The basic principle system of interior design
The market for interior designers is getting wider and wider, but if we have no design knowledge at all, how can we communicate well with designers? ?The following is the basic principle system of interior design that I shared. Let’s take a look at it together.
1. Indoor and outdoor environment
The general environment of human life is formed by the interaction of planning, landscape, architecture and indoors. It can be simply divided into indoor environment and outdoor environment. Among them, the outdoor environment mainly refers to the environment around the building or between the buildings. The natural environment, artificial environment, and social environment in its field are all important components of the outdoor environment. The outdoor environment is also the most basic environment for human survival activities. It is the extension and extension of the indoor environment. We can imagine that the external environment of the building was created with the creation of the building. When humans started the initial construction behavior, the environment appeared along with it.
As the population grows and buildings emerge, the outdoor environment continues to expand and be defined, expanded and redefined, finally forming streets for people to walk, squares for people to gather, and markets for trading, forming a place that accommodates many people. Villages and cities with buildings and rich outdoor environments. Therefore, the indoor environment is based on the outdoor environment and needs to echo the outdoor environment, but at the same time it is independent of the outdoor environment. There are many similarities between indoor and outdoor environment design. Take the outdoor garden as an example. Although the garden is an open space, its elements have many similarities with the indoor environment. The debate over central influence in garden design and interior design is similar. Take garden design as an example, nature is always quietly destroying the artificial order; take interior design as an example, designers and users seem to be in competition, even though they may be the same person.
2 Basic principle system of interior design
2.1 The introduction function of the entrance
Home is the most important living container in everyone’s life experience. The process of entering any space is the same as any boundary we cross. Robert Venturi pointed out this point in his book "Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture": Architectural design must develop from the outside to the inside. The tension generated by these two seemingly contradictory methods is the What makes it a building. From this, we can summarize the spatial level changes from outdoor to indoor as follows: wall - the key point of internal changes in the building - all important events that occur in the building. The entrance is a spatial node that transitions from outdoor to indoor, and is also a transition from indoor to outdoor. It can integrate indoor and outdoor emotions and experiences to establish independent recognition. The entrance serves as an introduction and an iconic symbol. It will introduce the characteristics of the space you are about to enter, and also directly reveal the style and type of the building.
2.2 The important content of interior graphic design
Le Corbusier mentioned in "Towards a New Architecture": Plane is the beginning of everything. Without plane, there will be no grandeur of goals, and there will be no grandeur of goals. The external style has no rhythm, volume, or even cohesive force. The flat surface can inspire the viewer's unlimited imagination, and it may also contain strict discipline. The flat surface is the key to everything. So, how do designers design planes? The first is the "limitation" of the plan, which must be based on the shape and structure of the building, as well as the time budget of the design itself. Another consideration is "function," but this consideration has only received attention in recent years. Louis Sullivan proposed "form follows function." Form and function are one. Function dominates and even creates form. The function of a room directly affects the relationship between the room and the furniture, and also affects the choice of furniture. Often, the characteristics of the room determine the layout of the floor plan. Furniture, decorative style, and the way in which furniture is placed reflect the characteristics of interior design. The function of interior design is not only a material fact, but also a manifestation of psychological, symbolic and personal subjective factors. Environmental psychologists classify spaces according to the information they convey: if a space is frequently changing, complex, crowded, high-density, and unfamiliar, they classify it as a "high load-bearing" space; if a space is quiet Simple or more familiar, what environmental psychologists call “low load” spaces. An overstimulating space can lead to confusion and frustration in users, while an overly stable space can also create negativity.
Different interior design hierarchies.
There are many types of plane classifications, the most effective of which is classification by moving lines, which can be roughly divided into three types: the first is a plane that can be directly guided to the destination by straight moving lines. For example, the traditional rectangular plan of the "Basilica" church and the plan of the Egyptian temple; the gradual transition of traditional Chinese houses from public space to private space; the Baker Student Dormitory designed by Alvar Aalto for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology building. The second type of plane is the centralized movement line. The moving lines of this kind of plane are concentrated from all directions into a central space, which is the case with the planes of many large religious places. The third type of plan is the free-line plan, and there are more examples of this in modern architecture, such as train stations, markets, exhibition halls or other spanned spaces. Another famous example is traditional Japanese architecture. The use of shoji doors makes the partitions completely flexible and brings freedom in experience. Louis Kahn once said: A plane is a collection of rooms. Rooms are the most basic basis for our experience design. When we walk into any room, the first thing we confirm is the size of the room. People usually use themselves as the standard for measuring space. We must also respect the flexibility and diversity of space. As Louis Kahn said, people don’t speak the same words in a small room as they do in a large space. The size of the room is related to the shape of the room. Usually, the interior should be equipped with rooms of various sizes.
2.3 Closed plane composition in indoor space
Rooms are limited by floors, ceilings, walls, etc. The treatment of the wall depends on whether it has structural significance. If it has structural significance, the form of the wall is best seen as having weight; if the wall does not have structural significance, the same should be done. In more monumental spaces, the most common ones are pilasters or columns. Sometimes columns will replace wall panels, which naturally creates an implicit sense of order. The relationship between the wall and the classical order reminds people of the human body. German philosopher Martin Heidegger believed that walls not only define space, but are also the main element that achieves the characteristics of space - walls are the boundaries of space and are the beginning, not the end. Since the treatment of space is an important and special area of ??architecture and interior design, and the characteristics of space are defined by boundaries and walls, designers must keep in mind the transparency and neutrality of space. The ceiling is not only an important role in interior design, but also a key attachment object in equipment. Generally, the equipment on the ceiling includes lighting, air outlets for heating and cooling, alarm systems (smoke detectors, broadcasts), etc. It’s the interior designer’s job to arrange them neatly at the top of the room. The design of the floor must make users feel safe and stable.
