In the Chinese community, there is such a legend. The Soviets relied on their own strength to successfully establish an industrialized country. However, anyone who knows a little bit of basic common sense knows that any systematic thing must have a "master". Martial arts requires reliable martial arts guidance; painting requires reliable art teachers; industry also needs supporting engineering guidance. . We opened the dusty historical archives and watched the Soviets build their own industrial empire step by step. Where did the Soviet Union’s industrialization originate? Many people who don’t know the truth think that the Soviet Union was like China in the old era. "Nothing." However, industrial data tells us that Russia was by no means poor before World War I. On the contrary, Russia was one of the top five industrial powers in the world at that time. It is true that Russia could not compare with established powers such as Britain, France, and Germany. , let alone the emerging United States, but looking at the world, there are only a handful of countries that can stand shoulder to shoulder with Russia. Of course, World War I and the Civil War greatly damaged the Russian industry, but this is not the whole truth. Russia can achieve such achievements. Minister Stolypin has a direct relationship. During Stolypin's tenure as prime minister, he initiated far-sighted land reforms, hoping to promote Russia's economic and political stability by improving the legal status and economic conditions of farmers. Under the reforms during Prime Minister Ping's tenure, Russia's grain production increased, the new rich peasant class became the middle class, and the educated population increased. Russians believed that his greatness was still greater than Stalin's. The main purpose of Stolypin's land reform was land reform. Privatization transfers land from landlords or nobles to peasants. Under the former village communal system, peasants lacked enthusiasm for agricultural production because they did not produce on their own land and more than half of the fruits of their labor had to be transferred to others. Farmers can only be enthusiastic about production and willing to invest in land when they know for sure that the fruits of their labor will belong to them. Under the old land system, the distribution of labor fruits does not help reward diligence and punish laziness, because no matter laziness or hard work. Those who are willing to work will have the same distribution results. Competing with each other and offsetting enthusiasm will inevitably result in a decline in overall productivity and a decline in farmers' living standards. Russia needs farmers to become rich, because the country's well-being also depends on the prosperity of its citizens. "It should be noted that the prosperity of the people creates the prosperity of the country." Under the reforms during the administration of Prime Minister Nicholas II of the Russian Empire, the following achievements were achieved: Grain harvest increased by 30%. By 1913, Agricultural output value increased by 2%, ranking first in the world; Industrial output value increased by 5%, ranking first in the world; Population growth rate was 1.5%, ranking first in Europe; Gross national income was 16.4 billion rubles , the growth rate ranks fourth in the world; the gross national product is 6.521 billion rubles, the growth rate ranks fifth in the world. Although the Stolypin Statue in Kiev, most of these achievements were destroyed by World War I and the Civil War. However, industry can be destroyed, but the trained engineers and skilled workers remain; agriculture can be destroyed, but the production organization may not be able to achieve future achievements in Soviet Russia, and Stolypin’s investment from capitalism is indispensable. Lenin famously said: "The capitalists will sell us the rope with which to hang themselves." "This statement is perfectly suitable to describe the economic model of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s. The process of the Soviet Union introducing advanced technology and equipment and absorbing foreign investment in the 1920s and 1930s can be roughly divided into two stages, namely the period of national economic recovery (1921 -1926) and the period of technological transformation of industry and the national economy (1927-1937). Of course, the Soviets would certainly not publicize this openly. After the end of the civil war in 1921, the Soviet party and government implemented a strategic shift in the focus of work. During the transition from wartime communism to the New Economic Policy, one of the important contents was the implementation of the policy of opening up the foreign economy and strengthening economic ties with capitalist countries. During this period, the main focus was on absorbing foreign investment and introducing advanced technology and equipment. The concession system, Soviet-foreign joint ventures, international loans and the recruitment of foreign technical personnel were adopted. The resolution of the 10th Congress of the Soviet Union pointed out: "The concession system itself is a socialist revolution and the country is more industrially developed than other countries." A form of economic contract between capitalist countries. "In November 1920, the Soviet Union promulgated a concession system decree. From 1921 to 1926, the Soviet Union signed 144 concession contracts with capitalists, and one year later the number of concession enterprises reached 73.
