To answer this question, we must first figure out: What kind of results have confidentiality value? I think the answer is very simple: if keeping something secret will benefit oneself, then the thing has confidentiality value. Here, based on my personal understanding, I divide all the "advanced technologies" mentioned by the question into two parts: "science" and "technology" based on "whether it can order one's own interests to be obtained within a short period of time while keeping confidentiality" . "Science" focuses more on "discovering new, unknown realities", which directly promotes the development of the entire field. "Technology" focuses more on "changing the reality of scientific discoveries for one's own benefit." The direct result is to benefit one's own side, and then indirectly promote the development of the entire field as all parties compete to develop technology. Therefore, my point is that "science" has relatively little secrecy value, while "technology" has relatively large secrecy value.
As far as "science" is concerned, that is, the "documents published in various academic journals" you mentioned, most of these are not confidential. Because for scientific research, "reproducibility" is an extremely important factor. As recent as Obokata Haruko's STAP cell research, as far away as Professor Huang Yuxi's embryonic stem cell research, after an extremely important work is published, countless researchers in the same field will try to repeat and expand the work, and determine the authenticity of your work. . In this case, there is no need to keep scientific research results confidential. On the contrary, a scientific worker needs to provide all the details of his results so that the results can be repeatedly verified and then developed. At the same time, the confidentiality of scientific research results does not have practical significance in many cases. The results of scientific research are often theoretical, and in many cases are still far from real life, industrial production, military industry and aerospace. Deliberate concealment of results is also harmful to scientific research.
As for "technology", such as genetically modified atomic bombs, space planes, cannons, and aircraft carriers, these are closely related to one's own interests. The direct purpose of developing technology is to provide benefits to one's own side. In this case, keeping the technology secret can benefit oneself to the greatest extent. Everyone will naturally do everything possible to hide it, and even if they want to communicate, it will be more in the form of "exchange."