The Western sociobiology school uses the group selection theory based on biological selfish genes to explain various human social behaviors. It believes that human social forms, structures, types and even systems are controlled by biological genes and are controlled by genes. Controlling behavior. They believe that sociality is nothing more than a general property of living things. Under the influence of this trend of thought, some scholars began to conduct in-depth observations and analyzes of the animal world, believing that sociality is indeed not a patent of humans, and further believed that animals also have their own culture and thoughts. The revelation of the tit pecked open
In the 1950s, one sunny morning, a tit pecked open the cap of a milk bottle placed at the door of a house. After a few weeks, all the chickadees there had learned the bottle-opening technique and passed it down from generation to generation.
People are beginning to realize that there are very complex interactions between these tits. This phenomenon immediately sparked debate on a global scale. This was the first time that humans began to extensively discuss the topic of whether animals also have culture.
Scientists then turned their attention to primates. They found that great apes in Guinea can use tree sticks to pull out ants from holes and put them directly into their mouths, while great apes in the Gombi region of Tanzania can lure ants to a branch, then crush them into "meat balls" and then Put it in your mouth. Great apes in West Africa will also use stone hammers to knock walnuts on stone slabs or wooden boards to remove the walnut kernels inside...
Anatomy and biology have long proven that humans and great apes share 95% of the same DNA ( DNA), but almost everyone once believed that culture was a non-genetic factor and that creating and possessing culture was a uniquely human trait. British scientists have studied the behavior of African great apes in recent years and concluded that the 39 major behavioral differences among African great ape groups can only be acquired through acquired learning, not innate.
Several professors at Stanford University conducted a 20-year follow-up study on 300 ant colonies. The results of the study show that group living changes the behavior of these ants, and their behavior also differs due to age differences: younger groups will be more aggressive and confrontational than the previous generation, while older groups will be more cautious. Also pay more attention to diplomacy. Since ants only live for one year, they are likely to pass on the "wisdom" created by the previous generation from generation to generation in some special way.
Zoologists also discovered that a group of Japanese Monkeys can learn from each other how to clean food. Now, similar situations have been reported around the world, and research on animal culture has begun to spread to various species: minnows and rainbow killifish can follow their peers to find the best escape route or the most convenient way. Fast food passages; crows can learn from each other to make and use tools for catching food; in many areas, singing birds have even created "dialects"...
Like humans, animals play a vital role in their lives. Influenced by other animals. Animals observe the behavior of their peers and refer to the behavior of other animals when making important choices. Most scientists have believed that this learning ability is caused by the genes that animals gradually acquire as the species evolves. Professor Galif said that there is no doubt that more and more examples prove that humans are not the only animals that can create culture and pass it on. Other animals may also have this ability.
Chimpanzees can recognize it. In the mirror, they will look at their own teeth in the mirror, and turn around to see what they look like behind them. Sometimes they will even put makeup on themselves in front of the mirror! If you find paint spots on your ears when you wake up, these will happen! Orangutans can check their fingers.
Otters can open the caps of beer bottles; octopuses can use their 500 million neurons and multiple arms to remove crabs from jars; dolphins can imitate divers and Purring (like the sound of bubbles coming out of a wetsuit) all shows that animals are self-aware, expressing attitudes, learning skills, creating lives, and even telling lies! Let humans get out of the jungle and free themselves from animal instincts to make countless decisions: whether it is choosing charming clothing, choosing a favorite partner, a career or even a belief. Animals are not stupid, they have their own unique thinking abilities and magical powers. Premonitions, astonishing creativity, learning and adaptability...
The increasingly common use of "technological learning", tool use and group living has allowed animals to gradually create their own culture and incorporate this into their This culture is passed down from generation to generation.
Kevin Leyland, a psychologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, said, "This seems like a kind of ladder to being human." With culture, the behavior of animals will become increasingly surprising and unpredictable. , humans have to reconsider ecological issues.
Hal Whitehead, a biologist at Dalhousie University in Canada, said that if animals also have culture, then they may also have minds. If that were the case, the long-established divide between humans and animals would become negligible. Perhaps, "there is no imaginary barrier that separates humans and animals."