An article explains all the problems of 4G clearly.
One question: What is 4G? Why did the circle cheer as if Taiwan Province Province had quit?
A: The so-called 4G is the fourth generation of mobile communication and its technology, and it is an upgraded version of the familiar 2G and 3G.
The maximum data transmission rate of 4G exceeds1000 mbit/s, which is 10000 times that of mobile phones and 50 times that of 3G mobile phones. In the 2G era, we tried some low-speed mobile Internet services by making phone calls and sending text messages. The increase in network speed in the 3G era has also led to the rise of smart phones. Now that 4G is coming, applications that require higher network speed and better experience will become the new favorite of users.
Figuratively speaking, 2G is the country road for people, 3G is the cement road for cars, and 4G is the asphalt national road for high speed.
As for why the industry is looking around, it is very simple-China has been slow to issue licenses, the investment policy is unclear, and operators, equipment manufacturers and terminal manufacturers dare not invest on a large scale easily. Now the dust has finally settled. As for why Wang Er's 60-year-old mother next door is excited, she must have bought stocks or simply been fooled.
The second question: What are the so-called standards and licenses for 4G?
A: As an upgraded version of mobile communication technology, 4G certainly has more than one direction. Just like going from Shanghai to Beijing, you can fly, take the high-speed train, and bypass Tianjin by boat. The key is which way is the most suitable-not the best, but the most suitable.
At present, there are five 4G standards, namely LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced(LTE Upgrade), WiMax (Global Microwave Access), Wireless MAN(WiMax Upgrade) and HSPA+ (Enhanced High Speed Packet Access Technology).
These five standards have been applied in different countries, different stages and different fields, and the specific reasons for the evolution and development of technological upgrading are quite complicated. As long as you know, in October 2012,65438+10, the International Telecommunication Union chose the second and fourth standards (both upgraded versions), and China chose TDD in the LTE-Advanced standard (using a frequency band, receiving and sending information cannot be completed at the same time).
Among them, mobile mainly does TDD, while Unicom prefers FDD, but the two are only different in communication mode. Most chips and devices are ready for multimode compatibility, and the actual difference is not big.
Nowadays, the licenses issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are all TDD(TD-LTE), but both China Telecom and China Unicom have indicated that they will adopt the integrated networking mode of TD-LTE and LTE-FDD this year. Therefore, China Telecom Unicom may rent mobile base stations early, but it will definitely develop itself and take the road of integration later.
It is worth noting that the TD-LTE standard promoted by mobile has independent property rights and has been internationally recognized.
As for the license, it is the license right of 4 G. Just like the licenses of various industries, 4G business can only be operated with the permission of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Three questions: Why does 4G make mobile laugh and Unicom Telecom bitter gourd face?
A: Simply put, China Mobile lags behind China Unicom and China Telecom in the 3G era, and then the trend of 4G has come out, so we laid out 4G on a large scale ahead of schedule and began to reap the fruits today.
Therefore, the issuance of the license gives China Mobile an opportunity to make up for the weakness of 3G-China Mobile is obviously faster than China Unicom and China Telecom in the trial network and commercial city construction. In fact, China Mobile has invested 401700 million yuan to build about 200,000 TD-LTE base stations this year, and plans to expand the coverage of TD-LTE to more than 300 cities. Yes, China Mobile has taken the lead in selling 4G mobile phones and launching 4G packages in many places.
In addition, before the issuance of the 4G license, China Mobile took the lead in announcing the 4G business brand "He", and adopted more friendly lines, layout and colors in the logo design. Although some insiders commented that "Harmony" brand has no obvious recognition, China Mobile is much more determined to promote this brand than "G3" brand.
Moreover, China Unicom and China Telecom have invested heavily in 3G networks in recent two or three years, so they don't have much incentive to carry out 4G networks. Of course, this window period will not last long. Unicom and Telecom will not sit still.
Four questions: How about the development of foreign 4G?
A: First of all, from about 20 1 1, the mainstream of foreign countries has begun to evolve from 3G to 4G. Of course, it is also a partial promotion, and the standard selection is also varied.
Taking the United States as an example, Verizon, the largest mobile operator, chose LTE, with hundreds of cities, and later began to evolve to LTE-Advanced; At & amp； the second largest mobile operator; T adopt HSPA+ and LTE technology to keep synchronization; Sprint, the third place, put a lot of pressure on WiMax, but later began to lay out the dual strategy of LTE. Europe and America are similar, WiMax and LTE are two network standards.
The fastest in the world is Korea. Since 20 1 1, South Korea's three major telecom operators SKT, KT and LGU+ have begun to deploy LTE 4G networks (they are all three operators, and their industries have been rapidly upgraded due to competition, China ...). After two years of development, the LTE penetration rate in South Korea has now reached 5 1%, ranking first in the world. In fact, the development of South Korea's 4G has also greatly promoted Samsung and LG mobile phones.
The situation of Japan's 4G is similar to that of South Korea, and it is also very leading. Among them, Softbank, which has a "good relationship" with China, is one of the few operators in developed countries to adopt the TD-LTE standard introduced by China. Although the development of Japan's 4G has not changed the pattern of operators, it has achieved an extremely prosperous mobile Internet market, from which operators have benefited a lot.
Five questions: Which companies benefit from 4G?
A: As mentioned above, operators are the first beneficiaries of 4G, after all, they are the main promoters.
The second is that the entire industrial chain will benefit from upgrading. First sort out the 4G industry chain:
Upstream: RF device manufacturers and test manufacturers;
Midstream: major equipment manufacturers, transmission supporting manufacturers, excellent network maintenance network manufacturers, wireless terminal antenna manufacturers;
Downstream: operators, CP/SP providers, mobile terminal suppliers (mobile phone manufacturers), telecom design and planning companies;
Last tour (added by myself): mainly games, videos, music and new mobile application companies.
There is a lot of analysis in this part. Many domestic brokers have given various beneficiary stocks. In fact, some 4G concept stocks have started to rise, but different companies have different favorable degrees and stages, so everyone should be cautious.
In addition, it is inseparable from patent manufacturers. The monopolist of global 4G patents is still Qualcomm, which is simply a technology patent company; Then Nokia, LG, Motorola, Samsung and so on.
Generally speaking, the deployment of mobile communication networks can directly and indirectly stimulate economic growth and create employment opportunities, which is inevitable. Take 3G development as an example. In the first three years (2008~20 1 1), the development of 3G in China directly led to investment of 455.6 billion yuan, and indirectly led to investment of 2.23 trillion yuan. Directly driving terminal business consumption of 355.8 billion yuan, indirectly driving social consumption of 303.3 billion yuan; It directly boosted GDP growth by 2 1 1 billion yuan, and indirectly boosted GDP growth by 744 billion yuan. At the same time, the development of 3G has also increased social employment opportunities, directly leading to an increase of 1.23 million jobs in three years, and indirectly leading to an increase of 2.66 million jobs.
Six questions: 4G is so good, are we going to enter the 4G era from now on and will be able to hit the plane soon?
A: You can understand it this way. Be a mouse first. Many cities can already upgrade, provided that you buy a mobile phone that supports 4G first.
1, mobile phone. In September this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the first batch of 4G mobile phone network access licenses in China. Four TD-LTE mobile phones with network access licenses are from Samsung, Sony, ZTE and Huawei. The mobile phone models are Samsung GT-N7 108D, Sony M35T, ZTE U98 15 and Huawei D2-6070. Since then, other manufacturers have also released mobile phones supporting TD-LTE networks. At present, there are about 20 models on the market-the future thousand yuan 4G mobile phone is still very possible.
2. Popularization. On the other hand, it certainly takes time for new technologies to mature, and it also takes time for large-scale popularization. In view of China's vast territory, rich resources and obvious population differentiation. In the future, 2G, 3G and 4G networks will coexist and develop for a long time, and the development progress of different regions and cities will definitely be different.
According to the plan, before the end of this year, China Mobile can provide 4G services to users in Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Qingdao, Nanjing, Wenzhou, Xiamen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenyang, Chengdu and Fuzhou 13 cities. By the middle of next year, it is estimated that there will be 100 cities with 4G commercial conditions; By the end of next year, users in more than 340 cities will be able to enjoy China Mobile's 4G service.
3. Internet speed. At present, tests show that the speed of 4G in most cities can be maintained at around 60-80Mbps, which is higher than the measured speed of 4Mbps in the same place and far higher than the speed of 50kbps in 2G networks (of course, it is only a test). At least, it should be no problem to masturbate while playing WeChat.
4. tariffs. Unfortunately, judging from the huge investment in the early stage of 4G network construction, it is unrealistic for the package price to drop sharply. Well, the price/performance ratio is better than 3G (especially mobile 3G).
Seven questions: Will 4G be eliminated soon? When will 5G arrive?
A: From the current development trend, 4G should be regarded as a relatively mature product, and it is unlikely to be eliminated in a short time. Think Microsoft XP.
The full name of 3C certification is "Compulsory Product Certification System", which is a product conformity assessment system implemented by China government in accordance with laws and regulations to protect consumers' personal safety and national security and strengthen product quality management. The so-called 3C certification is the compulsory product certification system in China. The English name is China mandatory Certification and the English abbreviation is CCC.
CCC certification mark compulsory certification mark