2.4 Door and window design in indoor space
The door has a dual role: it provides a world and closes a world. The outdoor door can protect against wind, rain and wild animals, but the indoor door can protect against each other. In the history of the evolution of civilization, it is not difficult to find that privacy is the exclusive preserve of some people who have the conditions. Just like brand-name porcelain or bed sheets, it is a pure luxury. The existence of doors also gives us privacy options to a certain extent. The door is the connection between space and space. It can make the function of the space meet the needs of the user. Design Rule No. 1: The smaller the room, the smaller the door. Chinese Feng Shui, a 3,000-year-old science, describes the door as the "tone" - the hub of cosmic energy. As far as the door is concerned, it basically faces both the inside and the outside at the same time. But windows are different. After all, the main function of windows is to allow users to look out, and there are fewer opportunities to look in.
2.5 Furniture and decorative configurations in interior design
Furniture is an individual with independent personality, which can add obvious marks to a featureless interior space. It is also an indispensable configuration in interior design, and its existence needs to be integrated with the overall spatial atmosphere of the interior. Furniture from different periods has different appearances, shapes and styles, but despite this, if the overall artistic conception of the furniture matches each other, it is not a bad idea to mix and match. A person's character is usually reflected in his residence, and the choice of furniture reflects his personal taste and cultivation. Furniture can generally be divided into three types: those that serve our bodies, such as chairs, sofas, and beds; those that serve our belongings, such as tables, shelves, and countertops; and those that serve our senses. In the early days, the ceremonial function of the chair was greater than its practical function. There are two sitting postures in daily life: sitting on a chair and squatting on the ground. Western countries only sit on chairs, while China does both. The sofa is a symbol of elegance and comfort, second only to the fireplace in importance.
The dressing table implies vanity, and to some extent, every piece of furniture has this element to a greater or lesser extent. Cabinets are defined as inspiring furniture, closed cabinets with storage properties. Corbusier even called them "an extension of one's soul and limbs." In this way, furniture is decoration and can bring visible and living interest to a regular room. As for interior decoration, people have always regarded decoration as a negative disguise of materials or structures. Excessive stimulation is tiring, and excessive decoration is tiring. The severity of decorative techniques needs to be classified according to different people's psychological endurance and status. The role of decoration is to add icing on the cake. Therefore, its basic design principle is to create a more comfortable and comfortable space environment for people. In interior decoration, in addition to imitating nature, there are also many decorations that are purely geometric, some are abstract natural objects, and some are purely created by the human brain.
Therefore, we must be cautious and rigorous when selecting interior decoration materials and techniques. We must not overexaggerate the role of interior decoration, nor can we ignore it, which will lead to a boring and boring interior space. This involves the mastery of the degree of interior decoration design. Only when this is controlled, retracted and relaxed, can the decoration play its greatest role. In the category of interior decoration, decoration is divided into material decoration and decoration of artworks, handicrafts, etc. Material decoration generally involves the selection and use of a variety of materials, such as wood, stone, glass and steel. The difference between handicrafts and works of art lies in the judgment of their quality, depth of content and rarity. Handicrafts are products that are processed from raw materials or semi-finished products by hand or machine. It is a general term for a group of valuable works of art. Handicrafts come from life, but they create value higher than life. It is the crystallization of people's wisdom, fully embodies human creativity and artistry, and is a priceless treasure of mankind. The emotions contained in works of art are deeper than those of handicrafts. Whether an object is a work of art depends on how it is displayed and who is viewing it. The subtle differences between handicrafts and artworks will bring different feelings to the space creation. Therefore, different selections need to be made according to the needs of the owners and the space environment.
2.6 The use of light and color in interior design
The essence of interior design is people-centered design. Interior design is the design of interior space, which is based on people’s specific perception of space. of. Perceptual abilities can be divided into: vision, touch, taste, smell, hearing and other senses. The information conveyed by these senses constitutes the various elements of interior design. Scientific research shows that in the same room, changes in light or color will affect users' experience of their space. In interior design, imagination and understanding are equally important. Without the appearance of light, there would be no appearance of color. Our perception of color is not only affected by time, place, usage habits, and personal taste, but also varies with light. At the same time, the effect of color and lighting in space is also affected by texture. We generally do not feel a room through touch, but our vision conveys our feelings. Color, light and texture are inseparable. When designers choose colors, they should understand the spatial atmosphere created by each color, as well as the psychology and feelings it expresses.
2.7 Detailed design of interior space
Details determine success or failure. The excellent and exquisite design, on the basis of grasping the overall style, has its own uniqueness in the details. There are two design focuses on details: first, the detail itself is a complete design; second, the detailed design needs to cooperate with the overall space effect. An overall spatial effect is actually composed of many individual details. Details in interior design can be divided into two categories: those that are structurally essential and architecturally relevant, and those that are not. The first kind of architectural-related details can be seen everywhere, and the reasons are usually related to the joining of materials and construction methods. When the details match the overall design style, just seeing the cornice or table legs on the side of the furniture can lead to the style of the entire wall or table. ;