What are the basic methods of swimming pool water treatment?

(1) First, introduce the types and names of chemicals used in swimming pools. Disinfectant-chlorine is mainly used for disinfection. At present, the disinfectants used in China mainly include bleaching powder, sodium hypochlorite, liquid chlorine, chlorine-containing disinfectant (TCCA), trichloroisocyanuric acid, bromochlorine and so on. 2. Precipitating coagulants-mainly divided into alkaline coagulants and acidic coagulants. At present, coagulants used in China are: aluminum chloride, alum, aluminum sulfate and so on. 3. Drugs for adjusting pH-mainly drugs with high alkalinity and drugs with neutral alkalinity. There are mainly several kinds: limestone (alkaline), hydrochloric acid (acidic) and carding (PH neutral). (2) Briefly introduce the color and throwing energy of some commonly used drugs above, such as disinfectant 1 and bleaching powder-white powder. The main component is compound calcium salt, and its effective component is calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCL). When dissolved in water, it produces calcium oxide precipitation and hydrochloric acid, resulting in new ecological oxygen for sterilization, which has strong bactericidal power. Disadvantages are inconvenient storage and transportation, and there is residue in the pool water. 1000M3 water consumption is about 20-30kg bleaching powder. 2. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)-The liquid is yellow and contains 65,438+00-65,438+05% of available oxygen. When dissolved in water, hypochlorous acid (HOCL) is produced, which is chlorinated with strong locusts under the action of light to produce a new ecological sterilization with strong bactericidal ability. Its advantages are convenient use, no residue in pool water and lasting effect. Disadvantages are inconvenient storage and transportation and high cost. 1000M3 water consumption is about 40-50kg. 3. Chlorine-containing disinfectants are divided into powder and flake, almost all of which exist in water in the form of sodium hypochlorite. They are neutral molecules, which can spread to the surface of negatively charged bacteria and enter the interior of bacteria through the cell membrane, resulting in the destruction of the fragile system of bacteria under chlorination. Finally, the bacteria died. Its advantages are convenient storage, transportation, storage and use, good sterilization effect and high available chlorine content. The disadvantage is that the water quality is unclear and the precipitation bleaching effect is poor. The dosage is 1000M3, 2.2-2.5kg, but the first dosage is three days, and it is put every other day after two days, and the powder is doubled for the first time, and then it is put once a day. B, coagulant: 1, polyaluminum chloride-grayish yellow (powder), transparent (liquid), polyaluminum chloride is actually an aluminum oxide, because it is a mixture of aluminum chloride, its precipitation function is mainly aluminum hydroxide AL(OH)2 precipitation, which is a micelle that can wrap or attach impurities in water to its surface. The heavier the accumulation, the clearer the water will be. Its dosage is liquid 1000M3 water and solid 8- 10kg. Alum is a white solid. Alum actually belongs to aluminum coagulant, and its PH value is acidic. The action principle of alum in water is the same as that of aluminum chloride, and the dosage is about 20-25 kg/1000M3 of water. C, PH regulator 1, hydrochloric acid-hydrochloric acid is acidic in nature. Generally, when the PH value of the measured water is as high as 8.2, a proper amount of hydrochloric acid can be put in, and the dosage depends on the actual test. Experimental example: PH =8.2, 5- 10 kg/ 1000M3 water, and PH is basically 7.6-7.8, returning to the best status quo. (Hydrochloric acid is very corrosive, so it should be diluted evenly in a small barrel in dosing pump and automatically dosed. ) 2. Combing-The PH value of combing is neutral, which is generally high. If it is low, you can add a proper amount of combing agent to adjust it to normal, and the dosage is also obtained according to the actual test. (1000-1000M3 of water can be put into1000 m3 of carding powder 65438-1000 kg) D. Algae-dissolving copper sulfate-blue in color and small in odor, generally 0.5-in1000 m3 of water. (3) Frequency, dosage, sequence and operation flow of fresh water treatment for the above four drugs: 1. Disinfectant: use bleach to disinfect. When the swimming pool is in normal operation, put bleach once a day, and the dosage is 40-50kg per 1000M3 of water. The dosing method can be used to dilute bleach after sunset, and dosing pump dosing with automatic bleach. 2. Coagulant: When using polyaluminum chloride to purify water, you can refer to the turbidity standard of water quality (no more than 5 degrees or standing on a 25M-wide bank, you can clearly see lanes 4 and 5 with a depth of 2.5M at the bottom of the pool). If it does not meet this standard, polyaluminum chloride should be put. The dosage is 8- 1000 kg polyaluminum chloride per 1000M3 of water. The dosing method can be as follows: after the sun goes down, the polyaluminum chloride is diluted, automatically dosed with an automatic dosing pump, or evenly splashed on the water surface. It is best to stir the water for 30 minutes, and pay attention to the PH value of the water when using it. This method can first determine whether the PH value of water is normal. If the PH value of water is too low, first put it into a neutralizing medicine comb, the comb weight is 10- 15 kg, which is about 1000M3 of water. 3. Algicidal agent: copper sulfate is used, and the dosage is 0.5- 1 kg per 1000M3 of water. Note: Don't play it too many times. You can only play the flash once a month. (or use it when finding moss. ) 4. Summary: After introducing the chemical drugs commonly used in swimming pool water quality, the general situation of drug use is briefly summarized. (1) In swimming pools that are often open, disinfectant should be put on cloudy days or after sunset every day, and the dosage of bleach is 40-50kg per 1000M3 of water. When there are no guests swimming in spring, you can use disinfectant every other day, and the dosage can be slightly reduced, but you should pay attention to the appearance of moss. It is best to put copper sulfate once every two months, with the weight of 0.5- 1 kg copper sulfate 1000M3 water. (2) In a normally open swimming pool, attention should be paid to the maintenance of relevant equipment in the pump room and the operation process of handover equipment, and all equipment in the swimming pool and pump room should be regularly checked. (3) Water quality, PH value and residual chlorine should be tested several times a day. The standard residual chlorine of water quality (bound state = 1- 1.5, free state =0.3-0.5) is normal, and the most normal is PH value =7.6-8.0. However, the situation of residual chlorine is unstable. Different water temperatures and different weather have different indicators. The residual chlorine value is the highest in the morning and evening, reaching above 1.0, and the lowest at noon is around 0.2, which is normal.