Decentralize the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements from the state to scientific research institutes, universities and other institutions to promote the speed and effectiveness of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Last September, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology and China National Intellectual Property Administration jointly issued the Notice on Deepening the Pilot Reform of the Use, Disposal and Revenue Management of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Central-level Institutions. In June of the same year, 5438+065438+ 10, 20 central-level institutions officially started the pilot.
This new policy of transforming scientific and technological achievements, known as the "three-power reform", has been implemented since 1 year. What is the effect? What are the difficulties that need to be solved further? A few days ago, at the seminar on "Reform of Three Powers of Scientific and Technological Achievements" sponsored by Shanghai Association for Science and Technology, co-hosted by Shanghai Institute of Electronics, Shanghai Institute of Advanced Studies of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Pharmacy of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the participating experts had a heated discussion on this.
Release amazing innovation vitality
"The pilot units and researchers have very high expectations and high enthusiasm for' decentralization'." Li Xiaoxuan, a researcher at the Institute of Science and Technology Policy and Management Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said. As an expert in evaluating this policy, Li Xiaoxuan has a comprehensive understanding of the "three powers decentralization" in the pilot year. When he visited relevant pilot units, he found that not only many scientists were discussing new policies, but also some university teachers and researchers in research institutes began to prepare to start companies with their own achievements. "It turns out that everyone is still worried, and now they are courageous."
With the enthusiasm of researchers, the pilot units have optimized the management mechanism and process of scientific and technological achievements transformation. Li Xiaoxuan said that all units have made a lot of efforts in seeking the matching of specific operation methods and policies. "Before the decentralization of the three powers, the process of reporting the results to the state was evaded in many ways, resulting in many gray areas. This kind of decentralization can be described as' opening the front door and blocking the back door', turning gray things white and bringing them into the track of institutionalization and standardization. "
According to Li Xiaoxuan, after the decentralization of the three powers, transformed scientific and technological achievements have mushroomed. Guan Shuhong, director of the Cooperation and Achievement Transformation Division of Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, China Academy of Sciences, cited a set of data as the best proof: during the five years from 20 10-20 14, the institute completed five transformation or patent transfer projects 15, with a total contract value of about 800 million yuan; In more than half a year since the reform pilot in June, 20 15, 1 1 projects have been transformed or patented, with a total contract value of more than 460 million yuan, and five other projects are undergoing transformation procedures, of which two projects have a total contract value of 230 million yuan, making the total contract value close to 700 million yuan.
The transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the six-month reform of Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, China Academy of Sciences has almost reached the sum of five years. Even considering the influence of the establishment of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Center and the promulgation of 22 related articles, we can still clearly show the amazing innovation vitality released by the "decentralization of three powers" of science and technology units from one side.
There are still problems to be solved.
Can "Decentralization of Three Powers" Radically Solve the Problem of Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in China? It doesn't seem enough. Li Xiaoxuan said frankly that in the pilot, the transformation problem that this policy is difficult to solve was also found. "The first is the assessment pressure of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets. Ownership has not been dispersed. Scientific and technological achievements are still state-owned assets and need to be evaluated for preservation and appreciation. This is contrary to the high risk of the transformation of results, which is not conducive to releasing enthusiasm. " He said, "In addition, there are conflicts between the existing policies and regulations and the transformation of achievements on issues such as the part-time remuneration or shares of scientific research personnel as leading cadres and whether to encourage units to run enterprises."
Another unreasonable problem is the tax problem of the transfer and transformation of achievements. "Some of our teams are funded by personal assets. I just finished funding, and I haven't got any income yet, because if the project is priced at 4 million, I need to pay 20%, that is, 800 thousand tax. This has dealt a great blow to the enthusiasm of researchers to transform scientific and technological achievements. " The person in charge of the Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said.
Li Xiaoxuan said that the rights related to the transformation of achievements have come step by step from completely state-owned units to partially decentralized units, and today it has been a great span. One of the reasons for the problem is that the ownership of China's achievements transformation has not been delegated. "The unit is state-owned, and the ownership of scientific and technological achievements is also in the hands of the state. Even if scientific and technological achievements are transformed, researchers will still find themselves working, not the boss. " Li Xiaoxuan said, "It can be solved by classified management: intangible intellectual property rights are separated from traditional state-owned assets and treated differently."