As of 1927, the Soviet Communist Party had received 16.11 million rubles from concession enterprises. Through the concession system, the Soviet Union succeeded in obtaining a considerable amount of income. Therefore, it was possible to introduce a large number of equipment, technology, and talents from Western society in 1927. Perhaps God favored the fact that the capitalist world was experiencing a financial crisis that was once in a century just at this time. Overheating of production has caused a large number of employees to lose their jobs, and a large amount of equipment has been abandoned because there is no profit. The Soviet Union cleverly seized this opportunity and purchased these surplus products and talents in large quantities. The Great Depression will not starve Americans to death, but it will make them unemployed. In 1929, the Central Bureau of Foreign Consultation was established under the Supreme Council of National Economics of the Soviet Union, which was responsible for leading the introduction and utilization of foreign technological power. By the end of 1929, the Soviet Union had signed more than 70 technical assistance and consulting agreements with foreign countries, involving many important economic sectors such as machinery, metallurgy, petrochemicals, and transportation. By the beginning of 1931, the number of projects the Soviet Union had received technical assistance had increased to 124, with a total investment value of 83 million rubles. The Great Depression was a nightmare for the West, but a blessing for the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was extremely fanatical about importing equipment. According to export reports, the Soviets purchased more industrial equipment than any other in the world. Some equipment was even "wrapped" by the Soviets. From 1928 to 1931, the Soviets purchased 67.1% of Western cutting machine tools, 52.6% of turbines, and 69% of tractors. These equipment played a crucial role in the Soviet industrialization stage. It plays an important role. As we all know, power generation is an important indicator of industry. Western-imported generators account for 89% of Soviet engines. In addition, steam power machines also account for 87% of Soviet power machines. Perhaps the Soviets are proud of their own construction. Forget that the entire production line comes from the West. It is worth mentioning that the military industry that the Soviets and Soviet fans are proud of has also been "started" by foreign capital. The Soviet Union also competed with the United States and Britain in military industrial sectors such as aircraft, warships, and submarines. , companies from Germany, Italy and other countries signed technical assistance agreements. For example, since the early 1930s, more than 20 companies in the United States have provided designs, equipment, patents or sent engineers to the Soviet Union to help the Soviet Union manufacture aircraft engines, bombers, fighter jets and commercial products. Transport aircraft made the aviation industry, which was originally a blank slate, jump to the forefront of the world in the early 1940s. The Soviet army's military construction was largely completed in cooperation with the West. It is worth mentioning that the two major enemies in the future - Germany and the United States. At this time, the Soviet Union was the largest investor. During the first Five-Year Plan, a large number of modern key enterprises established by the Soviet Union were almost all completed with the help of the West. The three major steel plants in the Soviet Union were Magnitogor. The Skopje Steel Plant, the Kuznetsk Steel Plant and the Zaporozhye Steel Plant were all built with the assistance of the United States and the United States. The three major automobile plants in the Soviet Union were updated with Western equipment with the help of Western experts. Most of the four major tractor factories were built with the help of Germany and other countries. The famous Stalingrad tractor factory was built with the help of nearly 80 factories in the United States, including the Dnieper Power Station, the largest power station in the 1930s. Large power stations were built with the help of equipment provided by Britain, Germany and the United States. Stalin praised this: "About two-thirds of the large industrial enterprises in the Soviet Union were built or assisted by the United States." "No one expected that the earliest masters would become later enemies. However, capitalists are not philanthropists. Their efforts also need to be rewarded. This price has brought the Soviet Union an eternal infamy and added many variables to today's situation in Eastern Europe. At what cost? So heavy? We will find out next time!