The dust (red dust) raised by the noisy crowd is closed from all directions and fills the whole city. Dust and smoke clouds are connected.
The "world of mortals" in this section occurred at the time of "nine markets open and goods are separated by tunnels", which is a busy scene of sunrise and sunset.
Then the original meaning of the world of mortals refers to the dust raised after getting on the train and riding on the dirt road. Just at this time, the sun is red, and it also casts a layer of red on the flying dust, hence the name "Red Dust".
The word "world of mortals" became very popular as soon as it appeared, and it was used by many literati in poetry because of its romance or beauty.
For example:
Sunrise red dust
Fly to see the glory of Xia Guang. The heavy door is flat and open. The red dust shines on the green hub, and the sweat dyes the dragon media. (Zhang "There are chariots and horses at the door")
It was not until the third dawn that the world of mortals left the city with a standard. (Li Kuo's "Chicken Song")
Sunset barbecue
The world of mortals is endless, even riding a horse is rare. (Zhang's Luoyang Road)
The door is on the road, and the road is floating. If the sky does not fall, the world of mortals should be deeper. (Yu Wuling's "Dongmen Road")
Sword and red horse are full of red dust. At sunset, the bell rang and the neighbors were shaking. (Yang Jiong's Liu Sheng)
I know I have an uneven color and want to fall into the world of mortals during the day. (Li Yi's "Sparse Articles")
At first, the world of mortals was only related to sunlight, but it was not a city's patent. Rural areas and villages also have the world of mortals:
The frost shines on the sun, and the wind rides back and forth. The world of mortals meets at night, and the yellow sand is faint in Wan Li. (Xie Tiao's Prelude)
The scenery of Yanting is beautiful, and the spring trees in the suburbs are flat. ..... The sunset is red, and the cars and horses are chaotic. (Chen Ziang's "Three-day Qushui Banquet in Changshan Pool")
The world of mortals broke off the guest in Chang 'an, and the prince of Cao Fang did not return at dusk. (Wei Zhuang, "Spring Day")
The world of mortals related to sunshine corresponds to the busy scene in the morning and evening, giving people a sense of mediocrity, so it gradually increases the connotation of confusion and becomes synonymous with the world.
In some works, the world of mortals began to have both false and true meanings:
The wine is white at dusk, and the horse enters the world of mortals. (Meng Haoran, "Twelve Luoyang Roads in the Same Store")
Listen to the chicken comb white hair in the middle of the night and walk into the world of mortals in the morning. (Wang Jian's "Sending Mountain Friends after Joining the Army")
The world of mortals disturbs the western heaven, and my heart is lonely. (Yuan Zhen's "Reward Lotte")
Drive the horse to find the lane alone, and the old world of mortals sets in the sun. (Li Shen's "Re-entering the East Gate of Luoyang")
In the Tang Dynasty, with the prosperity of Buddhism in China, the "world of mortals" took on another meaning, that is, prosperous secularism.
For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jian's poem "Sending Friends in the Mountains after Joining the Army" said: "Listening to chickens combing their hair in the middle of the night, entering the world of mortals at dawn."
At this time, the world of mortals has been hailed as a bustling city.
In Buddhism, red symbolizes secular temptation and represents the pursuit of life and the desire for the world; Dust is dust and dirt.
For example, the fourth fold of Jin 'an Shou by Jia Ming wrote, "Going to Jiangque and Yaotai today is more important than the world of mortals."
In the Qing Dynasty, Fan wrote in "Rebuilding the Monument to Yuanjia Mountain": "He volunteered to wander the world of mortals and do good deeds.