In p>1944, the year before the end of World War II, the allied forces in the Pacific battlefield were on the verge of victory, and people were about to usher in the final victory over fascism. One of the largest and cruelest suicide attacks in the history of human war-Kamikaze special attack has begun. The fanatical Japanese fascists are not willing to be completely defeated, and they are determined to tie the Japanese people to their chariots and die with them-the so-called "national ruin", and organized a large number of Japanese youths to carry out special attack suicide attacks in the name of defending the country and being loyal to the emperor. This kind of suicide attack. All unjust wars are doomed to failure, and the militarists who organized and planned the "Kamikaze" special attack team will always be nailed to the shame column of history.
The formation of the concept of special attack
Soldiers sacrifice themselves everywhere on the battlefield. It is not a Japanese patent to fly an injured plane that cannot return to the enemy ship, and pilots all over the world have such examples. However, large-scale organized suicide attacks like Japan are really rare, ranging from soldiers to the highest rank lieutenant general, including the whole army (the air force belongs to the navy and army), and suicide weapons range from aircraft submarines to the world's largest battleship "Yamato". Kamikaze special forces are the product of Japan's backward military technology combined with its crazy militarism. They tried to exchange the soldiers' lives for victory, but failed to change the fate of Japanese imperialism.
On the first day of the Pacific War, that is, the attack on Pearl Harbor, Lieutenant Fusataro Bantian crashed his plane into the hangar of the US military airport. The first organized suicide attack occurred in the landing battle of Biak Island in May, 1944. Japan fought fiercely with the US military in order to regain its important position on the traffic line with Nanyang. On the 27th, the captain of the Army's 5th Flying Combat Team, Katsumi Takada, led four planes to crash into an approaching American ship and sank it. Japan informed the whole army of this move, which caused a shock inside and outside the army, and this action became the forerunner of the "Kamikaze" special attack tactics.
Rear Admiral Ma Zhengwen
In August p>1944, American troops captured Saipan, Tinian and Guam. In the face of the attack of superior American naval and air forces, some Japanese army and naval pilots spontaneously had the idea of suicide attacks. On September 12th, the pilot of the 31st fighter squadron of the Army in Negro Island decided to launch a suicide attack the next day. In the early morning of the next day, Lieutenant Qi Meng and a Cao Chang took off with two fighter planes loaded with 1KG bombs, ready to hit the American aircraft carrier, but they were shot down before they reached the target. In October, during the attack of the US Third Fleet on the Japanese base in Taiwan Province, more than 5 Japanese planes were shot down by US military planes, and the US military lost only 79 planes. Desperate Japanese pilots launched suicide attacks again. On October 15th, 49-year-old Rear Admiral Ma Zhengwen, the commander of the 26th Air Team, the former Minister of Education of the Aviation Headquarters, took off from Clark Base in the Philippines by a land attack, trying to hit an American aircraft carrier with his bomber, but he was shot down before flying over the American ship. < P > The idea of a truly comprehensive special attack was advocated by Lieutenant General Takijirō ōnishi. Takijirō ōnishi was the confidant of Isoroku Yamamoto, the former commander of the joint fleet, and also one of the core figures in the strategic attack on Pearl Harbor, and he was known as a "treasure" in the Japanese naval aviation community. On August 16th, 1945, after the Japanese surrendered unconditionally, he committed suicide by cutting his abdomen in the official residence of Shibuya Nanping Platform. According to the doctor's recollection of his last words and suicide note, it can be concluded that he was the main evil planner of this unprecedented suicide attack. His attendant, Ichiro Seiichiro, recalled that Lieutenant General Takijirō ōnishi, who was the head of the aviation headquarters on June 29th, 1943, first proposed the method of organizing volunteers to carry out suicide attacks. It is said that it is time to attack the enemy effectively with 1% death of pilots. In March, 1944, the Japanese Military Command specially and secretly formulated nine kinds of suicide weapons codenamed "Golden Objects" for special attacks. On October 8, 1944, Takijirō ōnishi presented a special attack plan to the military headquarters. On the 19th, Kamikaze Fudao team, led by Guan Hangnan, began to attack. On the 25th, the team succeeded in suicide attack, and a comprehensive special attack began. On January 18, 1945, Japan's Supreme Military Council decided that the whole army would start a suicide attack.
