The Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements clearly points out that the transformation of scientific and technological achievements refers to the subsequent testing, development, application and popularization of scientific and technological achievements with practical value produced by scientific research and technological development in order to improve the productivity level until new products, new processes and new materials are formed. Therefore, it can also be said that the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is a process of transforming the achievements of agricultural scientific and technological activities into real productive forces and promoting the commercialization and industrialization of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.
The transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements must consider natural factors such as soil fertility, moisture, light and heat, and be implemented in combination with farming, fertilization and plant protection, so as to play an effective role. At the same time, the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is oriented to farmers, so compared with other types of scientific and technological achievements transformation, agricultural scientific and technological achievements transformation has certain characteristics. 1 Transformation process of agricultural scientific and technological achievements
The production and transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements generally need to go through four stages: principle conception, experimental research, pilot or regional test and popularization and application. First, the principle conception stage, that is, putting forward new ideas, methods, technical routes or design schemes according to practical purposes; The second is the experimental research stage, that is, experimental research is carried out according to the new concept, with the aim of developing new formulas, new processes, new varieties or new cultivation management technologies; The third is the pilot or regional trial stage, that is, on the basis of experimental research results, amplification, perfection, finalization, integration and standardization are carried out, variety standards are formulated, pilot products are put on the market, and feedback from the market or relevant departments is accepted for further improvement and perfection; Four, the popularization and application stage, that is, the formation of products (new formula, new technology, new varieties, etc.). ) can enter the market smoothly, and build new production lines or popularize and apply new technologies, and finally realize the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. The above four stages are isomorphic to form the transformation chain of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. Problems in any of these links will hinder its smooth transformation. 2. Characteristics of transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements 2. 1 Agricultural scientific and technological achievements have remarkable social benefits
Due to the particularity of agricultural production activities, there are a large number of non-materialized technical achievements, service achievements and basic theoretical achievements in agricultural scientific and technological achievements, and most of these achievements produce social benefits when used. Many countries in the world subsidize agricultural R&D projects in various forms, and the WTO also has corresponding regulations to allow support. 2.2 The transformation period of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is long.
Agricultural production itself has the characteristics of long investment cycle and low return. Similarly, the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is also a long-term process, which generally needs to go through four stages from principle conception to popularization and application. The seasonality of crop production also determines the long time span of agricultural scientific research activities. For example, perennial fruit trees sometimes only need four years to enter the fruiting period. Practice at home and abroad has proved that it takes several years, more than ten years or even longer from the emergence of an agricultural scientific and technological innovation idea to the acquisition of scientific and technological achievements, and then to the popularization and application in agricultural production.