Achievements of the 11th Five-Year Plan
Editor’s Note The “11th Five-Year Plan” is gradually moving away. These are the five years when the "golden development period" and the "contradiction highlighting period" jointly appeared. They were the five years when the new rural construction was solidly implemented and achieved gratifying results. They were the five years when the international financial turmoil was against the wind and created development miracles. They were the five years of leapfrogging. The 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up are historic moments. It is a five-year period of strong courage and self-rescue in the face of historic natural disasters...
The "11th Five-Year Plan" is about to go through with a firm and courageous pace. He has a journey that belongs to him, and behind him is a series of bumpy roads and hard work. This is an indelible part of China's reform journey, and he left a meaningful figure for us. In the "Today's Talk" a few days ago, we reviewed important topics such as "New Rural Construction" and "Five Years of People's Livelihood" during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period; today, Banyuetan.com will provide you with inspiration for the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" reform Record...
The "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" reform and development achievements have been outstanding
A recent expert questionnaire survey conducted by China (Hainan) Reform and Development Institute (referred to as "China Reform Institute") shows that, 79.10% of experts believe that the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" reform has made certain progress, and 56.78% of experts believe that there have been breakthroughs in some areas.
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, in the face of complex and ever-changing domestic and international economic environments and various major challenges from home and abroad, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, all regions and departments in our country We have actively implemented the Scientific Outlook on Development, resolutely implemented a package plan to deal with the impact of the international financial crisis, strengthened and improved macro-control in a targeted manner, actively promoted the transformation of economic development methods and structural adjustment, and the national economy has developed in the direction expected from macro-control. . The economy is growing steadily and rapidly, the growth of investment and consumption tends to be coordinated, the overall price level is basically stable, energy conservation, emission reduction and structural adjustment have achieved positive results, reform and opening up are actively promoted, employment continues to increase, people's lives are further improved, and the economic and social development situation is generally good.
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, our country has made breakthroughs in promoting economic system reform, social system reform, and administrative system reform. It has achieved significant results in combating the financial crisis and made significant breakthroughs in individual reforms. In particular, rural reforms have generally benefited farmers, major breakthroughs have been made in the reform of basic public services, and people's livelihood construction has received unprecedented attention from governments at all levels. Therefore, the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period is known as the "Five Years of People's Livelihood".
Some reforms are still progressing slowly
Although my country's economic and social development has achieved remarkable results during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, there are still many contradictions and problems that restrict the smooth operation of the economy. Reform progress is still slow in some areas, and reform tasks are still very arduous. Therefore, we must observe calmly, make scientific judgments, plan ahead, and seize the opportunity.
For example, the government-led economic growth model has not been reversed, and has even been strengthened to a certain extent, and the process of market-oriented reform has been slow. The main manifestation is that structural problems are prominent and investment is still the main driving force for economic growth. Especially in the specific period of anti-crisis, stimulus policies focusing on investment have become the main driving force for maintaining economic growth, which objectively leads to development's dependence on reform. The degree is declining, the space for institutional reform to promote development is shrinking, and structural problems including investment and consumption structure, industrial structure, regional structure, etc. have not been significantly improved.
Generally speaking, the economic growth model that mainly relies on investment and export has not yet undergone substantial changes. The fundamental reason lies in the local government-led economic growth model. For example, the pursuit of economic aggregate is the goal, the expansion of investment scale is the main approach, land leasing and the development of heavy and chemical industry projects are the main features, administrative intervention and administrative promotion are the main means, etc. In the context of rapid changes in internal and external development conditions, the task of transforming and reforming the development model during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is even more arduous.
While reforms in some areas have made breakthrough progress, some comprehensive reforms involving multiple departments have had little effect. For example, the reform of monopoly industries lags behind; the reform of the fiscal and taxation system fails to start as scheduled, and the accumulated disadvantages are increasing day by day. In addition, the reform of the administrative system lags behind and no major breakthrough has yet been made. The reform of the large-scale departmental system is still in the stage of functional adjustment to a certain extent, the relationship between the central and local governments has not been straightened out, and the operating efficiency of the innovation system has not been significantly improved.
