Fuller cat litter, bentonite cat litter, silica gel cat litter, ceramic cat litter, zeolite cat litter;
Degradable cat litter (organic cat litter) mainly includes:
Plant cat litter (pine cat litter, bamboo litter, grass litter and paper scraps), coarse grain cat litter (tofu cat litter, corn cat litter and wheat cat litter).
Fuller cat litter
Fuller cat litter, also known as mineral cat litter, is mainly composed of non-agglomerated Fuller clay.
Common fullerenes include kaolinite clay, montmorillonite clay, sepiolite clay and attapulgite clay.
In 1980s, due to the agglomeration characteristics of montmorillonite, montmorillonite was used as bentonite cat litter alone.
Kaolin is a kind of kaolinite clay, mainly composed of kaolinite minerals, with high whiteness, soft texture, suitable for dispersion and suspension in water, good plasticity and high cohesiveness.
The wet expansion coefficient of kaolin is between 3%- 10%, and the smaller the particle size, the greater the expansion coefficient.
sepiolite clay
It is a kind of clay with sepiolite as the main component.
The appearance is yellowish brown, dark gray and grayish white. Soil, soft and light, sticky and plastic, feels slippery with hands. After adding water, it can be made into paste, and after drying, it can be hammered to leave hammer marks.
Attapulgite clay is a kind of clay with attapulgite as the main component, which is very similar to montmorillonite clay, and both of them are produced.
The soil is fine and slippery, sticky and plastic when wet, light in weight and small in shrinkage after drying.
Put it in water, it hisses and breaks into pieces, but it doesn't expand.
Although fuller's cat litter is not caked, it is not convenient to treat excrement, but fuller's cat litter, especially attapulgite, decomposes when it meets water, which is especially suitable for flushing toilets.
In other respects, fuller cat litter is similar to bentonite cat litter, which has poor deodorization ability, and artificial essence may be added to cover up the smell.
Bentonite cat litter
The main component of bentonite cat litter is montmorillonite clay.
The appearance is generally white, pink, light gray, light yellow and lavender, which has the characteristics of high liquid limit. If it meets water, it expands obviously and shrinks obviously when it loses water.
The expansion multiple of sodium bentonite is as high as 20 ~ 30 times, and the water absorption rate is as high as 500%.
Bentonite cat litter is usually formed by adding water and additives to sodium bentonite powder and molding and drying.
Bentonite can quickly join the group, reduce the generation of broken garbage and facilitate cleaning, and become one of the mainstream cat litter.
However, bentonite cat litter has large dust and poor deodorization ability. It can only be deodorized by adding artificial spices or other deodorants, which is easy to harm the cat's respiratory system.
Moreover, it is dense and heavy, which leads to high courier fees and is inconvenient for consumers to carry.
Silicone cat litter
Silica gel cat sand, also known as crystal sand, is usually C-shaped block uncertain silica gel or spherical silica gel sand with large pores and strong adsorption and deodorization ability.
Crystal cat litter
It is easy to produce silica gel dust, which is harmful to people and cats, and the crystal cat litter has poor agglomeration.
You can use a single-layer cat toilet or a double-layer cat toilet, so that powdered cat litter can be filtered to the bottom and the rest of the urine can be absorbed with a diaper pad.
Discolored crystal sand
Usually, crystal cat litter will be added with additives for water saturation detection and ammonia removal.
Cobalt chloride is often used as a water detector. Anhydrous cobalt chloride is blue, and cobalt chloride turns red or pink when it meets water.
Cobalt chloride can also be used as ammonia absorbent to absorb ammonia in feces. However, cobalt chloride is toxic and allergic, which is not suitable for long-term use.
PH detection of crystalline sand
The crystal sand for detecting urinary diseases takes silica gel cat sand as the carrier.
Adding PH mixed indicator into silica gel cat litter,
The discoloration range of methyl red is 4.2-6.2, from red to yellow.
The color change range of thymol blue is 6.7-7.5, from yellow to blue. The color indication of cat litter can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of methyl red to bromothymol blue in the mixed indicator.
By adding dispersant, the mixed indicator is evenly dispersed in silica gel, which can stably indicate the pH value of cat urine.
The PH value of cat urine is generally between 5.5 and 7.5, which is mostly acidic.
If the cat urine changes from acidic to alkaline, the color changes from yellow (PH≈6.5) to blue (PH≈7.5). It may be a physical problem.
The PH detection of crystal sand can keenly detect urinary system diseases, cystitis, bladder stones, urethral obstruction, bladder infection and so on in cats. Cats with a history of infection can be well monitored.