The number of people who directly participated in the suicide attack
The number of people killed in various arms
Navy
Air Force 2523
Underwater 544
Surface Force 181
A total of 4,98
Army
Air Force 1411
Surface Force 263. It also produces a large number of special kamikaze attack machines, namely MXY—-Sakura style. This kind of aircraft is easy to operate and consumes very little fuel. It is not so much an aircraft as a manned rocket launched from a distance. It is equipped with a ton of powerful bombs and is propelled by three solid fuel rocket engines, with a speed of up to 8 kilometers per hour and great power. Cherry blossoms are hung under the bomber as the mother machine, which transports them to the war zone. After discovering the target, the pilot left the mother machine in the air and glided for a certain distance. The pilot started the solid rocket engine and dived into the enemy ship at high speed. The nickname given to Sakura by the Americans was "stupid bomb". In May 1944, the captain of the 181 air separation unit, Lieutenant Masaichi Ota, first put forward the idea of Sakura suicide plane. In August, the wind tunnel test began, and the test flight was successful on October 23. The first equipment was the 721st Naval Air Force, which was called Shenlei Force. In addition, the Japanese also have suicide planes such as cherry bomb machine, orange machine and rattan machine. The Sakura Bomb Machine packs explosives in the first half of the fuselage of a heavy bomber, which can hold 3 tons of explosives and is very powerful. The orange machine is launched from the ground and equipped with two jet propellers. The maximum speed is 335 nautical miles per hour, and the flying distance at 6 meters is 3 nautical miles. It is equipped with a bomb weighing 8 kilograms or 12 kilograms. Rattan machine is a low-wing, single-engine single-seat special attack machine. At an altitude of 423 meters, it has a speed of 28 nautical miles per hour and a cruising range of 6 nautical miles, carrying a 5-kilogram bomb.
in addition to the kamikaze attack by plane, the Japanese also specialized warships and torpedoes. All kinds of special attack ships have different special attack performance. Jiaolong submarine, 26.15m long. The diameter is 2.4 meters, the displacement is 6.2 tons, the speed in the water is 16 nautical miles per hour, and the longest battery life can reach 125 hours. It can launch torpedoes and charge explosives to hit enemy ships. Hailong submarine, 7.28 meters long, 1.3 meters in diameter, with a displacement of 19.2 tons, has two torpedo tubes, and the head is filled with explosives. It can fire torpedoes and hit enemy ships. When the speed is 7.5 nautical miles, it can last for 12 hours.
Another dehumanizing underwater suicide weapon is a manned torpedo, which uses the torpedo structure, fills a lot of explosives in it, and uses people to control the submarine to collide with enemy ships. The length of the torpedo is about 3.4 meters, and its shape is basically similar to that of a normal torpedo, but its size is slightly larger and its structure is very simple. The whole mine body is divided into three parts: the front part is an explosive compartment filled with high explosives, plus a set of contact detonating devices, which are connected with the middle cockpit; At the back is the machine room, which is generally equipped with one main engine and one auxiliary engine. In the middle is the cockpit. Due to too much charge in the front cabin, the cockpit is very narrow, and only one person can sit curled up. The cabin is equipped with a steering wheel that can be used to operate the torpedo boat, a periscope to capture the target, and a few necessary instruments. After the returning crew entered the cockpit, the hatch was immediately watertight and could not be opened thereafter. Therefore, once the "returning to the sky" torpedo is launched, it can only go straight ahead and die with the target after finding it. The torpedo is actually a torpedo meat bomb loaded with people. On September 6, 1944, the experiment failed, and the designer of the experiment, Captain Heimu Sakaguchi, sank into the sea and suffocated alive, but the Japanese army used this suicide weapon recklessly.
There are also speedboats that shock the ocean, that is, speedboats that collide and explode, Frogmen who commit suicide by Fulong, etc. In March 1944, the Japanese Military Command secretly formulated nine kinds of suicide weapons for special attacks. In addition, the Japanese army also organized its last joint fleet, including the world's largest battleship "Yamato", to carry out suicide attacks.
Most members of Kamikaze special forces are dressed up for battle. Kamikaze flying special forces are wearing special combat suits and leather flying caps with a white "sweat belt" tied on them. For centuries, samurai fought hard with knives in both hands. In order to prevent sweat from flowing into their eyes and affecting the battle, samurai always tied a sweat belt on their foreheads. Although the form of combat has changed now, kamikaze special forces pilots still wear sweat belts to represent the samurai's spirit of fighting to the death. In addition, they wore scarves around their necks, sprinkled perfume on their bodies, and wore short Tatsu Yamashiro around their waists, all of which indicated their determination to be loyal to the emperor and serve him to the death. Many people also carry amulets prayed by the temple, or tie a special belt around their waist, which is made by their mothers or sisters standing on the corner of their hometown begging strangers to pass by, each with a stitch. Every stranger will say a blessing when sewing needles, so every needle on this belt represents a stranger's blessing. The belt is always sewn tightly and firmly, and although the needle and thread are uneven, there are few words of blessing: "I hope to work for the emperor." The reason why the Japanese army called the suicide attack "Kamikaze Special Attack Team" is said to come from the end of the 13th century, when Kublai Khan, the emperor of China Yuan Dynasty, sent expeditionary troops to Japan twice, both of which were wiped out by strong typhoons during the voyage, so Japan called these two strong typhoons that saved Japan "Kamikaze".
