Mung bean, also called green adzuki bean, is a traditional bean food of our people. The protein content of mung bean is almost three times that of japonica rice, and there are more inorganic salts such as vitamins, calcium, phosphorus and iron than japonica rice. Therefore, it not only has good edible value, but also has very good medicinal value, and is called "the food of the world". In hot summer, mung bean soup is the favorite summer drink of ordinary people. Efficacy: Mung bean tastes sweet and cool, and has the function of clearing away heat and toxic materials. People who work in high temperature environment in summer sweat a lot, and the electrolyte balance in the body is destroyed. Supplementing with mung bean soup is the most ideal method, which can clear away heat and relieve summer heat, replenish qi to quench thirst, induce diuresis, not only replenish water, but also replenish inorganic salts in time, which is of great significance to maintaining water-liquid electrolyte balance. Mung beans also have detoxification effect. In case of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, lead poisoning, alcoholism (drunkenness) or taking the wrong medicine, you can first fill a bowl of mung bean soup for emergency treatment and then send it to the hospital for emergency treatment. People who often work in a toxic environment or come into contact with toxic substances should often eat mung beans to detoxify and protect their health. Regular consumption of mung beans can supplement nutrition and enhance physical strength.
High-yield cultivation techniques:
1. Variety selection: according to market demand and people's tastes, select varieties with lodging resistance, good branching, vigorous growth, short growth period, simple cultivation, concentrated pod setting, high yield, oil green and large and full seeds; The edible characteristics are Anyue oil mung bean and Luzhong No.1, which are perishable and have no stone beans, and the taste of the imported slag is good.
Second, sowing date, sowing amount, density and sowing method: if the woodland is free, the sowing date can be arranged in early April; If there are previous crops, they can be planted in Koharu after harvest, and the suitable sowing date must be arranged before the end of May, so as to ensure seedlings and high yield. We must persist in grasping the time and soil moisture, and pay close attention to sowing when the soil is wet after rain; In case of drought, clean manure water can be used to drench the nest after sowing. Seed dressing with 1 0g ammonium molybdate per mu1kg seeds, water per mu10kg (the unused water is used for other equipment), and sowing after sweating. The sowing specifications are: net planting 2 meters, row spacing 50 cm, hole spacing 40 cm, sowing 3200-3400 holes per mu, sowing 5-6 seeds per hole, sowing 2-3 plants per hole, sowing about 9500 plants per mu; On the basis of keeping a distance of 40em from the base of the fruit tree, the fruit forest will be opened for 2 meters, which is basically the same as the standard of net planting; Intercropping refers to the net planting specification, and the sowing amount per mu is determined according to the situation.
3. Application of base fertilizer: Generally, 20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu, 25 kg of ash fertilizer 1 1,000 kg or plant ash is added, and 300 kg of sandy loam is mixed to cover the seeds evenly. It is necessary to apply 15 kg of high-quality bio-organic fertilizer per mu of single-use field, and the best covering effect is 300 kg of sandy loam soil.
Fourth, field management: timely check the seedlings to ensure the whole seedlings; Four-leaf seedling. In barren land, seedlings were raised with 5 kg ammonium bicarbonate and 1000 kg manure water at seedling stage. At the initial flowering stage, 40 kilograms of ammonium molybdate water remained during seed dressing was mixed with water for topdressing outside the back roots of leaves. At the same time, before the initial flowering period, soil should be cultivated, weeded and paved in time to prevent lodging. Attention should also be paid to the prevention and control of bridge-building insects and leaf rollers.
5. Harvest and storage in the sun: timely harvest by stages, generally 2-3 batches. Mung bean seed coat is easy to absorb moisture and get wet. If the temperature and humidity are high during storage, it is easy to lose germination rate and even rot. Therefore, mung bean seeds should be stored in dry, ventilated and low temperature conditions, and can be packed in gunny bags. When the water content is 12- 14%, the water storage height should not exceed1m; The stacking height shall not exceed 6 bags. If the number of seeds is small, they can be stored in jars. Usually, a small amount of quicklime is filled at the bottom of the jar to absorb water, then a sack is put on it, and the dried and cooled seeds are put into the jar. Finally, seal the jar mouth with plastic sheets and put it in a dry and cool place.