Promote the transformation of the development model through secondary reforms
The transformation requires giving greater play to the fundamental role of the market in resource allocation and giving full play to the important role of expanding domestic demand in economic growth. ; It is necessary to emphasize the transformation of social public service needs and build a development-oriented social system and policy system suitable for my country's characteristics; it is necessary to emphasize the transformation of government and accelerate the construction of a public service-oriented government.
Currently, the transformation of development methods faces many structural problems. One is the contradiction between system and policy. In the fight against the financial crisis, policy adjustments were in place and a package of economic stimulus plans was launched in a timely manner, but the corresponding package of reforms has not yet been launched. The second is the contradiction between systems. For example, the prominent contradiction between investment and consumption imbalance is caused by both market system defects and imperfect social systems. The third is the contradiction between policies. There are many policy fights between upper and lower levels of government and between various government departments.
Therefore, only by promoting structural reforms and transforming the development model can substantial breakthroughs be achieved. For example, to expand consumption and build a large consumer country, it is necessary to start the reform of the national income distribution system as soon as possible and adjust the income distribution pattern; to adapt to the era of urbanization, it is necessary to break the urban-rural dual structure and promote the reform of the administrative system; to solve the problem of public The problem of product shortage requires accelerating the construction of public service system and so on.
Our country needs to launch the second reform as soon as possible during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. Compared with the first reform, which was characterized by single breakthroughs over the past 30 years, the second reform is a package of comprehensive reform measures. During the first reform, our country was generally still in a survival stage. The main challenge was to solve the problem of food and clothing, and the basic goal was to establish a socialist market economic system; during the second reform, our country began to enter a new stage of development, promoting people's own development. has become the main challenge of reform, and the basic goal is to build an institutional foundation for sustainable development. In the first reform, the main contradiction faced was the problem of backward productivity and the serious shortage of the total supply of social products; in the second reform, the main contradiction faced was the serious shortage of domestic demand. The first reform is mainly to find a path to solve problems in the economic field, and to transform the overall economic growth mode as the main task of reform over a long period of time; the second reform needs to promote the economic system, social system and administrative system. Structural reforms, including institutional reform, to achieve fair and sustainable scientific development goals. The dependence of the overall reform on government transformation has increased in an all-round way
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the main challenge in the transformation of my country's development model is not the economy and society itself, but government transformation and government decision-making. The overall impact of reform and development in the new stage The dependence on government transformation has increased across the board.
In summary, the key to solving the contradiction of resource and environmental constraints lies in realizing the transformation of the economic operating mechanism from government-led to market-led; the key to solving the contradiction of the widening income distribution gap lies in strengthening the government's role in improving income distribution. The key to solving the problem of shortage of basic public goods is to establish the government’s dominant position and leading role in the supply of public goods; the key to solving the problem of lagging behind in public governance is to strengthen the The government's own construction and reform; the main goal of promoting the transformation of the development model is fair and sustainable development, based on consumption-led growth. The government-led growth model does more harm than good and must be changed.
There has been no major breakthrough in the reform of the administrative system during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan". The important reason is that the division of public responsibilities from the central to local governments and the related financial resource allocation issues have not been resolved. At present, the legislation on basic public services lags behind the construction of the entire public service system. This is mainly reflected in the low level of legislation and unclear definition of statutory responsibilities of governments at all levels. It is difficult to reflect the principles of fairness and efficiency in the provision of public services. .
