It is a hollow thermal insulation building square made of shale as the main body, coal gangue added and cement as the bonding substance, which is called shale hollow brick.
Sintered hollow brick
Sintered hollow brick, referred to as porous brick for short, refers to the brick with vertical holes (the hole rate is not less than 25%, the hole size is small and the number is large) made of shale, coal gangue or fly ash as the main raw materials. Its overall dimensions are: length 290,240, 190mm, width 240, 190, 180, 175, 140, 150 mm and height. The strip holes are separated by ribs, and the strip holes are parallel to the big surface and the strip surface, with an outer wall in the middle. Two openings of the strip-shaped hole are respectively located on two top surfaces, a plurality of side row holes with smaller aperture are respectively opened between the strip-shaped hole and the strip-shaped surface, and ribs are arranged between the side row holes and their adjacent side row holes or adjacent strip-shaped holes.
structural clay tile
A clay hollow brick has a strip-shaped through hole running through the whole brick thickness between the upper and lower end faces of a rectangular brick body. The strip-shaped through holes are arranged along the length direction of the rectangular brick body and located in the middle of the width direction of the rectangular brick body. A group of oblique through holes are respectively arranged between the two ends of the elongated through hole and the four corners of the rectangular brick body, and the oblique through holes run through the whole brick thickness. The edges of the front, back, left and right end faces of the rectangular brick body are all provided with clamping grooves and colored glaze layers. The utility model has novel and reasonable design, high overall strength, large stress area, convenient manufacture and good social and economic benefits.
Baking-free hollow brick
A kind of hollow brick directly pressed by a machine, whose specifications are similar to those of ordinary hollow bricks.
Glass hollow brick
1. Brief introduction of hollow glass brick, English name is glass block. , is a non-load-bearing decorative material that has only become popular in China in recent years.
Literally, a hollow glass brick is hollow first, followed by glass products. Hollow glass brick is made of two semi-finished products welded at high temperature. Because there is a closed cavity in the middle and there is a slight negative pressure, it has the characteristics of light transmission, light opacity, sound insulation, low thermal conductivity, high strength, corrosion resistance, heat preservation and moisture insulation. 2. Composition and characteristics The chemical composition of hollow glass brick is silicate inorganic minerals such as high-grade glass sand, soda ash and quartz powder.
3. A brief history of development
Glass brick was invented by 1929 and pressed with high temperature resistant glass. Corning-Sternberg Glass Brick and Owens-Illinois Glass Brick, which are composed of two semi-finished products, became the predecessor of a patent of pilkington Brothers Co., Ltd. in St. hellens, England. Today, the production of glass bricks is still based on this principle. The industrial production of glass brick began in 1933. Hollow glass brick has become a popular building and decoration material in the world, and it has become the new favorite of people's home decoration all over the world.
Glass brick is a noble and elegant building decoration material, which was successfully trial-produced in China in 1959. Due to historical reasons, this building material has not been officially produced and popularized in China before 1990. 1993 to 10, Anshan glass factory introduced the first hollow glass brick production line from the former Bodin company in West Germany. At that time, seven production lines were built in a few years, with an annual output of more than 20 million pieces. Later, the market competition became more and more fierce, coupled with insufficient promotion of the industry, and the survival of the fittest, few manufacturers could talk about normal operation, with an annual output of less than100000 pieces, the cutting quality was mixed, and the construction technology of various construction units also had great problems, which greatly reduced the image of hollow glass bricks.
Nowadays, from public buildings to civil buildings to home improvement, the application of glass bricks is more and more extensive, such as the Water Cube National Swimming Pool, the United Nations Pavilion of the World Expo, Shanghai Oriental Sports Center and other well-known projects, all of which use hollow glass bricks. At the same time, some new designers also began to try western style, boldly using hollow glass tiles, so that hollow glass tiles can really enter home decoration.
4. There are two production methods in the production process, namely welding method and bonding method.
1. The welding production process is as follows:
Mixing raw materials → melting → shearing → pressing semi-finished products → welding → annealing → inspection → painting → packaging.
2. Bonding method
The side walls of two concave glass half bricks are embedded in the grooves of a thermoplastic ring with an H-shaped cross section. Under the action of temperature and extrusion, the sealing material softens the surface of the molded part, and then the two concave glass half bricks are firmly bonded together to form an integral hollow glass brick.
Compared with welding method, bonding method has the advantages of low cost and accurate size, but its strength is round and lower than that of welding method.
