American scientists have recently developed a highly efficient solar cell with a photoelectric conversion rate as high as 47.1. The relevant knowledge is as follows:
1. This new type of solar cell uses a Materials called perovskites have excellent photoelectric properties and stability. Perovskite is a mineral with a special crystal structure and its chemical formula is CaTiO3. In the field of solar cells, perovskites are used as light-absorbing layers that can effectively convert sunlight into electrical energy.
2. However, traditional perovskite solar cells have some problems, such as poor stability and low photoelectric conversion efficiency. In order to solve these problems, American scientists used a new type of perovskite material and optimized its design. They found that by changing the structural parameters of perovskite, its photoelectric conversion efficiency could be significantly improved.
3. Specifically, they replaced the titanium atoms in perovskite with tin atoms, forming a new material called perovskite tin. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of this material reaches an astonishing 47.1, which is much higher than the efficiency of traditional perovskite solar cells. In addition, perovskite tin also has good stability.
4. Under simulated sunlight, after long-term testing, its photoelectric conversion efficiency has almost no decrease. This means that perovskite tin solar cells are expected to become a reliable green energy solution in the future. It is worth mentioning that the preparation process of perovskite tin solar cells is relatively simple and low cost.
Related knowledge of photoelectric conversion
1. Photoelectric effect: The photoelectric effect means that light shines on the surface of a substance, causing the electrons on the surface of the substance to gain enough energy to leave the surface of the object and form an electric current. phenomenon. This phenomenon was discovered by German physicist Hertz in 1887. The photoelectric effect can be divided into three types: photoelectron emission, photoconductivity and photovoltaic.
2. Photocell: Photocell is a device that uses the photoelectric effect to convert light energy into electrical energy. It is made of semiconductor materials, commonly used ones are silicon, selenium and cadmium sulfide. When light shines on the surface of a photovoltaic cell, photons pass through the surface of the cell and interact with the electrons inside, causing the electrons to jump from the valence band to the conduction band, thereby forming an electric current.
3. Photoelectric conversion efficiency: Photoelectric conversion efficiency refers to the ratio of the electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic cell per unit time to the light energy illuminated by incident light on the surface of the photovoltaic cell under standard lighting conditions. It is one of the important indicators to evaluate the performance of photovoltaic cells. At present, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon has reached more than 23, and that of polycrystalline silicon has reached more than 18.
4. Influencing factors: Photoelectric conversion efficiency is affected by many factors, including light intensity, spectral distribution, temperature, pollutants, etc. Among them, light intensity and spectral distribution are the main factors affecting photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, temperature will also have an impact on photoelectric conversion efficiency. An increase in temperature will cause the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell to decrease, thus affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency.