Breeding sites should be selected in places with ponds and pools, abundant insect sources and warm temperatures. Generally, waste ditches, ponds or puddles in front of and behind houses can be used, and paddy fields with convenient irrigation and drainage, sufficient water and good water conservation can also be used as farms. The farm should build a fence with a height of 1.5 meters, or use film or gauze as a fence, or use iron wires or hills to prevent toads from escaping. Plastic tulle should be used as a sluice at the entrance of rice fields to prevent tadpoles from escaping.
II. Introduction
In the case of a small amount of breeding, toad breeding mainly depends on catching. Most adult toads leave their hibernating caves in late March or early April and slowly climb out of the water. Toads like warm, dark and humid environment. During the day, they usually live in grass, holes in soil, or bricks and stones behind houses and other dark and humid places, which are generally not easy to be found. In rainy days or after rain, in the open space by the river or roadside, it is often easy to catch it.
In the spring ploughing season, there are many toads on the paths of rape fields, green manure fields and rice fields. At this time, a large number of toads can be caught. On a warm and calm night, it is the best time to catch toads. Every evening, from about 2 hours after dark to dawn the next day, toads come out to hunt insects and can catch toads at any time. At this time, the most toads are in the open space in front of and behind the house, especially in the middle of the night every night, and sometimes dozens to hundreds of pounds of toads can be caught in a few hours.
The catching method is to gently clamp the toad with a wide bamboo clip and put it in a bamboo basket or wooden box with a gap, not in a plastic bag closed container to prevent suffocation. If you catch it at night, you can use a flashlight with three batteries to illuminate the toad, so it won't run away easily. Because toads have short limbs, poor jumping ability and generally slow crawling speed, they are easy to catch as long as they are found. The ratio of male to female is generally 3 females 1 male. The fertilization rate can reach more than 90%. The stocking density is per square meter 1 ~ 2 pairs.
Third, feeding
Toads mainly feed on insects. Small insects include armyworms, ants, aphids, mosquitoes, bedbugs, scarabs, weevils, cutworms and beetles. Large insects, such as aphids and cicadas.
Artificial feeding can solve the feeding problem by trapping insects with black light or catching insects manually. In addition, cultivating algae and other plankton can also solve the main food of toads, and can also put pig, cow, human feces, vegetable leftovers, kitchen wastewater, waste from slaughterhouses and food factories, fertilizer water or bran into breeding and feeding farms to cultivate water quality and promote the growth of algae and plankton. You can also catch and salvage flies manually to satisfy their consumption.
Fourth, reproduction.
Every year from the end of February to March, when the water temperature is 1 1 ~ 15℃, Bufo gargarizans will mate and lay eggs. Toads who wake up from hibernation are generally concentrated on the shore of ponds or aquatic plants and floating objects at dusk. Males sometimes sing and sometimes move to find females, and females hear voices. Toads are very fertile, and an adult toad can lay 3-5 thousand eggs a year.
In artificial breeding, eggs should be collected in time, and the collected eggs should be put into the breeding pond or paddy field breeding base as soon as possible from the barrel to avoid suffocation due to long accumulation time. The laying density is generally 500 egg belts per mu, with an average of 2,600 eggs per belt, that is, about 1.3 million eggs per mu. Under the condition of water temperature 18 ~ 24℃, fertilized eggs can hatch into tadpoles after 3 days and nights. Just hatched tadpoles have tails and outer gills like fish.
After the tadpole opens its mouth, it can be mixed with cooked egg yolk, steamed bread residue and vegetable leaves. A month or so, tadpoles can be seen coming out from the hind legs first, and the forelimb buds are covered by gills, which is not obvious from the outside. After the hind legs are fully developed, forelimbs appear before the tail begins to contract, the inner gills of tadpoles gradually contract, the tail gradually shortens and disappears, and wart glands appear on the back, which is the abnormal young toad. Young toads feed on small insects, which are basically the same as adults.
Five, toad overwintering
The overwintering of toads is the key to artificial propagation of toads, and the survival rate of overwintering is directly related to the yield and benefit of raising toads. At present, people have explored a new method of artificial outdoor wintering pool for toads.