5. Scope of application The decorative effect of hollow glass brick is noble, elegant and gorgeous. Mainly used in banks, offices, hospitals, schools, hotels, airports, stations, landscapes, screens, civil buildings, indoor partitions, stages, sanatoriums, stations, airports, gymnasiums, playgrounds, apartments, private mail and other rooms and pavilions that need beautification. It is a new decorative material popular in the international market today. Water Cube National Swimming Pool, United Nations Pavilion of Shanghai World Expo, Shanghai Oriental Sports Center, Shanghai Radio and TV University, Dezhou Station of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, Beijing Political Consultative Conference Building, Tianjin Evening News Building, Shandong Satellite TV Building, Jinan Airport, Shenzhen Gymnasium and other famous buildings all use hollow glass bricks.
6. General specifications
The specifications of hollow glass brick are mainly described from the aspects of shape, size, color and texture. The most common shape of glass brick is square. The most common length and width of glass brick is190 *190 * 80mm/95mm, and the sales of145 *145 * 80mm/95mm in China are also very good. Others include 240*240*80mm, 240* 1 15*80mm and special-shaped bricks, such as 190*90*80mm. For foreign markets, manufacturers will also produce British bricks.
In terms of color, because of the differences in production process and technology, the products of different manufacturers have different colors, but generally speaking, there are five color systems: blue, green, pink, brown and gray. On the basis of these colors, some lighter colors will be derived or other colors will be added to fuse into another new color.
In addition, manufacturers will also develop and produce glass bricks of other colors according to customers' requirements. Because some customers have special needs, according to the requirements of these customers, the deep processing of hollow glass bricks has also begun to flourish in recent years, and some manufacturers focusing on deep processing have emerged. Deep processing is mainly divided into internal colored bricks, artistic bricks, special-shaped bricks and equipment bricks. Using special treatment in special environment, the effect is unparalleled.
7. Main performance Hollow glass brick is a new member of the glass family. It not only keeps the original characteristics of glass, but also integrates new functions in building construction such as structural blocks, and has strong decorative function because of its different specifications, patterns and colors. Because there is a sealed cavity in the hollow glass brick, it has excellent properties such as sound insulation, heat insulation, light control, fire prevention, dust infiltration reduction and dew prevention.
(1) Environmental protection. Glass brick belongs to soda-lime silicate glass system, which is a transparent material made of silicate inorganic mineral raw materials such as quartz sand (sio2 _ 2), soda ash (Na2CO3) and limestone. It is a veritable green environmental protection product. Unlike paint, it contains harmful substances such as alcohol, benzene and ether. Unlike some ceramic stones, they contain radioactive substances such as radon and gamma rays. Reasonable design has no light pollution, but also can weaken the light pollution caused by other substances and adjust the layout of light. Non-toxic, harmless, pollution-free, odor-free, non-irritating, insect-proof, harmless to human body, and can be completely recycled after remanufacturing. The construction is simple and without danger. As soon as the construction is started, the two walls will light up immediately, which is labor-saving and money-saving. It is your ideal home decoration material.
(2) Thermal insulation performance. The high thermal insulation of hollow glass brick is an important reason for its rapid popularization and application. Maintaining the thermal balance between the human body and the surrounding environment is an important condition for human health and comfort. This balance depends on the comprehensive action of many factors, some of which belong to environmental factors, such as temperature, radiation, temperature and airflow. In a comfortable environment, people are energetic, cheerful, responsive and efficient. In traditional buildings, windows are the weakest link to maintain indoor temperature balance. The hot sunshine in summer often radiates heat to the room through the glass window, and the outdoor window shading darkens the indoor light, so the use of lighting undoubtedly increases the indoor heat source and wastes energy. The use of hollow glass brick alleviates these contradictions. Through the diffuse scattering of the hollow glass brick and the internal negative pressure cavity, under the intense sunlight in summer, enough light can be obtained indoors to alleviate the unnecessary temperature rise. In winter, windows are the weakest link of indoor thermal insulation. The thermal insulation performance of ordinary windows is very poor, and the heat loss through conduction and infiltration is great. Undoubtedly, this greatly increases the workload of heating equipment and wastes energy. Moreover, ordinary window glass is easy to frost, which makes the originally dry room drier in winter. Hollow glass brick can solve these problems well and replace some windows or glass curtain walls for lighting. Its low thermal conductivity and cavity under negative pressure prevent a lot of heat loss, and the temperature difference between inside and outside can reach 40℃ without affecting the humidity of the air. The use of hollow glass bricks in buildings will make rooms cool in summer, away from extreme heat, warm in winter, not dry, and save energy.
