2 English reference adenosine triphosphate [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Xiangya medical dictionary
3 Overview of adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate, also known as adenosine triphosphate, is a phosphoric acid derivative of adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The terminal phosphate group of adenosine monophosphate is connected with another phosphate group, namely adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and ADP is connected with another phosphate group, namely adenosine triphosphate. ATP is an important high-energy phosphate compound in organisms. When every mole of ATP is hydrolyzed to produce ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphoric acid), it can release 7.3 kilocalories (30.5 kilojoules) of free energy. It is the central substance of energy metabolism. The so-called free energy is the energy that can do work at constant temperature and pressure. Complex nutrient molecules contain more free energy. Energy substances such as glucose in cells release free energy in the process of oxidative decomposition, most of which are retained in the form of ATP, and a small part is lost in the form of heat energy. Free energy retained in the form of ATP can be used to do work, such as muscle contraction (mechanical work) and biosynthesis (chemical work). Although heat energy can maintain the body temperature of higher animals, it cannot do work. Because this form of energy can only do work under constant pressure when it flows from a hot object to a cold object, which is impossible in living cells. Cells are isothermal, that is, all parts have the same temperature. Chemical energy retained in ATP can do four kinds of work. First, it can provide chemical energy for biosynthesis. In this process, the terminal phosphate group of ATP is enzymatically transferred to various structural units, making it an activated precursor and ready to be assembled into biomacromolecules, followed by the energy source of cell movement and contraction. The third is to make nutrients move from the low concentration part to the high concentration part through the membrane. Fourthly, during the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein, the accurate transmission of genetic information is ensured. Whenever ATP's chemical energy is used to do work in cells, it will lose its terminal phosphate group, making it become inorganic phosphate (Pi), leaving ADP (sometimes AMP). ADP and Pi regenerate ATP in the process of decomposition and coupling with cellular energy substances. In this way, in the "energy cycle" of cells, ATP is the bridge between productivity and energy demand.
4 Instructions for ATP 4. 1 Drug Name ATP
4.2 English name adenosine triphosphate
4.3 adenosine triphosphate alias is adenosine triphosphate; Adenosine triphosphate; Fructosides; Fructosides; ATP adenosine triphosphate sodium; Disodium adenosine triphosphate; Sodium adenosine triphosphate; adenosine triphosphate
4.4 classification of drugs in circulatory system >: antiarrhythmic drugs > other antiarrhythmic drugs
4.5 dosage form 5mg(2ml).
Injection: 20mg (2ml) each. Adenosine triphosphate for injection: 20mg each; Add 2ml phosphate buffer.
4.6 The pharmacological action of adenosine triphosphate inhibits the autonomy of sinoatrial node, slows down the conduction of atrioventricular node, and has no obvious effect on atrioventricular accessory pathway.
4.7 Pharmacokinetics of adenosine triphosphate After intravenous injection of adenosine triphosphate, it takes effect quickly, with an average of about 2 seconds, a half-life of less than 6 seconds and a short action time of about 10 ~ 20 seconds.
4.8 The indication of adenosine triphosphate is 1. It is suitable for terminating reentrant supraventricular tachycardia.
2. Clinically used for heart failure, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, cerebral arteriosclerosis, coronary arteriosclerosis, acute poliomyelitis and progressive muscular atrophy.
3. A compound injection made of adenosine triphosphate and coenzyme A for hepatitis, nephritis and heart failure.
4.9 Contraindications to adenosine triphosphate: atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome and bronchial asthma are prohibited (ATP can induce bronchial smooth muscle contraction).
4. 10 Precautions 1. Use with caution in patients with sick sinus syndrome or sinus node dysfunction, the elderly and patients with coronary heart disease.
2. Those with allergic history should not use it.
3. Injection is divided into intramuscular injection and intravenous injection, so pay attention to it.
4. Adverse reactions of11adenosine triphosphate: chest tightness, dizziness, nausea, dyspnea, facial flushing, sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block and sinus arrest often appear for several seconds when sinus rhythm recovers, occasionally causing ventricular premature beats and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and the adverse reactions quickly disappear after stopping taking drugs.
4. Administration and dosage of12 adenosine triphosphate: intravenous injection starts with a small dose, 5mg for the first time, and rapid intravenous injection. If it fails, inject 5 ~ 10 mg every 1 ~ 2 minutes. Intravenous injection of adenosine, the first 6mg, rapid intravenous injection. If it fails, inject 6 mg every 5 ~ 10 minutes.
4. 13 drug interaction 1. Dipyridamole can reduce ATP metabolism, enhance drug efficacy, and cause adverse reactions (such as hypotension, dyspnea, vomiting, etc.), so the dosage of ATP should be reduced when combined.
2. The combination of adenosine triphosphate and carbamazepine can aggravate heart block.
3. The effect of adenosine triphosphate can be antagonized by theophylline and other methylxanthines such as caffeine, and the dosage of adenosine triphosphate should be increased when combined.
4. Studies show that digoxin, verapamil, quinidine, propyramide and amiodarone have no obvious effect on adenosine triphosphate to terminate supraventricular arrhythmia.
5. After giving adenosine triphosphate, patients are advised to avoid caffeine intake.
4. 14 Expert opinion