Quantity and quality of patents: The quantity and quality of patents can reflect a country's research and innovation ability in a certain technical field. If China has a large number of patents in a certain technical field, especially high-quality patents, it shows that China is in a leading position in this field.
Quantity and quality of published papers: The quantity and quality of published papers can reflect the research level of a country in a certain technical field. If China has published a large number of papers in a certain technical field, especially high-quality papers, it shows that China is in a leading position in this field.
Formulation of technical standards: The formulation of technical standards can reflect a country's right to speak and influence in a certain technical field. If China has formulated or participated in the formulation of a large number of technical standards in a certain technical field, especially international standards, it shows that China is in a leading position in this field.
Market share: Market share can reflect a country's competitiveness and influence in a certain technical field. If China has a high market share in a certain technical field, especially in the global market, it shows that China is in a leading position in this field.
Integrity of industrial chain: the integrity of industrial chain can reflect a country's comprehensive strength and competitiveness in a certain technical field. If China has a complete industrial chain in a certain technical field, from research and development to production to sales, it shows that China is in a leading position in this field.
Talent reserve: talent reserve can reflect a country's sustainable development ability in a certain technical field. If China has a large number of high-quality talents in a certain technical field, especially leading talents, it shows that China is in a leading position in this field.
It should be noted that the above indicators are for reference only and cannot be used alone to measure the leading level of a certain technology in China in the world. It is necessary to comprehensively consider multiple indicators and make analysis and judgment in combination with specific conditions.