Therefore, an important task in government transformation is to clarify and legalize the responsibilities of governments at all levels in basic public services. An evaluation system for the government's basic public services should be established as soon as possible, and the performance evaluation of basic public services should be linked to the selection and appointment of cadres, laying a solid foundation for the establishment of a government performance evaluation system with basic public services as the core. the basis of. It is necessary to explore the establishment of a public service supervision system. There are huge gaps in the supply of public services between urban and rural areas, regions, and different social groups. However, the current regulatory system is not accountable for this. Therefore, while carrying out institutional reforms in large sectors, there should be independent, authoritative, and professional institutions. We will establish a professional public service supervision committee and explore the establishment of a social supervision mechanism for basic public service.
The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" will promote the reform of the administrative system with government transformation as the main line, clarify the scope of power, the mode of power operation, the interest allocation structure, responsibilities and obligations of the central and local governments, and gradually make the central government The relationship with local governments should be further institutionalized; it is necessary to explore the establishment of a system that balances the power and financial resources of governments at all levels, and realize the transformation from hierarchical finance to district finance in accordance with the requirements of equalization of intergovernmental fiscal capabilities; focusing on improving intergovernmental transfer payments, Establish a mechanism for equalizing fiscal capabilities across jurisdictions, strengthen the fiscal responsibilities of provincial and municipal governments, and ensure county-level financial resources.
It is necessary to promote the reform of the administrative division system in accordance with the requirements of urbanization and urban-rural integration, and accelerate the promotion of administrative "provincial counties"; it is necessary to reasonably divide the executive powers of the central and local governments, establish executive agencies, and strengthen Supervisory power and the establishment of an independent supervisory committee. We must focus on the government's own construction and reform to improve the public governance structure. On the one hand, we must correctly divide the boundaries between the government, the market, and society, so that the government's functions are strictly limited to areas that cannot be solved by the market and society, so that the government can concentrate its energy. Fulfilling public responsibilities; on the other hand, effectively cultivating microeconomic entities and social organizations, giving full play to the comparative advantages of enterprises and social organizations, thereby creating basic institutional conditions for transforming economic development methods and achieving social harmony.
Relieving the pressure on economic growth through positive social system changes
Currently, the pressure faced by my country’s economic growth has profound social roots. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the central government implemented a series of new social policies and made significant progress. However, there are still problems such as unreasonable distribution structure and insufficient overall supply of basic public services. This is the formation of "insufficient domestic consumption". , relative excess capacity” is an important reason.
For example, the investment and consumption demand potential of hundreds of millions of rural people in my country is eye-catching and is considered a rare bright spot on the global economic map. The release of this potential will have a huge role in promoting my country's economic growth. However, the consumption rate of rural residents in our country dropped from the highest point of 32.3% in 1983 to the lowest point of 9.1% in 2007 during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, a drop of 23 percentage points in 24 years. The long-term decline of rural basic public services The lack has seriously inhibited the consumption desire of rural residents.
Therefore, to resolve economic pressure, we must not only adjust economic policies, but also carry out social changes. In the short term, we need to adopt active social policies to stabilize the market, expand employment, strengthen assistance to vulnerable groups, and prevent the two-way transmission of economic pressure and social problems; in the medium and long term, we need to deepen the reform of the social system and strengthen the construction of the public service system. Adjust the income distribution structure, balance the interests of different groups, and form an important institutional guarantee for stimulating consumer demand.
Currently, our country has entered a critical period of social transformation. The diversification of stakeholders, the normalization of interest conflicts and conflicts have become a social reality. Therefore, a "safety valve" mechanism should be established as an important public product to maintain social flexibility and maintain social order, and become an important measure for social governance reform during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. Its core is to establish a mechanism for balancing interests under market economy conditions, that is, on the basis of recognizing the differentiation of interests, and under the principle of fairness, through legal, policy and other means to build an effective platform for negotiation, communication and expression of opinions. ("Ban Yue Tan Internal Edition" Issue 10, 2010/Text by Chi Fulin, President of China (Hainan) Reform and Development Research Institute) (Source: "Ban Yue Tan")
Twelfth Five-Year Plan
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