Demisone
English name: Dexamethasone
Synonyms: Flumethasone, Demisone, atopalm, Delongni, Dexamethasone, Dexamethasone, Flumethylprednisolone, etc.
Chemical name: (1 1β, 16α)-9- fluoro-1,17,21-trihydroxy-/kloc-0.
Manufacturing patent: U.S. patent 3,007,923 (1961,Laboratory. France. Chimio, the others. )，GerPat 1， 1 13，690 ( 196 1)。 Co.), British patent 869,511(to Upjohn).
Dexamethasone was synthesized by Arth and Oliveto in 1958, Merck &; The company produces dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Up to now, the number of dexamethasone derivatives on the market has exceeded 12.
The chemical structure of dexamethasone is that fluorine atom is introduced into the 9α position of prednisolone B ring and methyl group is introduced into the 16α position of D ring; 9α fluoride and 16α methyl significantly enhanced its anti-inflammatory activity, while 16α methyl significantly reduced the side effects of dexamethasone in water and sodium retention. The clinical bioequivalent dose ratio of dexamethasone to prednisolone is 0.75:5, and the biological half-life is 36-54 hours, which belongs to long-acting glucocorticoid.
Dexamethasone, like other glucocorticoids, has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxin, immunosuppression, anti-shock and stress response, so it is widely used in various departments to treat many diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, allergies, inflammation, asthma, dermatology and ophthalmology. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection is an indispensable first-aid medicine to save dying patients. In recent ten years, clinicians have used dexamethasone sodium phosphate to treat and prevent drug allergy caused by various Chinese and western medicines and to treat fever caused by viral cold, so that the clinical dosage of dexamethasone has increased year by year. So far, China has become the largest dexamethasone market in the world.
Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, have no obvious adverse reactions in the application of physiological dose replacement therapy, and most of the adverse reactions occur in the application of pharmacological dose, which is closely related to the course of treatment, dose, drug type, usage and route of administration. The common adverse reactions are as follows: 1. Long-term use can cause the following side effects: face and posture, weight gain, edema of lower limbs, purple stripes, bleeding tendency, poor wound healing, acne, menstrual disorder, ischemic necrosis of humerus or femoral head, osteoporosis and fractures (including vertebral compression fractures and pathological fractures of long bones), muscle weakness, muscular atrophy and hypokalemia. Pancreatitis, peptic ulcer or perforation, growth inhibition in children, glaucoma, cataract, benign intracranial hypertension syndrome, abnormal glucose tolerance and aggravation of diabetes. 2. Patients may have mental symptoms: euphoria, excitement, delirium, anxiety, disorientation or inhibition. Mental symptoms include people who are prone to chronic wasting diseases and people who have mental disorders in the past. 3. Infection is the main adverse reaction of adrenocortical hormone. Mainly fungi, tuberculosis, staphylococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and various herpes viruses. 4. Glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome. Sometimes patients have dizziness, fainting tendency, abdominal pain or backache, low fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, muscle or joint pain, headache, fatigue and weakness after stopping taking the drug. If careful examination can rule out adrenal hypofunction and recurrence of primary disease, it can be considered as glucocorticoid dependence syndrome.
Glucocorticoid dexamethasone, commonly known as "skin opium", is a banned ingredient in cosmetics. When consumers use cosmetics containing dexamethasone, their skin will feel obviously better at first, but long-term use will not only lead to dependence, but also lead to dermatitis and even various diseases.
Chinese name: Dexamethasone
Short for Pinyin: DSMS
English name: Dexamethasone
Industry: ACTH and ACTH drugs
This medicine belongs to hormones, which has something to do with delaying menstruation.