through in-situ protection or specimen collection, photography, etc. If conditions permit, basic facilities such as exhibition halls, specimen halls, and core libraries will be constructed in each mine to further protect the original geological data.