In the era of knowledge economy, science and technology are developing rapidly, and their contribution to economy is increasing. The evaluation of enterprise's technological innovation ability is an important means for enterprises to grasp the essence and law of technological innovation, test their technological innovation ability in competition and summarize their innovation experience, which is of great practical significance for enterprises to formulate correct technological innovation strategies, improve their technological innovation ability and reduce innovation risks. On the basis of introducing the evaluation of technological innovation ability, this paper briefly analyzes the promoting function of the evaluation of technological innovation ability, and puts forward some measures and suggestions for improving the evaluation of technological innovation ability.
In order to survive in the fierce competition, enterprises must improve their technological innovation ability and enhance their competitiveness with technological innovation. In order to improve the technological innovation ability of enterprises, we must try our best to improve the technological innovation ability of enterprises, covering all aspects of enterprises. This requires enterprises to correctly understand the technological innovation ability of enterprises and establish scientific and complete evaluation indexes of technological innovation ability to study the technological advantages and disadvantages of enterprises.
1 Basic concepts of technological innovation capability and its evaluation
Bargelmm M.A Madiger believes that technological innovation capability is the sum of a series of characteristics of technological innovation in knowledge-based enterprises, including the ability to use innovative resources, understand the development of industries, understand the development of enterprises, understand the external and internal environment of enterprises, and manage enterprises.
D.C. Barton believes that human capital, technological innovation system, the ability of enterprise to manage technological innovation system and enterprise values are the core of enterprise's technological innovation ability.
Wang Weiqiang thinks that technological innovation ability is the combination of product innovation ability and process innovation ability, and it is the coupling of the two and the overall ability determined by them.
This paper holds that technological innovation ability is the coupling of product innovation ability and process innovation ability, and it is a systematic ability, aiming at realizing the innovation strategy of enterprises.
Jiang Wei (1995) thinks that the technological innovation ability of an enterprise consists of six abilities, namely, innovation decision-making ability, R&; D ability, production ability, marketing ability, financial ability and organizational ability.
Different scholars have different evaluation methods for technological innovation ability of enterprises, and different countries have different evaluation indicators. For example, Italy adopts three indicators: patents, technology trade and import and export volume; Japan adopts four indicators: patents, technology trade, export of technology-intensive products and total added value of manufacturing industry. China uses technical development funds, scientific research personnel, scientific research achievements, technology transfer, new product sales and new product exports as indicators of technological development. This is an index recognized by most scholars that can reflect the technological innovation ability of enterprises in China, and is used to evaluate the technological innovation ability of various regions.
There is relatively little research on the evaluation index of enterprise's technological innovation ability, and it is difficult to collect the relevant indicators of research enterprises. Yuan Deyu et al. (1994) demonstrated that different stages in the process of technological innovation require different technological innovation capabilities, so the evaluation system of technological innovation capabilities is also different. Robert J. Watts and Alan L. Porter (1997) predicted the prospect of technological innovation from three aspects: technology life cycle, innovation environment and product value chain, but this cannot be applied to the evaluation of technological innovation ability. Wang Weiqiang takes the combination of product innovation capability index and process innovation capability index, two subsystems of technological innovation capability, as the evaluation index of enterprise technological innovation capability, namely product development cycle, product development efficiency and comprehensive quality of goods. Prototype production cycle, mold production cycle, process preparation cycle.
Domestic scholars' evaluation and research on enterprise's technological innovation ability and technological innovation ability are not deep enough, and there are still gaps in some problems. First of all, the understanding of the elements of technological innovation ability is not clear enough, and the conclusions are quite different. Secondly, although we are aware of the important role of environment and time in technological innovation capability, they have not been included in the evaluation system of technological innovation capability, and there is a lack of future evaluation of technological innovation capability of enterprises and the influence of external environment; Finally, the evaluation index of technological innovation ability does not reflect the correlation between various elements, which makes the evaluation results have low practical significance. Therefore, it is necessary to further study and establish a perfect evaluation system of technological innovation ability.
2 the importance of technological innovation ability evaluation
Technological innovation ability can bring economic and social benefits to enterprises by improving their economic benefits, improving their management level and technological development ability. The essence of technological innovation ability evaluation is to evaluate whether the technological innovation of enterprises can benefit enterprises, sum up the experience of technological innovation in the past and improve the efficiency of technological innovation. The evaluation of technological innovation ability is a systematic evaluation of enterprise's technological innovation ability, an evaluation of enterprise's technological innovation ability potential, which provides a basis for enterprises to explore, discover and apply their technological innovation ability and is the foundation of enterprise's future technological innovation. The evaluation of digestion and absorption ability of technological innovation can draw the influence of technological transformation and technology introduction on technological innovation ability. Only when an enterprise improves its digestion and absorption ability can it be said that the technological innovation ability has been improved after technology introduction, otherwise knowledge has improved its production capacity. The analysis of enterprise's long-term technical demand is helpful to the cultivation of enterprise's independent innovation ability, that is, technological innovation ability. The evaluation of enterprise's innovation tendency reflects the enterprise's innovation spirit and culture. The stronger the innovation atmosphere, the greater the possibility of improving the enterprise's technological innovation ability. By studying the sustainability of enterprise R&D achievements, we can see the persistence of enterprise technological innovation; The analysis of independent innovation products can show the independent innovation ability of enterprises. The evaluation of enterprise marketing ability can show the level of enterprise market research, the understanding of consumer market and the suitability of marketing system. These factors are very important for enterprises to formulate correct technological innovation strategies and will greatly improve their technological innovation capabilities.
In the current era of integrated development of science and technology and economy, technology transfer between enterprises is becoming more and more frequent, whether between countries or within a country. Scientific evaluation of technological innovation ability has become an important way for enterprises to find disadvantages and make continuous progress, which has brought great benefits to enterprises and the country. At present, China's technology transfer is mainly based on technology introduction, and the ability of independent innovation is insufficient. There are many shortcomings in technological innovation strategy. Short-term technology introduction sometimes does not bring benefits, but causes losses to enterprises, which is unfavorable to the long-term development of our economy and enterprises. Secondly, a wide variety of technological innovations make enterprises not fully understand their own technological innovation capabilities and cannot correctly position themselves. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to evaluate the technological innovation ability of enterprises.