Lazy cat litter
Lazy cat litter is a kind of cat litter used in automatic cat toilets and also a kind of silicone cat litter. Lazy cat litter can be reused, washed and dried.
Each addition can be used for 3 months and half a year to supplement the loss brought by cat feces and disintegration.
Lazy sand is a special silica gel cat litter, which increases the service life of cat litter and has the function of color detection.
Ceramic cat litter
Ceramic cat litter is also called ceramsite cat litter, and ceramsite is often used as a filler at the bottom of the bathroom.
Ceramsite has many pores and strong water absorption ability, but ceramsite has no agglomeration ability, so a double-layer cat litter basin should be used. Ceramsite cat litter can be cleaned, dried and recycled.
Zeolite cat litter
Zeolite was first discovered by Krans in 1756. Natural aluminosilicate ore will boil when burning, so it is called zeolite.
Zeolite cat litter is very similar to ceramsite cat litter, both of which have water absorption holes and can be reused after cleaning and drying. It is recommended to use a double-deck cat toilet.
Caomusha
Cat litter mainly includes loose sand, bamboo chip sand, grass sand, paper sand and other varieties.
The main raw materials are sawdust powder, bamboo powder, straw powder, cotton stalk powder, paper scraps, leaves, peanut shells and so on.
This raw material for producing cat litter may be used. All kinds of furniture are made of scraps and recycled pulp, with high formaldehyde content.
It is not excluded that some vegetation sand is made of natural sawdust and grass powder, but the adhesive is added in the bonding process of cat sand, which leads to the overall formaldehyde exceeding the standard.
Controlling formaldehyde content in vegetation sand is the first priority. Vegetation sand is easy to disintegrate when it meets water, and can be directly flushed into the toilet, but a double-layer cat litter basin must be used, and a urine pad should be laid on the bottom cat litter basin.
Coarse grain cat litter
Coarse grain sand mainly includes tofu cat litter, corn cat litter, wheat sand and other varieties.
Is prepared from pea dregs, bean dregs, mung bean dregs, corncob, wheat bran, rice husk, rice flour and other raw materials. And additives such as guar gum, sodium polyacrylate and leavening agent.
Light weight, strong water absorption, and good adhesion, but Binacci bentonite is poor.
The biggest problem of coarse grain cat litter is that it is easy to deteriorate and mildew, and aflatoxin may exceed the standard, which will be very harmful for cats to eat by mistake.
So what needs to be corrected is that coarse grain cat litter can't be eaten. Don't believe the food grade advertised by cat litter.
Coarse grain cat litter is not strong in bearing capacity, and it is easy to be crushed to death by cats, resulting in great losses.
Deodorization ability is worse than silica gel and bentonite. General coarse-grain cat litter includes taste-masking derivatives such as green tea and peaches, and mixed activated carbon absorbs odor.
Why not use pure activated carbon cat litter?
The main reason is that the color fading is serious and the cat's claws are easy to turn black.
Precautions for cat litter
Formaldehyde content should be used as the main index of cat litter. Acute formaldehyde poisoning is manifested as irritation to skin and mucosa.
Inhalation of high concentration formaldehyde can induce bronchial asthma, pneumonia and pulmonary edema. It is mutagenic and carcinogenic for a long time.
It is very harmful, not only to cats, but also to people.
aflatoxin
Attention should also be paid to the content of aflatoxin in coarse grain cat litter. Aflatoxin is listed as a carcinogen and a highly toxic substance by WHO.
Aflatoxin B 1 major polluted grain and oil products,
In summer, bean dregs and corncob are easy to get moldy and then contaminated by aflatoxin. Therefore, the quality inspection of coarse grain cat litter should be strengthened to avoid greater harm.
Zearalenone
Zearalenone mainly pollutes corn, wheat, rice, barley, corn sand and wheat sand, which needs special attention.
T-2 toxin
Widely distributed in nature, it is a common main toxin that pollutes field crops and stored grain, and is harmful to people and animals.
Long-term toxicity
fungicide
Hexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is often used as a bactericide to treat cat litter.
The cat litter added with PHMB bactericide has good bactericidal effect, but long-term use will cause aggregation toxicity.
deodorant
Cobalt chloride is often used as ammonia remover and moisture indicator in cat litter products, and its toxicity grade is high. Inhalation can cause temporary nervous deafness and kidney damage.
R22 is harmful if swallowed. R49 inhalation may cause cancer. R42/43 may be sensitized by inhalation and skin contact.
additive
There are also many additives in cat litter, mainly to make cat litter look better, mainly to improve water absorption, caking ability, deodorization ability and adhesion ability.
The quality supervision of cat litter is not strict, mainly relying on factory self-discipline and industry supervision. It is very important to choose a reliable manufacturer.