(3) Sound insulation performance. The high sound insulation of hollow glass brick is a unique and important feature. There are many contents involved in living and office environment, among which acoustic environment is an important part. The so-called acoustic environment refers to all kinds of sound sources inside and outside the house, which have an impact on people's physiology and psychology. Compared with light environment and thermal environment, the influence of acoustic environment is more long-term. Noise interferes with people's rest and work. In the comprehensive survey, 35. 15% asked to improve the sound insulation capacity of houses, ranking first. It can be seen that it is very important to improve the acoustic environment of residential buildings. Improving the sound insulation capacity of buildings means improving the existing building materials, increasing the wall thickness and reducing the window area. These requirements are in contradiction with the shortage of construction land, rising raw material prices and indoor lighting. The compromise method is often adopted, focusing on the latter requirements, and the noise problem can never be solved. The appearance of hollow glass brick brings hope to solve the above problems. Hollow glass brick has high sound insulation because it contains sealed negative pressure gas. If the external wall is replaced by hollow glass brick or the window area is reduced, not only the lighting effect is better, but also the sound insulation effect is better. If hollow glass brick is used as indoor partition, it can not only carry out secondary lighting, but also have good sound insulation effect.
(4) Light transmission and non-perspective performance. The characteristics of hollow glass brick with high transparency but no perspective are incomparable to general decorative materials. More than 80% of external information in human life comes from vision, and 75%-90% of human activities are caused by vision. Light is an indispensable external condition for normal people to produce vision. It is reported that about 6,000 people die in residential accidents in the United States every year, and another 65,438+10,000 people are injured. Most of these accidents are due to visual errors caused by poor lighting. With the development of society and the increase of population, the contradiction between ensuring adequate lighting and saving land and energy is becoming more and more acute. The popularization of hollow glass brick will undoubtedly help to solve these problems. The light transmission coefficient of white insulating glass brick is 75%-85%, which is equivalent to ordinary double-layer insulating glass and superior to other colored decorative glass. Walls built with hollow glass bricks have high light transmittance. However, because there are various patterns and patterns on the inner surface of the glass brick, it is non-perspective, which keeps the indoor concealment, and also fills the whole room with soft light through diffuse scattering, which solves the discomfort caused by direct sunlight. Hollow glass brick can also be used for indoor partition, which can make sunlight penetrate through a layer of wall from the outside and then through the partition made of hollow glass brick to realize secondary light transmission or even tertiary light transmission, greatly improving the indoor light environment level.
(5) Fire resistance. The fire resistance of hollow glass brick is also quite excellent, the fire resistance grade is GB, and the fire resistance limit is more than 72 minutes. In today's numerous decorative materials, many of them are flammable, such as indoor partition or wall decoration materials, such as paper, wood, plastic, chemical fiber and so on. Although some materials are also fire-resistant, there are more and more combustible materials in indoor layout and decoration. Once a fire breaks out, they often can't stand the high temperature test of the flame, or they are deformed or damaged. It is often that the flame spreads around quickly, which is difficult to control and causes great losses. In addition, many plastic and chemical fiber decorative materials will release a lot of harmful gases after burning, which will lead to suffocation and death in case of fire. Hollow glass brick can not only meet the needs of high-grade decorative effect, but also meet enough fire protection standards. In case of fire, the flame must stop when it touches the hollow glass brick wall or partition wall. Blocked the spread of flame, prevented the loss of materials, and brought more survival opportunities to people. With the increasing awareness of fire prevention today, hollow glass bricks will be recognized and designed by more and more people.
(6) High compression resistance and impact resistance. Hollow glass brick has high compressive strength and impact strength, so the weight of hollow glass brick can be ignored in design and construction, even for high glass brick walls.
(7) Anti-fog. Hollow glass brick also has excellent anti-fogging performance. For example, if the indoor temperature is 20 degrees and the temperature is 60%, even if the outdoor temperature is MINUS 2 degrees, the surface of the glass brick will not be atomized and dewed, thus preventing the frame from being corroded by atomized water vapor.
In addition, it also has other excellent properties such as anti-penetration, anti-theft safety and easy maintenance.
1 1. Industrial standard of hollow glass brick The industrial standard of hollow glass brick was reviewed and approved by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Architectural Glass, China Architectural and Industrial Glass Association, Standards and Quality Department of China Building Materials Industry Association and Science and Education Committee of China Building Materials Industry Association.
The new standard was revised by adopting the EU standard DIN. Mian101-1:2003 Glass Bricks and Glass Floor Tiles and China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Industry Standard Sn/T 1024-200 1 Inspection Rules for Hollow Glass Bricks for Export. In terms of appearance quality and color uniformity, the index is stricter than the EU standard, which increases the impact resistance and thermal shock resistance. From the technical requirements, the standard has reached the international advanced standard level.
The formulation and implementation of this standard will provide an important evaluation basis for the quality of insulating glass tiles, and have far-reaching significance for standardizing the market of insulating glass tiles and promoting the healthy and orderly development of China's glass tile industry. The implementation of this standard will also effectively guide the consumption and demand of insulating glass tiles, help China enterprises to participate in the bidding of major international projects, and greatly improve the international competitiveness of insulating glass tiles in China.