on October 17th, 1944, about 18, allied troops landed on an unknown Leyte Island in the south of the Philippines with lightning speed under the cover of 16 aircraft carriers, 6 battleships, 73 light and heavy cruisers and destroyers of the US Third Fleet.
the Philippines is the only place where the maritime communication line between Japan and Nanyang passes, and the Japanese base camp is determined to ensure the security of the Philippines at all costs. On October 18th, the 1st Mobile Unit, 2nd Fleet and 5th Fleet of the Japanese Navy * * * counted 4 aircraft carriers, 9 battleships, and more than 5 light and heavy cruisers and destroyers, and the battle clouds were shrouded in the ocean of 1, nautical miles north and south of the Philippines. The largest naval battle in the history of mankind is about to begin, and a bloody "Kamikaze" special attack will also be in this battle.
On October 17th, 1944, Lieutenant General Takijirō ōnishi, who had just assumed the post of commander of Japan's First Air Fleet, rushed to the Philippines in an attempt to save the fate of the Japanese Empire. At this time, there were less than 1 aircrafts that could be put into combat by the Air Force of the Fifth Base, and the performance of these aircrafts was extremely poor, and the poor pilot's driving skills reached an alarming level. Facing the crisis of Japan's total collapse, Daxi believed that "the only way to use our meager strength to the maximum efficiency is to organize attack force, which is made up of' Zero' fighters, and each aircraft carries 25 kilograms of explosives and dives into enemy aircraft carriers. Only in this way can it be possible to stop the sharp edge of the US military and save the crisis.
The purpose of his visit is to encourage people to launch suicide attacks. At this time, the commander on duty, Nakasuke Yujing, asked for permission to negotiate with the leader of the air squadron, because this kind of thing is really serious. He is convinced that most of his pilots will give themselves up when they hear about this plan. Later, he reported to his superiors: "They didn't say anything. However, their eyes eloquently tell people that they are willing to sacrifice for the empire. "
On October 2th, shortly after sunrise, Daxi summoned 24 members of Kamikaze Special Forces and delivered a speech to them: "Japan is facing a terrible crisis, and saving our country is beyond the power of those ministers, nor the commanders of the General Staff and its subordinate units and people like me. Now, such a responsibility will be borne by promising young people like you. " He finally said, "I ask you to do your best and wish you success." The recruitment of special attack team pilots is also being carried out at other military bases. At 6 o'clock in the evening on October 2, all the pilots gathered for a meeting. The commander said: "Everyone who volunteers to join the' Special Attack Team' must write his name and title on a piece of paper, and then put it in an envelope to seal it; If you don't want to be a volunteer, you can put a blank sheet of paper in the envelope. You now have three hours to consider. " At about 9 o'clock, an elderly navy sergeant driver collected the envelope and handed it to the headquarters. Only two of the 26 pilots handed in blank paper. In the middle of the night, the first "Kamikaze" special attack team was set up for the purpose of searching for the aircraft carrier, under the command of the newly married Guan Hangnan Dawei.
on October 21st, the kamikaze special attack team began to attack, but failed to find the American army for four days in a row. On October 25th, it attacked again, led by Captain Guan Hangnan, four teams, namely, Fushima Team, Yamato Team, Asahi Team and Sakura Team, accompanied by first-class flying soldier Cao Zhongye Panxiong, first-class flying soldier Cao Guchang, flying captain Yong Fengqi, and first-class flying soldier Dahei Fannan. Wakayama team ***7 "Kamikaze" special attack teams.
Guan Hang male, born in Xitiao City, Ehime Prefecture on August 29th, 1th, graduated from Naval School (No.7) on November 15th, 1941 (Showa 16th year), and served in the warship Fusang on November 15th, 1941. Shipborne bomber training began in August 1943. In January 1944 (Showa 19th year), Xiapu Naval Air Force became a coach, got married in May 1944, stationed in Taiwan Province base in September 1949, and joined the Kamikaze special attack team as the captain on October 19th, 1944.
At 1: 5 on the 25th, the sea in Wright Bay was silent. Suddenly, the sea was quiet. The lookout quickly sounded the alarm on the ship, and when the American fighter plane took off to intercept it, the Japanese plane climbed to thousands of feet at once. In a short time, I saw five "Zero Type" fighters appear from the sky and swooped down in the direction of the aircraft carrier formation. These five Japanese planes were the "Kamikaze" special attack team led by Guan Guan's male navy captain. One of them "