The principle is: Tesla coil is also called Tesla coil because it is directly transliterated from the English name "Tesla". This is a high-frequency transformer with distributed parameters, which can obtain several million volts of high-frequency voltage. The principle of Tesla coil is a device that uses a transformer to boost the ordinary voltage and then discharges it from the discharge terminal through a two-pole coil. Generally speaking, it is artificial lightning. There are fans of Tesla coils all over the world. They made all kinds of equipment and created dazzling artificial lightning.
Tesla coil circuit
First, the alternating current is raised to more than 2000V through a booster transformer (which can break through air), and then the main capacitor (C 1) is charged through a full-wave rectifier bridge composed of four (or four) high-voltage diodes. The igniter consists of two smooth surfaces with a distance of several millimeters between them. The specific distance depends on the terminal voltage of the high voltage output. When the potential difference between the two plates of the main capacitor reaches a certain level, it will break through the air at the igniter and form an LC oscillation loop with the primary coil (L 1, inductance). At this time, due to LC oscillation, high-frequency electromagnetic waves with a certain frequency will be generated, usually between 100kHz and1.5mhz. The discharge tip (C2) is a smooth and conductive object with a certain surface area, which forms an "equivalent capacitance to the ground" with the ground, and the equivalent capacitance to the ground and the secondary coil (L2, inductor) also form an LC oscillation loop. When the LC oscillation frequencies of the primary circuit and the secondary circuit are equal, when the igniter is turned on, most of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the primary coil will be absorbed by the secondary LC oscillation circuit. Theoretically, the potential difference between the discharge tip and the ground is infinite, so high-frequency alternating current with high voltage and low current will be generated in the loop of the secondary coil (the frequency is the same as the LC oscillation frequency), and then the discharge tip will arc with the nearby grounded object. Although the potential difference between the discharge tip and the ground is infinite in theory, the length of the arc is not infinite in practice, which is limited by the power of the power supply (step-up transformer). The calculation method is: the arc length under the root sign (unit: cm) =4.3 18× p (unit: w), assuming that the LC oscillation frequencies of the primary LC oscillation circuit and the secondary LC oscillation circuit are exactly the same (that is, if there is no resonance (the primary and secondary frequencies are not equal), the arc length cannot reach the result calculated by the formula. The method to judge whether it is resonant is1.l1c1= l2c2; 2. Primary LC oscillation frequency = secondary LC oscillation frequency. Achieve either of the two situations, that is, potential resonance. In fact, the essence of these two situations is the same, that is, when the condition 1 is met, the condition 2 will definitely be met.
At present, the utilization of new energy has been formally extended to the dining table, and Tesla coil has been paid more and more attention in wireless power transmission. Electronic circuit network introduces the basic knowledge of Tesla coil in particular.
Tesla coil is also called Tesla coil because it is directly transliterated from the English name "Tesla". This is a high-frequency transformer with distributed parameters, which can obtain several million volts of high-frequency voltage. The principle of Tesla coil is a device that uses a transformer to boost the ordinary voltage and then discharges it from the discharge terminal through a two-pole coil. Generally speaking, it is artificial lightning. There are fans of Tesla coils all over the world. They made all kinds of equipment and created dazzling artificial lightning.
At the beginning of this year, there was an article introducing Tesla coil: close contact with artificial lightning made in the home of Death Hand, which probably introduced the general composition and principle of Tesla coil.
Although the voltage of Tesla coil is high, it is not so dangerous. Anyone who knows about power electronics knows that everything is balanced. The reason why we people or animals get an electric shock is because the conductor heats up instantly, which is the reason of electricity. Power = voltage times current, so although the voltage is very high, the current is very small, which is harmless to people. It is a high-frequency current. As long as it is properly designed, there is almost no danger.
You can do it yourself as long as you are interested.
Anyone who has played "Red Alert" has an impression of this. All advanced magnetic storm weapons in the Soviet Union are variants of Tesla coils, which can be used to receive energy or launch. It is the original invention of wireless power transmission.
From 65438 to 1990s, Nicholas Tesla, assistant of Edison's spectral radiation research project, applied for the first patent. One of the coils is connected to a power supply as a transmitter to emit energy, and the other coil is connected to a light bulb as an energy receiver. After being electrified, the transmitter can vibrate at the frequency of 10 MHz, but does not emit electromagnetic waves.