Choose a place with long sunshine time, good shelter from the wind and no water accumulation, dig a pool with a side length of 135 cm and a depth of 50 cm, and make a wooden frame with a side length of 130 cm and a height of 70 cm (bottomless and uncovered) with wooden boards. Put the wooden frame in the into the pit, and the bottom should not be too big, so that the accumulated water can seep through the gap.
A small room with a length of 139 cm and a width of 50 cm was built with wooden boards at a distance of 40 cm from the ground. The bottom layer is filled with a mixture of fallen leaves, straw and soil, the middle layer is filled with fallen leaves, the upper layer is covered with straw, and the lower layer is covered with soil. Finally, put wire shoes on the top of the pool and insert a thermometer into the pool.
In the natural environment, toads usually spend the winter in fields and ponds with rheumatism and sunshine. If the environment is uncomfortable, the wintering mortality rate is high. Artificial feeding, should do a good job in wintering protection.
Toad farms should be built near rivers and streams with water all the year round or around ponds, lakes and reservoirs. Ponds and paddy fields can also be transformed and utilized, and can also be farmed in the courtyard or stocked in the field. When choosing the location of toad farm, we must pay attention to the following questions:
(A) the surrounding environment
First, the natural environment is quiet, warm in winter and cool in summer;
Second, zooplankton and insect resources are abundant;
Third, ventilation and sunshine;
Fourth, adjacent waters;
Fifth, irrigation and drainage are convenient;
Sixth, there is no pollution source.
(2) Soil quality
Toad farms are best built on clayey soil, so there is no need to provide waterproof and leak-proof facilities for the built breeding ponds. For the soil with rapid water seepage, when building a culture pond, the bottom of the pond should be covered with thick plastic sheets and covered with 20-30 cm thick concrete. After tamping the concrete, put some loose soil on it. Leakage should be prevented around the pool wall.
(3) Water quality and irrigation and drainage conditions
1. The source water quality can be Jiang Hushui, well water, groundwater, reservoir water, mountain springs, streams and tap water. Well water, groundwater and tap water should be exposed to the sun for 3-4 days before being introduced into the culture pond. Water polluted by pesticides, fertilizers or other chemicals cannot be used to raise toads.
2. Irrigation and drainage conditions The water in the aquaculture pond should be easy to replace, irrigate and drain, and the water level should be freely controlled. It is required not to be waterlogged or flooded during heavy rain, and to supply water in time during drought.
(4) Electricity and transportation
Power supply should be guaranteed and transportation should be convenient.
(5) Toad farms with the size of the site generally have spawning ponds, juvenile toad ponds, adult toad ponds and corresponding activity places, as well as reservoirs, hatcheries, tadpole ponds, live bait farms and feed processing plants. But in family farming, it can be simplified because of its ugliness.
Bufo molting, also known as chantui, is a kind of cuticle membrane that naturally falls off during the growth and development of toad. There is no record in ancient and modern herbal literature, so it is confirmed as a newly discovered medicinal part of Bufo bufo gargarizans. Since cicada slough was discovered, it has been widely used as medicine in various places of the people, and it has been collected artificially. It can be used to treat various intractable diseases such as liver cancer, sarcoma, lung cancer and ascites. In clinic, malt is generally given to patients, which has achieved the effect of inhibiting tumors. Because of the small dosage, these drugs are generally in great demand in cancer hospitals.
Pure natural toad slough is a kind of epidermal coating that makes the skin of live toad fall off naturally after drying by using wild toad in nature.
It is understood that many drug books, such as Compendium of Materia Medica, China Pharmacopoeia, Processing Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine, are recorded. Modern research on cicada slough contains hundreds of compounds. Animal experiments show that it can treat malignant tumors. The anti-tumor effect of cicada slough on lewis lung cancer, H22 liver cancer and S 180 sarcoma is about 50% at high dose. Every kilogram of mice takes 16g cicada slough every day, and no toxic or side effects are found, suggesting that cicada slough has certain safety.
Toad leg is the cuticle of toad (that is, toad), which is a very thin and almost transparent skin. The shell of toad is the cuticle of toad, commonly known as "toad leg". Modern medical research is often used to treat tumors.