6. Precautions: When sowing, do not use chemical fertilizer as seed fertilizer, especially nitrogen-containing chemical fertilizer or calcium superphosphate as seed dressing. Don't sow before it rains. It is necessary to divide the seedlings resolutely and evenly in time, not to be greedy, and to ensure good individual development. Seeds should be packed in bamboo utensils and gradually dried from coarse to fine. Don't expose yourself to the sun on cement, slate and cement floor, so as not to break the skin, destroy the structure of protein and affect the quality of seeds and commodities. Seed moisture is generally required to be below 13%. After the mung bean is dried, it should not be put into storage while it is hot, but should be put into storage after it is cooled. Pay attention to crop rotation, continuous cropping for many years will seriously reduce production.
Pests and diseases and their control
(I) Occurrence of mung bean diseases and insect pests There are many mung bean diseases and insect pests in our city, among which mung bean leaf spot disease, ring spot disease, virus disease, soybean aphid, soybean leaf moth, cricket and mung bean leaf roller are more harmful to mung beans.
1, mung bean leaf spot: it mainly harms leaves, with light brown or dark brown spots on the leaves and obvious yellow circles on the edges. In the later stage, several spots were connected into irregular large spots with a diameter of 5-10 mm. In hot and rainy weather, the spots expanded rapidly and the whole leaves died of iron red.
2. Mung bean ring spot disease: purple spots appear on the lower leaves of infected plants, and then the upper leaves gradually appear, with a diameter of 3- 15 mm, and the back center turns gray-brown with concentric rings. There are countless small black spots on it, and diseases will also harm stems, pods and beans.
3. Mung bean virus disease: After being infected by virus in the field, the symptoms of mung bean are mosaic atrophy and short plants. Field transmission is related to the number of aphids. Timely prevention and control of aphids in mung bean fields and strengthening water and fertilizer management can reduce the incidence rate.
4. Bean borer: It has a great influence on the yield and quality of mung beans. The second and third generation larvae are the most harmful to mung beans in mid-July and mid-August, endangering flower buds, forming insect bags and hiding in them. Larvae has a strong transfer habit, and can transfer plants and pods 2-3 times in a lifetime. Once the larvae are transferred, it can cause 65,438+00-65,438+05 buds to fall off, or eat 2-3 seeds, which will make the damaged parts of beans rot and turn black.
5, aphids: mostly concentrated in the harm of mung bean heart leaves and young leaves. After injury, the leaves of kidney beans shrink and the plants are short, which affects flowering and pod setting.
6. Cricket: It is an omnivorous pest. Nymphs and adults bite off the tender stems of mung bean seedlings, endangering stems, leaves and pods. Adults bloom in July-August, and can be damaged day and night in September-65438+10, but it is more common at night.
7. Mung bean leaf roller moth: the larvae feed on mesophyll tissue, which makes the leaves curl. Mature larvae roll up bean leaves and hide them inside, and pupate in the rolled leaves. Late July to mid-August is the peak period of harm.
(II) Key points of integrated control technology The integrated control of mung bean pests and diseases should focus on agricultural control, actively promote biological control, and rationally use pesticides in key periods.
1. Strengthen field management, plough deeply after autumn and apply more potassium fertilizer.
2. Protect and utilize natural enemies, make full use of their natural control ability and minimize the use of pesticides.
3. Rational use of chemicals for prevention and control, mastering two key periods. First, seed dressing with chemicals during sowing can effectively prevent seedling diseases; Second, spraying at flowering and pod stage, starting from the initial flowering stage, using 40-50g of Zhixing or 800 times of 50% carbendazim per mu, adding 50ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin or 3% acetamiprid10-5g, and adding 50-75kg of water every 7-65435.