Tesla later invented the so-called "amplification transmitter", which is now called the high-power high-frequency transmission line * * * vibration transformer for wireless transmission test. Tesla's wireless transmission technology is worth mentioning. Tesla regards the earth as an inner conductor and the ionosphere of the earth as an outer conductor. Through his amplifier transmitter, a low-frequency vibration of about 8 Hz is established between the earth and the ionosphere by using the unique radial electromagnetic wave oscillation mode of the amplifier transmitter, and energy is transmitted by using the surface electromagnetic waves around the earth.
Schematic diagram of traditional Tesla coil
This system is different from the energy transmission mechanism of modern radio broadcasting, but similar to the relationship between alternator and transmission line in AC network. When there is no power receiving end, the transmitter only exchanges reactive energy with the heaven and earth resonant cavity, and the active loss of the whole system is very small. However, if it is a general radio broadcast, the transmitted energy is completely lost in space. Tesla does not have the financial resources to realize this claim in his lifetime. Later generations have completely confirmed the feasibility of this scheme in theory, proving that this scheme is not only feasible, but also efficient, ecologically safe and will not interfere with radio communication. It only involves energy broadcasting and global free access. Under the existing political and economic system, no one actually cares about this idea.
In order to break Edison's technological monopoly, Tesla specially made a "Tesla coil", which consists of an induction coil, a transformer, a lighter, two large capacitors and a transformer with only a few primary coils. When discharging, energy is transferred from the transformer to the capacitor array before ignition. When the capacitor array is fully charged, the igniter ignites when the voltage between the two electrodes reaches the voltage that breaks through the gap in the igniter. At this time, the capacitor array and the main coil form a loop to complete the L/C oscillation, and then transfer the energy to the secondary coil. This device can generate high-frequency high-voltage current, but this high-voltage current is extremely small and will not have obvious physiological effects on the human body.
The circuit and principle of Tesla coil are simple, but it is not easy to adjust to the perfect vibration with the environment.
It involves some calculation formulas of Tesla coil.
If you try to make a Tesla coil, please take a look at my introduction first, so that you can have a general estimate of the danger of Tesla coil. At the same time, if you must get started first, please remember never to start the Tesla coil at home and never use the public ground wire. If the heat dissipation is not solved, please do not let Tesla coil workers work for more than 30 seconds. Otherwise, it may cause a fire. Cut it off.
Arc length: arc length L (unit: inch); Transformer power p (unit watt); L= 1.7*sqrt(P) (sqrt is the prescription)
Capacitor array: transformer output voltage (AC) E (unit volt); Transformer output current I (ma); Maximum capacity of capacitor array c (unit microfarads); Ac frequency f (Hz) c = (106)/(6.2832 * (e/I) * f) [The size of capacitor is related to a matching problem with transformer power. When the alternating current rises to the peak, the capacitor is too large (i.e. sqrt (2)*V), and if the capacitor voltage is too low to break through the air gap of the igniter, the igniter cannot be started.
The calculation of capacitor array is a simple capacitor series-parallel connection, which I learned in junior high school and won't mention here. For example, when the transformer power is 1000W and the output voltage is10000V (AC), the capacitance matching is 0.03 18uf, and the capacitance specification at hand is 0.047UF 1000. In addition, 10 such basic chains are connected in parallel (j), and * * requires 150 capacitors. If the voltage drop of each capacitor is 630v~ (which can greatly prolong the capacitor life), then: 24-BC, 16-J, * * need 384 capacitors.
Others: oscillation frequency: F = 1/(2*Pi*sqrt(L*C))
Secondary coil correlation calculation: as shown in the figure below, primary coil correlation calculation: as shown in the figure below.
Calculation of unloading dock: as shown in the following figure.
Basic data of national standard enameled wire
Diameter of steel wire (mm)
Weight per meter (gram) Resistance per meter (ohm)
0.32 0.72 0.2 18
0.36 0.86 0. 182
0.40 1. 12 0. 140
0.45 1.42 0. 1 12
0.5 1 1.75 0.089
0.57 2. 1 1 0.074
0.64 2.96 0.053
0.72 3.44 0.046
0.8 1 4.49 0.035
0.9 1 5.68 0.028
1.02 6.99 0.023